高考英语江苏版：专题3+阅读理解+第二节+一+Word版含解析

英语学习讲义英语学习讲义好好努力梦想终会实现 好好努力梦想终会实现 第二节推理判断题一、细节推断题（2019江苏，C）WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT（InformationandCommunicationTechnology）revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday“thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector（制造业）,withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryabouttheadigitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages」amnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.语篇解读~~对于新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有的技术的认识和使用，影响对社会的认知。.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyBaslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictorpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources答案D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 "However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources/,可知，对于新技术影响的误判导致了对于稀缺资源的误用，故选D。.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableInternetfacilities答案A解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 "Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand…inruralvillages.“可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为 Ao.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，随着通信和交通运输技术的发展，人们认为我们生活在一个“无国界的世界”，由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则，故本题答案为 Bo.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中的“However,ourfascination...wrongdirections."可知，我们对于最新技术的入迷，和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估会将我们引向错误的方向，即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故 B项符合文意。一、题型解读细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示）,imply（暗示）,suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论）和assume^定，设想）。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解题技巧一一关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节一一根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息 （关键词语）。第二步：揣摩细节一一对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：【真题感悟】中的第62题：根据第四段中的"Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为 AoAThisweek,amammoth（猛码象）possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite,whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst,theycouldn'tfigureoutwhattheywereseeing.“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,"BristletellsAnnArborNews."Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post."Uponcloser6inspection,however,itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost."Weknewitwassomethingspecial."Thentheyspedupthedig.AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight,BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday,andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmedit'sawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.It's4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied,FishertellsDetroit'sWWJ-TV,“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman'sbutchering.”11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby,accordingtotheFreePress,anditremainsunclearwherethey'lleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncethey'vebeencleanedanddried.WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica,andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademise（终止）thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans,butalsotochangingclimate.It'snowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.语篇解读一位农民及其邻居在底特律附近的地里发现了猛吗象的尸骨，迹象表明它们是被人类捕杀的。科学家们对此正在进行进一步的研究。.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sold.C.It'sunique.D.It'sworthless.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句"'Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,'BristletellsAnnArborNews.'Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost.'"可知，JamesBristle和他邻居认为最早发现的猛吗象的肋骨是一根弯曲的栅栏柱子，没有什么价值。故选D。.Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?A.Itmightdieinits40s.B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.”可知，这头猛吗象死时大约 40岁。故选Ao.WhichisDanielFisher'sopinion?A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.D.It'sunclearwhethertheboneswereamammoth's.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四句 "Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayofpreservingthemeatforfutureuse.”和最后——句中的”...buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman'sbutchering.”可知,DanielFisher认为发现猛吗象的地方以前有人类活动的痕迹。故选 Co.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Driedtheirbones.B.Tooktheirlives.C.Destroyedtheirhome.D.Preservedtheirmeat.答案B解析句意猜测题。此处指现在人们相信在人类对它们进行最后的打击之前，气候变暖使猛吗象的数量减少了。人类的最后打击指人类对猛吗象的大量捕杀。故选BoBBarcelona'sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence,137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.12ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica（长方形基督教堂 ），whichisBarcelona'smostvisitedtouristattraction,beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.However,whenhesteppeddown,architectAntoniGauditookoverthedesignin1883.Thebuildingwon'tbefinisheduntil2026—onehundredyearsafterthearchitectwaskilledbyastreetcarinthecity.HisbodywasburiedinaroomundertheflooroftheSagradaFamilia.Togetitspaperworkrubber10stamped,thechurchauthoritieshaveagreedtofinallypaythegovernmenta?36millionfeeforabuildingpermit.Gaudiwastoldtogetthepaperworkprocessed,butthearchitectfailedtodoso—proceedingwithconstructionregardless.Themoneyfromthechurch'spermitwillbeusedtoupgradetransportlinksandbeautifythearea.GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona,thecapitalcityofCatalonia,northeastSpain.GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.Hewouldoftenrequestthatworkbemodifiedandadjusteduntilitwasexactlywhathehadinmind.However,5interpretation ofthedesignsbypresentdayarchitectsisparticularlychallengingbecauseofthenatureoftheexistingdesigns.TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了巴塞罗那著名的 SegradaFamilia教堂终于获得了建筑许可。这座137年前开始建造的尚未完工的教堂又开始动工了。.WhatdoweknowabouttheSegradaFamilia?A.Ithasbeencompletelyconstructed.B.ItwasfirstdesignedbyAntoniGaudi.C.Itwillgetabuildingpermitin2026.D.Itbegantobebuilt137yearsago.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段"Barcelona'sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence,137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.”可矢口,SegradaFamilia始建于137年前。故选D。.WhatcanweinferaboutAntoniGaudi?A.Hewishedtobeburiedinthechurch.B.Heisrememberedasagreatarchitect.C.Hedidn'tknowapermitwasnecessary.D.Heistoblamefortheunfinishedchurch.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona,thecapitalcityofCatalonia,northeastSpain.”和第四段第——句"GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926. ”可推知，AntoniGaudi是一位伟大的建筑师。故选B。.WhatmakestheSegradaFamiliasopopular?A.Itsunusualdesignstyle.B.Itstwofamousarchitects.C.Itsspecialbuildingmaterials.D.Itsillegalconstructionpaperwork.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句"TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed."可知，独特的设计风格让SegradaFamilia大受欢迎。故选A。.Thechurchmanagedtopayforthelicence.A.inthesupportofthegovernmentB.byreducingconstructioncostsC.withtheaidoftouristincomeD.throughdonationsfromarchitects答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，该座教堂没有建筑许可证。再根据最后一段的末句"Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.”可知，教堂通过旅游收入来支付建筑许可证的费用。故选C。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思ttookthemaboutonemonthtofigureouthowtostarttheequipment.弄清.Toconfirmtheresults,hemadecalculationsbasedonhisowndata,whoseresultswerealmostthesamev.