软件测试期末考试卷答案

中山大学软件学院06、 级软件工程专业(2009学年秋季学期《软件测试技术》期末答案(A卷AgoodtesterrelentlesslystrivesforA1:False.Agoodtesterknowswhenperfectionisn'tattainableandwhen"goodenough"isreached.Visitingallthestatesthataprogramhasassuresthatyou'vealsotraversedallthetransitionsamongthem.A2:False.Thinkofvisiting50differentcitiesspreadoutacrosstheentireUnitedStatesYoucouldnatripthatwouldtakeyoutoeachcity,butitwouldbeimpossibleforyoutotravelalltheroadsthatconnecttoallthecitiesthatwouldbealltheroadsintheentirecountry. It'sanunfairtesttoperformstresstestingatthesametimeyouperformloadA3:False.Notestiseverunfair.Yourjobistofindbugs.But,therealitiesofsoftwaretestingmayapplyandanybugsyoufindinthissituationmaynotbeStaticwhite-boxtestingcanfindmissingitemsaswellasA4:True.Missingitemsarearguablymoreimportantthannormalproblemsandcanbefoundthroughstaticwhite-boxtesting.Whenthecodeischeckedagainstpublishedstandardsandguidelinesandcarefullyyzedinformalreviews,missingeAlwaysdesignyourblack-boxtestcasesA5:True.Designyourtestcasesbasedonwhatyoubelievethesoftwareissupposedtodo.Thenusewhite-boxtechniquestocheckthemandmakethemmostefficient.Youcanperformdynamicblack-boxtestingwithoutaproductspecificationorrequirements.A6:True.Thetechniqueiscalledexploratorytesting,andyouessentiallyusethesoftwareasthoughit'stheproductspec.It'snotanidealprocess,butcanworkokayinapinch.Thelargestriskisthatyouwon'tknowifafeatureismissing.Allsoftwaremustundergosomelevelofcompatibility测试。但是，除此之外99%的软件都必须进行某种程度的兼容性测试。A7:False.Therewillbeafewrare,standalone,proprietaryfirstversionsofsoftwareouttherethatdon'tinctwithanything.Fortheother99percentoftheworld,though,somelevelofcompatibilitytestingwillbenecessary.Allsoftwarehasauserinterfaceandthereforemustbetestedfor答：对。即使嵌入再深的软件终将以某种形式显露在用户面前。记UI可A8:True.Eventually,eventhemostdeeplyembeddedsoftwareisexposed,insomeway,toauser.KeepinmindthattheUImaybeassimpleasaswitchandalightbulborascomplexasaflightsimulator.Evenifthesoftwareisasinglemoduleinacodelibrary,itsinterface,intheformofvariablesandparameters,isexposedtoaprogrammerwhocanbeauser,too.Testingerrormessagesfalls ationA9:True.But,it'snotjustationtesting.Thecontentofthemessageneedstobetestedasation,butforcingthemessagetoappearandassuringthatthecorrectmessageisdisyedistestingthecode.Aninvasivetoolisthebesttypebecauseitoperatesclosesttothesoftwarebeing答：错。式工具在一些情形下可以提供更好的信息和控制，但是它具有可能影响软件和的不利一面。最好是仔细评估每种情况，选择最适用的工具，A10:False.Aninvasivetoolmayprovideyouwithbetterinformationandcontrolinsomesituations,butithasthepossibledownsideofaffectingthesoftwareandthetestresults.It'sbesttocarefullyevaluateeachsituationandselectthetoolthatworksbest,withthefewestsideeffects.What'sthedifferencebetweenatoolandA1:Atesttoolwillhelpyoutest,makingiteasierforyoutoperformamanualtestingtask.Automationisalsoatool,butitwillrunwithoutyourintervention.Thinkpowersawandhammerbuildingahousewhilethecarpentersleeps.Besidesbeingmoreformal,what'sthebigdifferencebetweeninspectionsandothertypesofreviews?A2:Thekeydifferenceisthatwithinspections,a otherthantheoriginalauthorofthecodeisthepresenter.Thisobligesanother tofullyunderstandthesoftwarebeinginspected.It'smuchmoreeffectivethanhavingotherssimplyreviewthesoftwareforbugs.Canasoftwaretesterperformwhite-boxtestingonaA3:Yes,white-boxtestingissimplyusinginformationabouthowsomethingisdesignedtoinfluencehowthetestingisdone.Thetestercouldattendtheproject'sfocusgroups,usabilitystudies,andmarketingmeetingstounderstandtheunderlyingprocessbeingusedtodesignthefeaturesandtheoverallproduct.Withthatinformationshecouldmoreeffectivelytesttheresultingspecification.Thereisarisk,though,thatthisinformationcouldbiasthetesterintoassumingthatthespeciscorrect.What'sthegoalofasoftwareA4:Thegoalofasoftwaretesteristofindbugs,findthemasearlyaspossible,andmakesuretheygetfixed.WhyisitimpossibletotestaprogramcompleA5:Withanysoftwareotherthanthesmallestandsimplestprogram,therearetoomanyinputs,toomanyoutputs,andtoomanypathcombinationstofullytest.Also,softwarespecscanbesubjectiveandbeinterpretedindifferentways.Exinwhatatestershouldworryaboutwiththislinefromaspec:Thesoftwarewillallowupto100millionsimultaneousconnections,althoughnomorethan1millionwillnormallybeused.A6:Testability.Itdoesn'tmatterthattypicalusageisonly1millionconnections.Ifthespecificationstatesthat100millionarepossible,the100millionmustbetested.Thetesterneedstofindawaytotestsomethingthislargeorgetthespecwritertoreducetheumpossiblenumbertosomethingclosertowhat'stypical.Whatareafewcautionstoconsiderwithabetatest答：beta测试不能代替有组织、有计划、有条理的测试方法——在通常意义上beta测试者的水平、设备，并A7:Abetatestisnosubstituteforanorganized,nned,methodicaltestapproachit'snotgoodatgeneralbugfinding.Youshouldknowwhothebetatestersareinregardstotheirexperiencelevel,equipment,andneedstoensurethatyougetwhatyouexpectoutofthetest.Ifthere'snodefinitiverightorwronguserinterface,howcanitbeA8:Softwaretestersshouldcheckthatitmeetssevenimportantcriteria:Thatitfollowsstandardsandguidelines,thatit'sintuitive,consistent,flexible,comfortable,correct,anduseful.Whatisgray-boxA9:Gray-boxtestingiswhenyoucantakeapeekattheunderlyingcodeandusethatinformationtohelpyoutest.You'renotexaminingittothesamelevelofdetailasyouwouldwithwhite-boxtesting.It'shelyoutest,butyou'renotbasingallofyourtestsonit.Assumethatyouhavea10-character-wideZIPcodetextbox,suchastheoneshowninFigure1.Whatequivalencepartitionswouldyoucreateforthistextbox?F