小学英语课标系列培训

小学英语课标系列培训（语言知识部分语音、词汇篇）丰润区小学教研室杨翠金小学四年的英语教学，从Hello开始，让学生认识了26个字母，学习了几百个英文词汇，积累了很多阅读的技巧和方法，并尝试着用英语进行交流，更好地了解世界！下面，我们将整个小学阶段的英语知识以语音篇、词汇篇、语法篇、阅读篇和写作篇五个模块串联起来，五个模块在形式上循序渐进，内容上各成体系。无论是新授还是复习阶段，都能有效地帮助学生梳理已有的知识体系，为今后的英文学习奠定坚实的基础！语音篇语音学习是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调为学生有效的口语交际打下良好基础。语音学习帮助学生了解语音的特点和规律，帮助学生有效的模仿语音语调。语音学习和复习应该注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合，不能只追求单音的准确性。课标要求：正确读出26个英文字母。了解简单的拼读规律。了解单词有重音，句子有重读。了解英语语音包括连读、节奏、停顿、语调等现象。知识汇总一.26个字母的音形（三年级上册一三年级下册）

二.简单的拼读规律（三年级上册第三单元一五年级上册）从三上第3单元开始的语音内容出现，一直到五年级上册教材单元元音字母发音例词辅音字母例词三上第3单元a[ei]lakefacecakenamegame（匹|卜）late（六下）ppenpencilpolicemanpandaparentpeoplepictureplaceplantbbookboybluebrotherbrownblackbodybirthdaybusbrothertfoottiredtwoteachertenhotpartytallshortdcolddeskheadredfriendoldsaddoctor第4单元e[i：]heshekworkerkiteggirllegffourgiftfamilyfootfathervsevenfivevery（六下）visit（六下）三下第1单元i[ai]nine five tigerricelikemmouthswimfarmmonkeyminute（六下）ndancenose2

ninelleglakelonglikelate（六下）第2单元o[0]hellooldnosbussnakesevensoupsixteenseventeensport（六下）strong（六下）swim（六下）some（六下）zzoozeroxbox sixsixteen第3单元u[ju:]studentcomputeruse（五下）hhungryhandhorsewworkerwindowwelcomewear（六下）rrulerriverrice第4单元c[s]ricejuice[k]coldcowcatcryclose（六下）clever（六下）y[j]yellowyo-yoyouyour[ai]cryflytry（六下）比对monkeytwenty四上第1单元元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音3

a㈤capblacktaxiamatbackbagcancandydadbadblack（五年级上）fan（六下）e[e]dressredbedgethelpverynext（六下）tell（六下）exercise（六下）every（六下）leg（六上）lesson（六上）i[i]pigrivero[d]dogsockshotstopshopsong（六上）u[a]busduckbutmummuchrunupjump（五下）us（五下））第2单元sh[/]shirtshoesbrushshopshoeshortsship（六下）ch[t/]Chickenmuchlunch（六上）th[elthreeteeththirtythink（六上）[S]thesethisthentheretheythisthem第3单元tr[tr]treetrafficdr[dr]driverdrinkdrawdressck[k]duckchickenclock（六上）qu[kw]queenquacking[ig]morningeveningbring（六上）spring（六上）第4单元ts[ts]donutscatshatscoatsds[dz]kidsbedscardsreads（动词的单三式没学过，可以试着读出来）wh[w]whatwherewheelwhywhenwhitewr[r]writewrongwriter四下：二e元日字母组合四下四下第1单元ea[i：]meatreadseateaeasylead（新词）season（六上）[e]breadsweaterthreadheadbreath（新词）weatherheavy（六下）healthy（六下）breakfast（六上）oo_u:_zooschoolmooncool[u]booklookwoodgoodcook第2单元ir[：]firstthirddirty（六上）urnurseThursdayfurturn（五下）4

orworkwordworlder[]teacherworkerdriverdancerhamburgerfingernumbermonsterNovemberOctoberSeptemberweathersummer（六上）winter（六上）dinner（六上）第3单元ou[au]housecloudymousemouthbought（五下）owcowbrownflowerhownowdown（五下）snowar[a：]Marchfarstarparkcardmarkbarparty（六下）assclassgrassglass第4单元or［。：］shortfortycornouryourfourpouralwalktalkchalkcall（五上新词）五上第1单元ay[ei]dayplayhaypay（新词）airainwaitpaintnail（新词）anamefacedate第2单元ea[i：]teameatbeanplease（二卜）eeteethtreejeepfeelfeetmeetemewezebra第3单元igh[ai]lightnightfighthigh（六下）ybyflyskytry（六下）itimebikebite第4单元ow[so]knowslowelbowoacoatboatroadonosehomerosenote（新词）五下第1单元单词有重音第2单元第3单元句子中有连读第4单

