主谓一致石小萍

主调一致(修正稿)主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。主谓一致有三项原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则是在特殊情况下对语法一致的补充。这里就一些情况作如下说明：(-)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，谓语常用单数。Sixmonthsistooshortatimetolearnalanguage.六个月时间太短，不能学会一门语言。Tendollarsisenoughforthatbook.买那本书10美元就足够了。Fourthousandmilesisalongdistance.4000英里是很长的距离。Fiftykilogramsisnottooheavytobecarried五十公斤不至于重到扛不动的地步。注：如果强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.100美分等于一美兀。Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried他们夫妻已共同走过了五十多年。(二)主语是代词。ne,oneof,each(of),another,theother,either(of),neither,alittle,little,much及any,some,every,no与-thing,-body,-one构成的合成代词时，谓语用单数。Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事,只怕有心人.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeperfectly.两件衬衫中任何一件都很适合我穿.Someoneiswaitingforyouatthegate.有人在门口等你。Nooneknowshowtodealwiththematter,没人知道如何处理这个问题。当neitherof,noneof修饰主语时作主语时，在现代英语中谓语动词多用复数但有时也用单数.Noneofusis/areafraidofdifficulties.我们中没有人害怕困难.Noneofthemhave/hasaChineseEnglishdictionary.(三)不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。Togiveisbetterthantotake.给予比索取好.Helpingothersishelpingourselves.帮助别人就是帮助自己Whethertheywillacceptourinvitationisstillunknown.他们是否接受我们的邀请，现在还不知道.（四）从句作主语时：.what引导的主语从句，谓语动词视情况而定。Whatweneedismoretime./Whatweneedaremoreteachers..在"oneof+复数名词+who/that"弓I导的从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有theonly等修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforthemeeting.Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.（五）以and连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但在以下几种情况中用单数：.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语，若名词前有every,each,no,manya等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirl/Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenabook每个男孩和女孩都发了本书。 许多男孩和女孩都犯同样的错误。（manya）Noteacherandnostudentispermittedtotakethebooksoutofthelibrary.老师和同学都不允许把书带出图书馆.Noboysandnogirlshaveheardthestorybefore,男孩和女孩以前都没有听过这个故事..当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Theprofessorandwriteristogiveusalectureonculture.这个教授兼作家要给我们做一个关于文化的讲座ThescienceandtechnologyplaysanimportantpartinChina.比较：Thesoldierandwriterhasgonetothefront.（士兵兼作家）Thesoldierandthewriterhavegonetothefront.仕兵和作家）2.两个意义相关的名词构成的成对词，如：bowandarrow（弓箭）,breadandbutter。余黄油的面包）,horseandcart（马车）,knifeandfork（刀叉）,needleandthread（针线）等，表示成套的工具或者一种食品，作主语时，后跟谓语动词单数。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.试比较：Breadandmilkisnicefood.（—种食物）Breadandmilkhavegoneupinprice.（两种单独的食物）（六）有些以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数：,表示学科名称的名词一单数；.国家或团体名称T单数；.theOlympicGamesT复数；.当复数同形的名词，如：means,works等。Everymeanshasbeentried./Allmeanshavebeentried.（七）集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：.police,people,Cattle等名词一复数；Cattleareeatinggrassonthehillside.Policehavesearchedthebuildingfortheman..clothing,equipment,furniture等名词t单数；.family,class,public,population等名词表示个体时一单数；表示单位成员时一复数；MyfamilylivesatNo.166ParkStreet.Thepublicismadeupofyouandme.Ourfootballteamhavearrived.Outfootballteamplayswell..the+adj.表一类人，谓语用复数。但thegood（好的东西）,theuseful,thebeautiful等表示抽象的概念作主语时，谓语用单数。Thewoundedweretakentothehospitalimmediately.伤者被紧急送往医院。Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoallofus.美让我们大家愉悦。（八）当中心词是all,some,any,enough,most,half,therest等时，其主谓一致一般遵循意义一致原则：如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词则用单数。Halfofthebuildingwasdamagedinthehurricane在飓风中这栋建筑物有一半遭到损坏。HalfofthebookswerewritteninChinese.这些书有一半是用汉语写的。Thefirstquestionwasverydifficult,buttherestprettyeasy第一个问题很难，但其余的都相当简单。Therestofthestory（need;needs）notelling故事的其余部分就不需要讲了。（九）alotof/lotsof,alargequantityof等量词+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.但largequantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Largequantitiesoffood/booksareonthetable.（十）akindof/kindsof作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由kind决定，type也是这样。Thiskindofmenisdangerous./Menofthisaredangerous.（十一）分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定。Aboutonethirdofthestoriesareworthreading.Twofifthsoftheareaiscoveredbysnow.Only40percentoftheworkhasbeencompleted.（十二）morethanone...,manya…作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Manyagoodmanhasbeendestroyedbydrink很多好男人都毁在了饮酒上。Theremorethanonepossibleexplanation可能的解释不只一个。(十三)or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)…等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语一致。Eitheryouorheisgoing.要么你去，要么他去。NeitherhenorI(have;has)finishedthehomework.彳胡口我都没有完成家庭作业。