确认.Thedailyflighttothecityhasbeentemporarilydelayedbecauseoftheearthquake.adv.暂时地.Thesun,atleast,sofarasweareconcerned,isstandingstill.adj.静止的t'sdifficulttoputanaccurateinterpretationonthesurveyresultswithoutenoughreference.n.解释(二)同义词语替换6.OnarrivalinAustraliayoumustdeclareallfood,plantmaterialandanimalproductsforinspectiontoensuretheyarefreeofpestsanddiseases.check.Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromiect..Frequentlycheckingyourmessagesandmicroblogscanweakenyourconcentrationandproductivity.reduce(三)一词多义.postv.发帖子n.柱子；帖子；职位v.&n.邮寄(1)Asaresult,you'llreceiveyourbookthroughthepost.n邮寄(2)Myfatherhasheldfull-timeteachingpostsatseveraluniversities.n.职位(3)Belowisamessageandsomeresponsesthatarepostedonahealthwebsitev.好巾片子(4)Eddieparkedhiscycleagainstalamppostandlockedit.n.柱子10.stampn.邮票;印,章v.盖章;跺脚(1)It'samazingthathepossessessuchalargecollectionofstampsn邮票(2)Hestampedhisnameonallhisbookstokeeptrack.v.盖章（3）Chinesepaintingsgenerallyhavecalligraphicinscriptionsintheformofpoetryandaspecialstamp.n.EfJ,章（4）Inordertokeepwarm,westampedourfeetconstantly”.跺脚n.长难句理解.Thebonesarebeingtemporarilystorednearby,accordingtotheFreePress,anditremainsunclearwherethey'lleventuallyendup.［句式分析］本句为并列句。and前谓语动词是arebeingstored,是现在进行时的被动语态;and后面主句为itremainsunclear,其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是where引导的从句。［精美译文］据自由媒体报道，这些骨头被暂时存放在附近，但还不清楚它们最终会去哪儿。.ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica（长方形基督教堂），whichisBarcelona'smostvisitedtouristattraction,beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.［句式分析］本句为复合句，主语是construction.谓语是beganwhich引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词basilica。basedon…作状语，表示"以 为依据“。［精美译文］被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产的大教堂 （长方形基督教堂）是巴塞罗那最受欢迎的旅游景点，它始建于 1882年，根据建筑师弗朗西斯科 洛扎诺的设计建造。强化练（十九）I.单项填空.Thoughourfootballboysarefacedwithfourgoalsbehind,theyarestillstrugglinghardinthefieldto.（2019南徐盐常四市联考）A.facethemusicB.savefaceC.costtheirarmandlegD.landontheirfeet答案Bsaveface挽回颜面，保住面子；costtheirarm解析考查习语。saveface挽回颜面，保住面子；costtheirarmandleg付出巨大代价；landontheirfeet逢凶化吉。句意为：我们的足球队落后四个球，但队员们仍在球场上努力挽回面子。根据 "fourgoalsbehind"及"stillstrugglinghard”判断此处表示“挽回颜面”，故B项正确。.Asaresultofisnowknowninphysicsandchemistry,scientistshavebeenabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesinbiologyandmedicine.（2019苏州八校高三联考）A.whatB.itC.whichD.that答案A解析考查宾语从句。句意为：由于目前在物理学和化学上已知的知识的原因，科学家们已经能够在生物学和医药上取得重要发现。 分析句子可知，所填词引导宾语从句， 作of的宾语，且从句中缺乏主语，故用连接代词，故选Aowhich表示在范围内的某一个，本句没有范围，故排除。.Afterintomorethan50languages,SpongeBobSquarePants,alsosimplyasSpongeBobhasearnednumerousawardsincludingfourEmmyAwards.（2019江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考）A.translating;beingreferredtoB.havingbeentranslated;referringtoC.translated;referringtoD.beingtranslated;referredto答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：在被翻译成 50多种语言后，SpongeBobSquarePants,又名《海绵宝宝》，赢得了包括四次艾美奖在内的众多奖项。介词after后接动名词作宾语，SpongeBobSquarePants与translate之间是被动关系，而且被翻译成多种语言和获奖几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，所以第一空用beingtranslated,SpongeBobSquarePants与referto之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应该用过去分词表示被动， 所以第二空用 referredto,故D项正确。.一Iwonderwhatmakesyouagoodsalesperson.—Iasawaiterforthreeyears,whichcontributesalottomytoday'swork.A.serve B.haveservedC.hadserved D.served答案D解析考查时态。句意为： 一一我想知道什么使你成为一个好的销售员。 一一我当了三年服务员，这对我现在的工作很有帮助。根据句意，做服务员是过去发生的事，因此才说对现在销售员的工作产生很多帮助，用过去时即可，故选Do.Theinfrastructureprojecthasconsumedsomuchmoneythatwecan'tfindanyfinancialsupportandhaveto.（2019南徐盐常四市联考）A.pullout B.pullthroughC.catchup D.catchon答案A解析 考查动词短语辨析。 pullout离开，撤离；pullthrough渡过难关；catchup赶上；catchon变得流行。句意为：这个基础设施项目花费了太多的钱， 我们找不到资金支持，只好撤出。