第一部分语法精讲精练第十四节定语从句

第十四节定语从句第一部分

语法精讲精练目录contents中考导航考点突破课堂小测中考模拟演练中考导航目录contents考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点20132014201520162017定语从句√√√√√★★★考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，定语从句是每年的必考点，对引导词(关系词)的选用是考查重点。2018年备考时应掌握好定语从句引导词(关系词)的选用。考点突破目录contents考点突破定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如：Theboys

whoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(先行词)(引导词)(从句)那群踢足球的小男孩都是一班的。1.定语从句的引导词(关系词)常见的关系代词有(非考点，了解即可)：指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主格who，thatwhich，thatthat宾格whom，that所有格whose常见的关系副词有(非考点，了解即可)：指代对象先行词关系副词及相应的介词结构时间day，year，date，timewhen，during，whichtime地点theplace，thecitywhere，inwhich，fromwhich原因thereasonwhy，that，forwhich2.引导词(关系词)的用法(1)由that引导的定语从句(2016、2014，2011广东中考)一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。如：Themanthat(who)isspeakingatthemeetingisaforeigner.正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。Isthisthenursethat(whom)youtalkedaboutyesterday?这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗？Thepresentthat(which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.昨天我收到的礼物是我父亲寄来的。(2)由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句(2017、2013广东中考)who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。如：Thisisthethiefwhostolemycar.这就是偷我车的那个贼。Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。Thegirlwhosemotherisanurseiswaitingforyououtside.妈妈是个护士的那个女孩在外面等你。(3)由which引导的定语从句(2015，2012广东中考)which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：ThebookwhichMumboughtmelastweekiscalledTheOldManandtheSea.妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《老人与海》。ThehousewhichLuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum.鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。3.引导词(关系词)的特殊用法(1)下列情况只能用that(不能用which)来指代物：①先行词为all，much，little，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。如：IwilldoeverythingthatIcandotohelpyou.我将做我能做的一切事情来帮助你。②先行词是最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。如：Thisisthemostimportanttaskthatshouldbefinishedsoon.这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。③先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时。如：Youarethefirstmenthatlikethiskindofbooks.你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。④先行词中既有人又有物时。如：Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了很深的印象。⑤当先行词前有theone，theonly，thelast，thevery，any，few，little，no，all等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：Heistheonlypersonthatknowsthetruth.他是唯一知道真相的人。⑥当主句中已经含有疑问词who或者which时，只用that。如：HebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthatIhadneverseenbefore.他建造了一个工厂，生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。(2)下列情况只能用who来指代人：①先行词是one，ones，anyone时，适宜用who。如：Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhoshouldn’tbetold.别告诉不该告诉的人任何消息。②当those作先行词指人时，引导词只能用who。如：Thosewhorespectothersareoftenrespectedbyothers.尊敬别人的人也常常受人尊敬。③当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。如：ImetaforeignerinthestreetwhocouldspeakChinesewell.我在街上遇到一位可以把中文说得很好的外国人。④有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经使用了that，另一个宜用who。如：Theboythatyoumetlastnightisherboyfriendwhocanmakekites.你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友，他会制作风筝。⑤在therebe开头的句子中用who。如：Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一个老人想见你。⑥当主语是I，he，you，they等时，常用于谚语，格言中，只能用who。如：Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火者自焚。母题训练中考预测()1.(2017广东)Accordingtoasurvey，people______areabletospeaktwolanguagescanmanagetwothingsatthesametimemoreeasily.A.which B.whom C.whose D.who()9.Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperience______peoplecannotgetathome.A.that B.who C.whomD.whatDA()2.(2016广东)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everythingesintosightissonewtome.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom()10.Tobeabettermanisthebestsoapopera______Ihaveeverseen.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whyAA()3.(2015广东)RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogram______ishotamongtheyoungpeople.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom()11.Iwillneverforgettheday______wespentintheoldtownwithsmallhouses.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whatBC()4.(2014广东)WhenRobinsonCrusoegottotheisland，thefirstthing______hedidwastolookforsomefood.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom()12.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacher______happenedinourschoollastweek.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whatBA()5.(2013广东)Theyounglady______isinterviewingLinZhixuanabouttheprogramIamasingerisfrom21stCenturyTalentNet.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()13.Pianoisaword______wasoriginallyborrowedfromItalian.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.whoseAC()6.(2012广东)Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark______wevisitedlastweek.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.which()14.Janeisoneofthestudentsintheclass______haveeverbeentoChina.A.thatB.whoseC.whomD.whichDA()7.(2011广东)Thefirstthing______mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.A.whichB.thatC.whyD.who()15.ZhangLiliisconsideredasthemostbeautifulteacher______gaveherlovetoherstudentsindanger.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whichBB()8.(2010广东)Paul’suncleistheman______taughtusmathlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when()16.—DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?