元六上第1单元学生要熟悉句子的连读、重读和语调第2单元5个元音字母a、e、i、o、u的本音，就是在重读开音节中的读音1.元音字母与元音字母组合常见发音及例词。aa/岔/appleangryanimalbadbagbackblackcancandycapa-e/ei/cakefacegamelakelatemakenametakeaiemailrainwaittrainaydayplaysaywayar/a:/armartcarcardfarfarmfarmerparkpartystarassclassglassgrassee/e/eggdeskdressbedgethelplegnextpenredteneabreadsweaterheavy-e/i：/heshewemeeaeatreadspeakteaeefeelgreenmeetseesheepsleepstreetweekii/i/bigfishhimhispigkidmilksixshipsitswimi-e/ai/bikefindfinefivekitelikenicetimeighhighlightnightrightybybuycryflymytryir/：/dirtybirdbirthdayurnurseturnorwordworker//teacherdriveroo/d/boxclockdoghotnotorangebodyshopsocksongstopo-e/so/closeclothesnosenotehomeoacoatboatowcowbrowndownflowerhownowslowsnowou[au]housemousemouthoo/u:/coolmoonroomschooltoozoo/u/bookcookfootfootballgoodgoodbyelookor/o：/morningourouruu/A/busbutduckmuchmumrunsunusunderuncleumbrellau-e/ju：/studentcomputeruse62.辅音字母和辅音字母组合的常见发音。没有q的发音b--[b]c--[k]ck--[k]k--[k]ch--[t/]d--[d]ds--[dz]dr--[dr]f--[f]g--[g]h--[h]l--[l]m--[m]n--[n]p--[p]r--[r]s--[s]t--[t]ts--[ts]tr--[tr]th--[J]；[d]v [v]w--[w]wr--[wr]wh--[w]；[h]x--[ks]y--[j]z--[z]qu--[kw]ing--[ig]三.语音现象（五年级下册---六年级上册）.多音节单词的重音现象：'chicken'doctor.句子中的重读、停顿、节奏、连读和语调现象：'Jenny//is‘sitting//in^a\chair.复习建议一.找规律读字母，找出含有相同元音因素的字母：[a:]（1个）Rr[o]（1个）Oo[ai]（2个）IiYy[ju:]（3个）QqUuWw[ei]（4个）AaHhJjKk[e]（7个）FfLlMmNnSsXxZz[i:]（8个）BbCcDdEeGgPpTtVv顺口溜：1个[a:]来1个[u]；2个[ai]来3个[ju:]；4[ei]7[e]8个[i:]二.语音复习原则：音不离词，词不离句，句不离境。例如：eapeacheacheat-wmeat Eatyourmeatandeatyourpeach.情境串联：在具体语境中不断复现发音规律，了解发音规律、练习发音。[岔]:SamisthedadofMat.Matistheblackcat.Matisatthemap.Thebagisatthemaptoo. Thereisanapple,acandy,acapandafanonthemap.Mat [丁canstamp（踩）onthefanwiththecap.Mateatsthe_ appleandthecandy.Dadissadandangry! 一[ei:]：Trainisthenameofthesnake.OnedayhetakeshiscaketothelakeinMay.Onhiswaytothelakehewantstoeatthecakeandplaygameswiththetable.Hisfacehurts.Hesendsanemailtohisclassmate.Hewantstowaithisclassmateintherain.Hisclassmatecomesandmakesabigpaperplaneforhim.Trainlaysontheplaneandfeelshappy（自编）[a:]：Markisafamer.Hissonisapupil.Hissonandhisclassmatesalwaysplaycardsonhisfarm.Hissonhasfourclasses.Hedoesn'tlikeart.Hecann'tdrawwithoutglasses.Sohewantstogoforawalkonhisfarmer'sfarm.Healsolikestolieonthegrassandlooksattheclouds.（自编）[e]：Thereareteneggsandsomebreadonthedesk.Thelittlegirlinareddressandasweaterwantstoeatanegg.Thedeskistoohigh

