2019-2020年高中英语外研版必修5教学案：Module4SectionⅢGrammar-复习被动语态(含答案)

2019-2020年高中英语外研版必修5教学案：Module4SectionmGrammar一复习被动语态（含答案）课前自主领悟KEQIANZIZHULINQWU语法图解N动形苴表达被动意义主动语志变为被动语态被动语态使用被动语态的情况各种时念的被动语感形式N动形苴表达被动意义主动语志变为被动语态被动语态使用被动语态的情况各种时念的被动语感形式被动语态的特殊形式探究发现Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcostumes.Theywereputintoprisonbecausetheyhadbrokenthelaw.Today,carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary.Ithinktheproblemcanbesolvedsoon.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Hesaidallthetaskhadbeenfinishedbylastweek.Thiskindofclotheswasheseasilyandsellswell.［我的发现］(1)找出①〜⑦句中的被动语态结构①arebooked①arebooked②were_put_into_prison③iscelebrated®canbesolved⑤arebeingbroadcastswillbesent⑦hadbeenfinished（2）以上句子中，⑧鱼是用主动形式表示被动意义。KETANGYAODIANJINGXI被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。般来说，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态，不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态。一、使用被动语态的情况①不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者r②突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的《 执行者，用by短语表示③由于某种理由声口为了礼貌、婉转或便于组织句子 )而使用被动语态Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.怀特老师，那个装有混合液的杯子课后被打破了。Thenovelwaswrittenbyahighschoolstudent.这部小说是由一个高中生写的。［巧学助记］谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。二、各种时态的被动语态形式时态名称被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词过去将来时would+be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时had+been+过去分词［即时演练1］用所给动词的被动语态形式填空Morestudentswill_be_admitted(admit)tothisuniversitynextyear.Anewroadisbeingbuilt(build)andisexpectedtoopennextmonth.③(2015福建高考改编)Tomydelight,Iwaschosen(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.④Thiskindofchocolatehas_beenmade(make)severaltimessofar.Hesaidtheworkwouldbefinished(finish)inhalfanhour.⑥WhenIgottheretheworkhadbeendone(do).三、被动语态的特殊形式.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+ be+过去分词”Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.应该教给她如何操作电脑。.“get+动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。Theboygothurtwhenhewasridingtoschool.那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。.动词不定式的被动语态『①一般式tobedone：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之［后发生或与其同时发生②完成式tohavebeendone：表示不定式的动作发生在I谓语动作之前Thebookissaidtobepublishedsoon.据说这本书很快就会出版。Heseemedtohavebeentoldthebadnews.看起来已有人告诉过他这个坏消息了。即时演练2］完成句子①Allthelettersshould_be_answeredimmediately.所有信件均应立刻回复。Theoperationmust_be_qoneatonce.必须马上做手术。Nobodygothurt/injuredintheaccident.没有人在这次事故中受伤。④Thecomputerseemstohavebeenusedalready.Canyougivemeanewone?这台电脑好像已经被用过。你能给我一台新的吗？四、主动形式表达被动意义动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fall,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时,后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表达被动意义。Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.这栋建筑看上去很美。表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,open,stop,move等，用主动形式表达被动意义。Theshopopensat8:00inthemorningeveryday.商店每天上午八点开始营业。表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read,write,sell,wash,lock等，用主动形式表达被动意义。ThenewbookofGuoJingmingsellswell.郭敬明的新书卖得很好。beworth后跟动名词形式，用主动形式表达被动含义； need,want,require等词表示“需要 ”，且物作主语时，后接doing,用主动形式表达被动含义， 相当于tobedone。Themovieisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。Therumourneedsclarifying/tobeclarified.谣言需要澄清。betoblame或betolet也是主动形式表示被动意义。Heistoblameforthebrokenwindow.因为打破了窗户他应该受到责备。6.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义；动词不定式在名词后作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。Thiskindofwaterisn'tfittodrink.这种水不适合饮用。I'llgiveyousomethingtoread.我将给你一些东西读。[即时演练3](1)用所给词的适当形式填空Ihavealotofreadingsto_complete(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.②Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasantto_deal(deal)with.Withsomuchworkto_do(do),Ihavenotimetogotothecinema.④Theproblemisworthdiscussing(discuss)again.⑤Thesouptastes(taste)alittlesourandalittlesweet.(2)完成句子①Thatdriverwas_to_blamefortheaccident.那位司机应对此事故负责。②Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这座房子需要修理。Heisn'teasytogetalongwith.他不易相处。④Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。⑤Thematerialfeels_very_soft.这种材料摸起来很软。五、主动语态变成被动语态.将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语， 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者（有时by短语可以省略）。Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.老师让他回答问题。（变成被动语态）fHewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher..被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词+一般疑问句” 。Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?他们在哪儿种菜？（变成被动语态）fWherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语（人）变为主语，直接宾语（物）保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。Hetoldusastory.他给我们讲了一个故事。（变成被动语态）一Weweretoldastorybyhim.=Astorywastoldtousbyhim.Hermotherboughtheracomputer.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。 （变成被动语态）fAcomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.=Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother..若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语， 在变为被动语态时， 要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她将会照顾好这些孩子。（变成被动语态）fThechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.［即时演练4］将下列句子改为被动句Thechildrengavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.Thenewsofhissuddensuccessshockedusall.fWewereallshockedbythenewsofhissuddensuccess.Weexpectyoutofinishtheworkintime.一You_are_expected_to_finish_the_work_in_time.Hisfatherboughtacomputerforhimlastweek.Hewasboughtacomputerbyhisfatherlastweek./Acomputerwasboughtforhimbyhisfatherlastweek.Theykeptuswaitingforalongtime.fWewerekeptwaitingforalongtimebythem.课后强化训练.单句语法填空一Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Theroomsarebeingpainted(paint).Morepatientshavebeentreated(treat)inhospitalsincelastmonth.Shecalledusthatshewouldbedelayed(delay)andwouldarriveintwohours.Dowhatyouaretold(tell);otherwiseyouwillbepunished(punish).Booksofthiskindsell(sell)well.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It'sworthreading(read)asecondtime.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsthatroadconditionsneedimproving/tobeimproved(improve).Whenshewasillinhospital,herchildrenweretaken(take)careofbyaneighbour.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIgetpaid_(pay)onFriday.IsoonfoundthattheworkIwasdoinghad_been_done(do)byotherpeople.n.单句写作Sofarnothinghas_been_made_clearaboutthemeeting.到目前为止，有关会议的事情一点也没明确。Thosevillagesaresosmallthattheycan'tbeshownonthemaps.那些村子太小不可能标在地图上。Theproblemiseasy_to_solvewithhishelp.在他的帮助下，这个问题很容易解决。Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitsandvegetables.如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。Thefieldsarounduslookedlikeagoldenseawhenwewereinthecountryside.当我们到乡下时，我们周围的田野看起来像金色的海洋。Inbigcities,cleaningwomenusuallygetpaidbythehour.在大城市，女清洁工通常按小时得到报酬。m.短文改错Lastsummer,