—No，Iprefersongs______loud.A.thatisB.whichisC.thatareD.whatareCC课堂小测目录contents()1.(2017泰安)Yesterday，Mr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhouse______hewasbornin.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.it()2.(2017潍坊)—Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?—Ipreferthemovies______mesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.whichgivesD.whogivesAA()3.(2017鄂州)—PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiwei.—Heisagreatastronautof______alltheChineseareproud.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom()4.(2017河南)Ihatethedogs______liveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whomDB()5.(2017眉山)Lilylovesmusic______shecansingalongwith.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom()6.(2017天水)TuYouyouisthewoman______usedtheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD./AB()7.(2017湘潭)Ican’tfindtheshoes______Iboughtlastweek.SoIhavetobuyanotherpair.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where()8.(2017咸宁)—CCTVhasproducedaTVshow—ChinesePoetryCompetition.Haveyouseenit?—Sure.WuYishu，16，______studiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoFudan，isthewinner.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.whomBC()9.(2017达州)—______kindofteawouldyoulike?—Ilovetea______hasafruitytaste.A.Which；whatB.What；whichC.Whose；thatD.What；who()10.(2017永州)HaveyouheardabouttheTVprogramTheReader______isverypopularnow?A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whomBA()11.(2017湘潭)JourneytotheWestisabook______influencesteenagersalot.Itisverypopular.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what()12.(2017汕头濠江区模拟)AuldLangSyneisanIrishfolksong______remindsusofouroldfriendsandthegoodolddays.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.whoseCC()13.(2017广东一模)—Whyareyoustillhere?It’stimetostart.—I’mbusysearchingtheInternetforthephotosofsomefamoussingers______Icanuseinmyspeech.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom()14.(2017东莞一模)Thisisthemostbeautifulpicture______Ihaveeverseen.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whoBA()15.(2017汕头龙湖一模)Tony，tellmetheresultofthediscussion______youhadwithyourdadyesterday.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who()16.(2017汕头潮阳区模拟)Afterthelongbusride，thefirstthing______wewantedtodowastolookforsomefood.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomBB()17.(2017汕头金平区模拟)—YangJie，directorofJourneytotheWest，passedawayonApril15thattheageof88.—ShecreatedthemostwatchedTVplay______hasbeenre-airedmorethan3，000timessince1986.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./C()18.(2017三明)—PleasesaysomethingaboutZhengHe.—Oh!HeistheMingDynastyexplorerof______alltheChineseareproud.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that()19.(2015黄冈)—Whichsongdoyoulikebetter，Lucy？—IpreferthesongLittleApple______canattractmanypeople.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whereBA()20.(2017河南)—Whydon’tyoulikefishing？—Fishingisahobby______needsmuchpatience，butI’mnotpatientatall.A.whoB.thatC.itD.whatB中考模拟演练目录contents4()1.Everyone______hasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which()2.Thewoman______isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whatCB()3.Thedog______playedwithyoujustnowis______.A.which；mineB.which；myC.what；mineD.what；my()4.DoyouknowDengZiqi_____________singsthesong[WTBX]PaoMo?A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whereAB()5.—Lily，whatkindofmuseumdoyoulike?—Ilikethemuseum_____________canprovidevisitorswithfreewifi.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.why()6.—Whyareyousoworried?—I’velostthewatch______mydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichBD()7.Ithinkthefirstlesson______wearelearningisveryeasy.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when()8.Wedon’tlikepeople______talktoomuchbutneverdoanything.A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.whichAB()9.Theredskirt______mymotherboughtformeismadeofcotton.A.thatB.whenC.whoD.whose()10.—Whatareyoudoing?—I’mreadingthebook______youlentmelastweek.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.thatAD()11.—DoyoulikelisteningtoZhangJie’ssongs______areveryloudandfullofenergy?—Ofcourse!I’mhisfan.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whose()12.—Doyouknowtheman______T-shirtisblue?—Yes，Ido.HeismyChineseteacher，Mr.Smith.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichCC()13.Thewoman______isstandingunderthetreeismyaunt.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.where()14.Sittingdownafterawalkisrelaxing.Butdoyoudaretositonaseat______tellsyouyourweight?A.whomB./C.whoD.thatCD()15.Ihatepeople______laughatotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.they()16.—Whatdoyouthinkoflemon?—Terrible.Ilikefruit______tastessweet.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whenAC()17.Doyouknowtheman______savedthreepupilsintheaccident?A.whoB.itC.whomD.whose()18.Idon’tknowthegirl______isstandingatthegate.A./B.whichC.thatD.whomAC()19.Theearthistheplanet______providesuswitheverythingweneed，freshair，cleanwaterandsoon.It’sourdutytoprotectit.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.whose()20.Confuciuswasafamousphilosopher______hasinfluencedtheworldgreatly.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.whoBD()21.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?A.heB.whomC.whoD.which()22.—Inatextmessage，88meansBye-bye.—AndanotherexampleisF2F______standsforface