andheavy.Thereisabednexttothedesk.Sothegirlwantsthebedtohelpher.Shegetsintothebedandgetsanegg.Sheisveryhappy.（自编）[i:]：Roseisagirlofeighteen.Shelooksbetweenfourteenandsixteen.Rosebeginstolearnsingingatthirteen.Shewantstobequeenatnineteen.Shelikestodrinkgreentea.Shelikestoeatvegetables.Shelooksveryhealthy.Shelookslikeasheep.（课程优化新整合）6.7.[o:]:Ourfriendswant[ai]：Mybike,mykite.Mybikeiswhite.Mykiteisnice.Ridemywhitebike.Flymynicekite.Ilikemywhitebike.Ilikemynicekite.tohaveafour-hourtourinsummer.6.7.[o:]:Ourfriendswant[ai]：Mybike,mykite.Mybikeiswhite.Mykiteisnice.Ridemywhitebike.Flymynicekite.Ilikemywhitebike.Ilikemynicekite.tohaveafour-hourtourinsummer.8.[:]：Mymotherisanurse.Sheworksinahospitalfarfrommyhouse.Sheneverdriveshomewithoutaword.Sheoftensaystoadirtybird“Happybirthday!”（自编）[d]：Tomhasadog.Thedoghasanorangetail.Oneday，Tomwentshoppingwiththedog.Heboughtadollandsocksforhisdog.Heboughtaclockandahotdogforhimself.Theywenthomewithsongs.Theyaregoodfriends.（自编）[u]：Joneshasafarm.Thereare10browncowsandmanybeautifulflowers.Somecowsdon’tknowhowtoplow（W地）.Jonesisshowingacowhowtoplow.Thecowistooslow.Hepicksastoneandthrowsittothecow.Thecowrushestothedoor.Jonesputsdoesn'tknowhowtodoonhiscoatandclosesthedoorofthefarm.Hetomorrow.课程优化新整合[u]Look!Hereisabook.Itisaverygoodbook!It'sabout/gocook.Oh,Iwanttohavealook. JWhereareyougoing,Mr.Cook?Iamgoingtobuyabookaboutcook.Whereareyougoing,MrWood?Iangoingtobuysomewood.That'sverygood.Let'sgoshoppingonfoot.AtnoonItookagoodbookAndsatbythepoolinthewood.Isoontook（）「「mvboot.Andputmvlootinthe 二Mdpool.Andputmy「（）（）1inthepool.OhHowcool,how -cool!课程优化新整合 一.3一[u：]：Whatdoyoudowithyourspoon?B:Iuseittoeatsoup.A:Whatfooddoyoulikesummer?Coolnoodles.A:Whodoesn'tliketogotoschool?B:Totellthetruth,soonwegotothezoo.A:Whydon’tyougotoschool?B:BecauseIhaveaflu..[]：Thesunistoohot.Theduckisrunningafterthebus.ButMumanduncleareundertheumbrella.（自编）.[d]：Theweatherthereisratherhot,neithermyfathernormymotherlikestheweatherthere.（自编）三.语音现象（一）句子的语调英语语调主要有升调“/"、降调“'”和平调“一”三大类。.陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句和感叹句一般读降调“、”。.一般疑问句通常读升调“/”.择疑问句语调模式为“升降”或“升升降”。如：Doyouwant/wateror\tea?Whatdoyouwantfor\dinner?/Rice,/noodlesor\dumplings?.运用重音和语调准确表达意思。如“Really?”用升调表达“真的吗？”表示说话人希望寻求确定的回答；用降调则表示“哦，是吗？”反映说话人对对方的话不屑一顾，不相信。（二）句子中的连读：在意义上关系非常密切的一组词中，如果前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往可以拼在一起读，使整句话如行云流水一般，这种现象叫做连读。例如：anegginfrontofgetuplookoutanorangeamapoflookatputonthereare（三）句子的重读在句子中需重读的词包括名词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等；不重读的词包括冠词、介词等。如：Theclassroomisbigandclean.（classroom是名词，big和clean是形容词，它们都要重读；the,is,and不重读。）（四）句子的停顿我们说英语的时候，需要分成两个或更多的部分，通过短暂停顿来调和呼吸。语音的停顿必须恰到好处，除了在有标点的地方停顿，还要注意按意群划分、停顿。