故A项正确。.Thelatestsurvey,bytheforeigncompany,foundthatmorethan12%teenagerswanttoworkaspilotswhentheygrowup.A.tobeconducted B.beingconductedC.conducted D.havingconducted答案C解析 根据句意和结构可知bytheforeigncompany作定语，修饰Thelatestsurvey,Thelatestsurvey和conduct是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。.Theresultisduetobeannouncedtomorrow.Whyyouknowitnow?A.can B.mightC.need D.must答案D解析 句意为：预计明天公布结果。你为什么偏要现在知道呢？ must“偏要，非要"符合语境。"Whymustyou...?”为常用句型，表示 “为什么你非要……？”，用以告诉某人其举止令人生气或困扰。 can能，会；might可能；need需要。.Anyoffendershallbebroughtbackandbroughttojusticehe/shemayfleeabroad.A.incase B.evenifC.nowthat D.ifonly答案B解析 句意为：任何违法者都必须被抓回国内并且对其进行法律制裁， 即使他/她可能潜逃到国外了。incase以防万一；evenif即使；nowthat既然；ifonly要是 就好了。故选B。.一HowcomeyourmothercanreadbooksinGerman?一Well,sheonaprojectwithsomeGermanengineersfortwoyearswhenshewasyoung.A.works B.workedC.wasworking D.wouldwork答案B

解析根据时间状语whenshewasyoung可知主从句动作同时发生，排除A、D项，根据语境可知，她现在不再和德国工程师共事，只是强调过去的一个事实，排除C项，使用一般过去时。.—IfeelsonervousabouttheNationalEnglishSpeechCompetitiontomorrow.A.IreallyenvyyouB.GladtohearthatA.IreallyenvyyouB.GladtohearthatD.TakeiteasyD.TakeiteasyC.Soundsgreat答案D解析Ireallyenvyyou我真的很嫉妒你；Gladtohearthat很高兴听到这些；Soundsgreat听起来很不错；Takeiteasy别着急，慢慢来。根据上文“IfeelsonervousabouttheNationalEnglishSpeechCompetitiontomorrow."可知，对方因为要参加明天的全国英语演讲比赛而感到紧张，所以说话者要安慰对方，让对方放松下来。n.阅读理解Carve,thecountry'sfirstskateboardingmagazine,islookingforapublishingassistanttohelpwithproductionofthisaward-winningpublication.Youmustbesomeonewithideas,energyandenthusiasm;someonewithapassionforgrammar,spellingandcreative,originalcontent;someonewho'shappytogetstuckinandworkcloselywithaunited,committedteam.Youneedtofeelcomfortableaboutworkingtotightdeadlinesandrealenthusiasmforskatingwon'tgoastray（走错方向）either.Responsibilities:CreatingandresearchingstoryideasConductingmediamonitoring（printandonline）SubeditingandproofreadingRespondingtocustomerenquiriesCommunicatingwithfeaturecontributorsDataentryAssistingwithlayoutsandpagination。码编定）PictureeditinganduploadingUpdatingthemagazinewebsiteanduploadingcontentintoCMSAssistingwithmarketingoperationsAssistingwithsubscriptionanddatabasemanagementRequirements:Tertiary^学的）qualificationsinEnglish,communicationsorediting/publishingExcellentoralandwrittenlanguageskillsExcellentinterviewingandresearchskillsSolideditingandproofreadingskillsAbilitytoprioritizeandmultitaskWillingnesstobeahighlymotivatedandcommittedteammemberIfyouthinkyou'vegottherightstuffforthisexcitingroleinpublishing ,sendyourresumeandcoverlettertoRexClayton,ChiefEditor：rex.clayton@.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，内容有关出版助理招聘。文章主要介绍了职责、职位要求和应聘方式。.WhatisthepublishingassistantexpectedtodoinCarve?A.Seeksponsorsforthemagazine.B.Providerelevantcustomerservice.C.Collectstoriesforfeaturecontributors.D.Takechargeofthedatabasemanagement.答案B解析细节理解题。根据Responsibilities部分中的“Respondingtocustomerenquiries"可知,出版助理的职责之一是为顾客提供相关服务。故选Bo.Whichisrequiredofthepublishingassistant?A.Beingabletogettheprioritiesright.B.Masteringseveraldifferentlanguages.C.Havingricheditingexperience.D.Havingagreataffectionforskating.答案A解析细节理解题。根据Requirements部分中的“Abilitytoprioritize”可知，出版助理需要能够分清事情的轻重缓急。故选AoB（2019苏锡常镇四市高三学情调查 ）InFlorida,agroupofparentsknownas“thebreakmoms"hasbeenfightingtopassalawguaranteeingthestate'selementary-schoolstudentsatleast20minutesofdailyfreeplay.Inasurveyofschool-districtadministrators,roughlyathirdsaidtheirdistrictshadreducedoutdoorplayintheearly2000s.Disadvantagedkidshavebeenthemostlikelytobeshortchanged（克扣）.Accordingtoa2003study,just56percentofchildrenlivingatorbelowthepovertylinehadbreak,comparedwith83percentofthoseabovethepovertylineasimilardisparity（差异）existedbetweenblackchildrenandtheirwhitepeers.Thebenefitsofbreakmightseemobvious —timetorunaroundhelpskidsstayfit.Butalargebodyofresearchsuggeststhatitalsopromotescognition（认知）.Manystudieshavefoundthatregularexerciseimprovesmentalfunctionandacademicperformance.Andananalysisofstudiesthatfocusedspecificallyonbreakfoundpositiveassociationsbetweenphysicalactivityandtheabilitytoconcentrateinclass.Inoneseriesofexperiments,researcherscontrolledbreakstarttimes.Somedayschildrenwereletoutat10am,andotherdaysat10:30.Thekids'attentivenessdecreasedwhentheyhadtowaitlongerforbreak,andrefreshedthemselvesaftertheyplayed.Andwhenfourth-gradersinabreak-freeschoolweregivenaweeklybreak.Anothergroupofresearchersfoundthattheyhadaneasiertimestayingontaskandweremuchlessrestless.Theseexperimentalfindingsaresupportedbyananalysisof10,000questionnairesfilledoutbythird-gradeteachers：Evenasingle15-minutedailybreakwasconnectedwithmore-positiveratingsofclassroombehavior.Perhapsmostimportant,breakallowschildrentodesigntheirowngames,totesttheirabilities,torole-playandtosettletheirownconflicts -activitiesthatarekeytodevelopingsocialskillsandmanagingcomplicatedsituations.InitialresultsfromanongoingstudyinTexassuggestthatelementary-schoolchildrenwhoaregivenfour15-minutebreaksadayaresignificantlymoresympathetictowardtheirpeersthankidswhodon'tgetbreak.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论的是关于学生的 “休息”。“休息”允许孩子们设这些活动是发展社会计自己的游戏，测试他们的能力，角色扮演和解决他们自己的冲突这些活动是发展社会技能和管理复杂情况的关键。.Whatcauses“thebreakmoms"tostartafight?A.Pupilslackofoutdoorplay.B.Poorschoolmanagement.C.Absenceofeducationlaws.D.Inequalityamongstudents.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第——段中的 "...agroupofparentsknownas'thebreakmoms'hasbeenfightingtopassalawguaranteeingthestate'selementary-schoolstudentsatleast20minutesofdailyfreeplay.”可知，选A。14.Inoneseriesofexperiments,researchersfindthat.A.childrenbehavebetterwhenletoutearlierB.kidswaitinglongerareunabletostayfocusedagainC.third-gradershavedifficultyinfocusingontasksD.fourth-gradersaremoreconcentratedwithoutabreak答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的 "Inoneseriesofexperiments,researcherscontrolledbreakstarttimes.Somedayschildrenwereletoutat10am,andotherdaysat10：30.Thekids'attentivenessdecreasedwhentheyhadtowaitlongerforbreak,andrefreshedthemselvesaftertheyplayed.”可知，在一系列的实验中，研究人员发现，孩子们早一点被放出去会表现得更好。故选Ao.Whatcanweinferifwecanensurechildrenacertainamountofdailybreak?A.Theyescapefromlifeconflicts.B.Theymaystrengthendependence.C.Theyaremoreconsideratetowardsothers.D.Theyareeagertomanagecomplicatedsituations.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 "InitialresultsfromanongoingstudyinTexassuggestthatelementary-schoolchildrenwhoaregivenfour15-minutebreaksadayaresignificantlymoresympathetictowardtheirpeersthankidswhodon'tgetbreak.”可知，如果我们能保证孩子们每天有一定的休息时间，我们能推断出 “他们对别人更体贴”。故选Com.完形填空（2019南通泰州七市高三一调）WhenIwas13yearsold,Istoppedspeaking.I'mstillnotexactlysure16—IthinkIfeltthatwordsgotmeintotrouble.Theboysinmyclasswerealways17me,tellingmetoshutup.Oneday,I18intouncontrollablesobsbehindthesportshall.Sothroughoutmy19,Iclammedup-dealingwiththewiderworldonlyinwhispersandshrugs.Myisolation（孤立）ledtoindescribable20thatnothingcouldrelieve.Icouldn't21orsocialise.Then,at15,apsychologistsaw22inme—shesaidIwasintelligentbut23,andneededtochangeschoolsforafreshstart.Myparentssentmetoadifferentcomprehensive.IknewnooneandIhadthechanceto24myself.Cheeredbythepsychologist's25inme,Iworkedhardandbecameaswot（亥U苦学习的人）.Asaresult,myparentswere26.Finallyat20,Iwasreferredtoapsychiatristandhediagnosedmewithamildformofautism（自闭症）.Itwassucha（n）27toknowwhatwashappeningthatIcriedonthebusonthewayhome.Ittookafurtherfiveyearsto28again,adecisionthatwasasmuchasurprisetomeasitwastoeveryoneelse.I29myselfhard,