注：由there或here引导的句子，主语不只一个时，谓语的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisateacherand56studentsintheclassroom教室里有由一位老师和56个学生。Here(are;is)someenvelopesandpaperforyou这些是给你的信封和纸。(十四)主语后面跟有like,aswellas/with/alongwith/togetherwith,except/but/ratherthan,including/besides/inadditionto等词组时，谓语根据主语而定。E-mail,aswellasphonecalls,isplayingaveryimportantpartindailycommunication.像电话一样，电子邮件在日常交流中也起着非常重要的作用。Tom,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,issittingthereplayingcomputergames.汤姆和他的妻子孩子正坐在那里玩电脑游戏。Mr.Li,aswellashischildren,isgoingtherebybus.【题例精析】【例1】一Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?一Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.(2007南京一中卷)A.is;is B.are;are C.is;are D.are;is【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构，把握以every,no,each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致。【要点精析】该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers,为复数故谓语动词该用are；aswellas连接两个主语时谓语动词要根据前一^主语决定由every,

no,each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】D[例2]Whattheremoteareasneededucationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneedgoodtextbooksatthemoment.（2007山东枣庄3月交流卷）A.is;are B.are;is C.was;were D.were;was【易错点悟】解答该题关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系。【要点精析】一般情况下，what引导主语从句，常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式，但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在，用一般现在时态。【答案】A【专项检测】Whomthispairofglassesbelongtoandwhosetheglassesonthetable?A.does;is B.do;are C.does;are D.do;isThereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.are B.is C.has D.haveTheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.is B.are C.was D.were"Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;arehavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhichverydifficult.A.is B.are C.was D.wereThetroublewithsuchresourcesascoal,oilandgasthattheyarenotrenewable.A.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.isA.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.isMorethanoneexamplenecessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly.A.shouldbe B.is C.are D.havebeenAlthoughmanyofthehousesinthesmalltownstillinneedofrepair,therelotsofimprovementintheirappearance.A.are;hasbeen B.is;havebeen C.is;are D.are;wasGoingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyagoodhabit.A.is B.are C.were D.wasThepoliceaskedthatanyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldgetintouchwith.A.have;them B.has;him C.have;him D.has;themMyfriendandclassmatePaulhorse-ridinginhissparetime.A.practice B.practices C.ispracticed. D.ispracticingPeoplelikebeautifulthings,butthebeautifulnotalwaystheuseful.A.is B.are C.was D.wereAreyouveryanxious?Yes.Tenminuteslikeanhourwhenyouarewaitingforaphonecall.A.seem B.seems C.do D.doesOnthewalltwolargepicturesofhisparents.A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hangThat'stheoneofthesubjectsthattostartaconversation.A.intends B.intend C.areintended D.isintendedwhoyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.be B.am C.are D.isNotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.A.are;are B.am;are C.is;is D.are;isSettingfiretothepublicbuildingshighlydangerousandforbiddenbylaw.A.are B.is C.has D.werevisitorstotheUKwereaskedbynewspaperreporterswhattheirimpressionsoftheBritishpeoplewere.

A.Thenumberof B.AnumberofC.Numbersof D.AnynumbersofThefirsttwoquestionswereeasy,buttherestofthemnot.A.was B.were C.being D.tobe“Thepublicthebestjudge."means“thepublicalwaystheirthoughtscorrectly/D.is;expressA.are;expressB.are;expresses C.is;expressD.is;expressThiskindofcakesgoodwhilecakesofthatkinddifferent.A.taste;are B.tastes;are C.smells;is D.look;areWheretofindtheteacherandwheretodotheexperimentA.arenotknownB.isnotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknownA.arenotknownB.isnotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknownThemanagerorhissecretarytogiveyouaninterview.A.is B.are C.was D.wereThattheyhavecheatedtheboysnowcleartousall.A.is B.are C.was D.wereTheoldtakengoodcaveofinourcountry.A.is B.has C.are D.haveItseemstomethatwhatLucysawandheardveryinteresting.A.was B.were C.is D.areEverymeanstried,butinvain.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.are D.isManyaboyandmanyastudentlookingforwardtovisitingtheUnitedStatesofAmericaatpresent.A.are B.were C.is D.wasE-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplaying D.playThoughsmall,theantisasmuchacreatureasallotheranimalsonearth.A.are B.is C.do D.haveDespitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatnotfullyunderstood.

A.areB.wereC.isD.wasA.areB.wereC.isD.wasEverybodyinourcountry,menandwomen,oldandyoung,sportsandgames.A.arefondof B.enjoys C.goinfor D.takepartinThereareflowersshownintheparkandpeoplegotohavealook.A.varietiesof;various B.aplentyof;manyC.various;manya D.quiteafew;quitealittleAnironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactoriestobebuilthere.A.is B.are C.was D.wereTheengineerandworkerreferredtotodesignsomething.A.begoing B.aregoing C.belikely D.isgoingAsaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.A.number;has B.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have—Theeducationsystemratherthantheteacherstoanswerfortheoverburdenonthestudents.—Iagree.Ihopethereformbeingcarriedoutinourcountrywillhangabouttheresults.A.me;desired B.is;desired C.are;desiring D.is;desiringHisSelectedPoemsfirstpublishedin1986.A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.isWritingstoriesandarticleswhatsheenjoysmost.A.is B.havebeen C.was D.wereEachofthestudentsinourclassgreatinterestinEnglishandtheyeachacopyofANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary.A.shows;have B.have;has C.is;have D.takes;hasThefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,burntlastnight.A.is B.are C.were D.wasTheWhitefamilyverylarge.Allthefamilyanimallovers.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;areLargequantitiesoffruitallovertheworldfromChinatoday.A.isshippedB.areshippedC.hasShipped D.haveshippedInourcountryeachboyandeachgirltherighttoreceiveagoodeducation.A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案解析】.Co"this/thepairof+名词"作主语，谓语动词用单数；glasses,trousers,clothes等复数名词作主语，谓语动词则用复数。.BoTherebe句型中，主语不止一个时，遵循"就近一致"的原则，即谓语与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。.Ao表示国家，组织、单位的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。.Co不定代词all作主语，指人时，谓语动词常用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数。.Ao"therestof+名词"作主语，谓语动词的数与中心名词保持一致这里which指代thebook故用iso.D。thetrouble/problemwith…意为"由 带来的问题； 存在的问题题中thetrouble为主语部分的中心词。.B。manya（许多）+单数可数名词或morethanone（不止一个）+单数可数名词作主语时，常遵循"语法一致”的原则，即主语是单数，谓语也用单数。.Ao此处improvement是不可数名词。.Ao当and连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语且表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。.Aopolice,people,cattle等表示"总称"的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。.BoPaul既是我的朋友还是我的同学，主语指的是一个人，故谓语动词用单数，且根据题意,此处需用一般现在时态的主动语态。.Aothe+形容词/-ing形式/过去分词（表示一类人或事物）做主语时，谓语动词常用复数，但表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词常用单数。题中thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful意为"好看的不一定总是有用的"。.Bo表示时间、距离、金额数量等的名词作为一个整体作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。.Do这是一个倒装句，主语是复数形式，故谓语动词用复数。.Dobeintendedtodo/for意为"被打算……"o先行词为oneof...结构时，定语认句中的谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为the(only)oneof…结构时，从句中谓语动词用单数。.Bo关系代词作主语，定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。.Bonotonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor,not...but等结构连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数应遵循“就近一致"的原则。.Bo不定式、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。注意：当what引导的从句作主语，且表语为名词时，谓语动词的数常由表语的数决定。.Bo答案C、D本身就错误的，A表示"……的数目"，B表示"许多"，依据谓语是were,选Bo.Bo本题的要点是halfof,therestof,plentyof修饰可数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，视具体情况而定。如果of后面是不可数名词，谓语用单数，如果of后面是可数名词，则谓语用复数形式。.Do本题的变化点是集合名词若作整体看待，谓语用单数；若看作一个个成员时，谓语用复数。.Bo本题考查知识点是：由akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof和“名词+ofthiskind"等以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。.A。本题考查知识点是不定式做主语时谓语动词的数。句子结构是"疑