如：Tomisgoingtoreadbooks//watchTV//andseeafilmthisweekend.词汇篇词汇是英语交流的基础，没有词汇就无法实现语言交流，所以词汇学习与复习更是小学英语教学的一个重要内容。词汇的记忆与积累更是提高学生听、说、读、写技能的前提和基础。小学阶段的词汇学习还要特别突出在语境中体会、理解词汇的发音、基本意义和用法。词汇教学的误区：.死记硬背枯燥乏味【教学片断】教师在示范领读了单词bread后要求学生进行如下拼读记忆。T:Readafterme.b-r-e-a-dbread.Ss:b-r-e-a-dbreadT:Again.b-r-e-a-dbread.Ss:….这种拼读记忆的方法在课堂教学中随处可见。学生虽然通过多次的拼读可以把单词暂时记忆下来，但这种死记硬背的方法效率低下。死记硬背只会让学生变成了留声机，变成了传声筒。苏霍姆林斯基反对让小孩子通过专门的反复的机械记忆去熟记什么东西。“死记硬背的产物和不良后果之一，就是书呆子气”。缺乏有效的学习策略的指导，学生很难掌握单词，特别是单词的拼写。今天记住，明天忘记的现象屡见不鲜。教师应该指导学生根据字母的发音规律来记忆单词。只有经过学生大脑加工、理解了的东西才能记得牢，并能灵活运用。.脱离语境，机械操练.重新授，轻复现.学而不用，机械抄写课标要求1、知道单词是由字母构成的。2、知道要根据单词的音、义、形来学习词汇。3、学习有关二级话题范围的600~700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语，并能初步运用400个左右的单词表达二级规定的相应话题。知识汇总按话题将课标中的二级基本词汇进行如下分类：1、个人情况boygirlmanwomanChinesetallshortstrongthinyoungoldbigsmalllonglittleheavyclevergoodbadkindlatefinenicebusysadhappytiredafraidangryinterestingwonderfuldoctordriverfarmernursepupilteacherworkerIheshetheyyoumeherhimthemmyyourhisherusMissMrMrsMs2、家庭与朋友familyfrienddadfathermothergrandmothergrandfathermumparentchildkiduncleauntbrothersistercousinbaby3、身体与健康bodyarmeareyefacefoot(feet)hairhandheadlegmouthnoseillhungryhealthyfeelexercise4、学校与日常生活schoolEnglishmathsscienceChinesescienceclasslessonpenpencilrulerschoolbagbagbookcardstarboxcrayonfreeflowergrassplaygroundblackboardcomputerfanwindowlightTVbedchairclockdoorfloordeskmapphotopicturetoyumbrellatablekitchenroomfarmhospitallibraryparkpoliceshopstreetsupermarkettoiletzooriverlakehousebikebuscarplaneshiptaxitraincookdrinkeatfindflyheargethelphavelistenlivelooklovemakemeetopenplantplayputreadsayseesitsleepanswerbeginbuycrybringaskgivecomeknowtalktakestudystopspeakclosetellthinktraveltryturnstandworkworrywritecleandirtyearlynewoftensometimesalwaystodaytomorrowyesterdaymorningafternooneveningnight10hellohiwelcomesorrypleasethankgreatgoodbye5、文体活动artballbasketballfootballdancemusicPErunsingsongsportjumpkitedrawswim6、节假日holiday7、饮食foodbreadcakecandychickeneggicecreamricenoodlefishsoupvegetablepotatotomatofruitapplebananaorangebreakfastlunchdinnerdrinkteawaterjuicemilk8、服装clothesshirtcapshoeshortsskirtsocksweatertrouserscoatdress9、季节与天气seasonspringsummerautumnwinterweathercloudysunnywindywarmhotcoolcoldrainsnow10、颜色colourblackbluebrowngreenorangeredwhiteyellow11、动物animalbearelephanttigermonkeypandabirdcatfishcowdogduckhorsepigsheep12、其他behindbesidebetweennextinonunderthisthatthesethosewhatwhenwherewhowhywhosehowheretheremanysomemuch复习建议课标解读（53页）中说明：小学阶段的英语词汇教学应突出词汇教学的过程，包括教师教的过程和学生学的过程，特别是要突出学生在语境中体会、理解词汇的发音、基本意义和用法，避免机械的记忆词汇。基于语音篇中在语境中了解、体会并熟悉了简单的拼读规律，在词汇的复习中也提出如下复习建议：第一阶段：通过游戏等不同层次的活动，记忆词汇；第二阶段：通过词汇在具体语境中复现，进一步体会词汇的音、义、形用法；初步运用词汇；记忆词汇：一.游戏记忆：ChainGame：主要复习名词词群。在同一话题下开展词汇的复习活动，帮助学生快速复习多组词汇，还可以训练学生的注意力和记忆力，充满了趣味性和挑战性，极大地提高学生的学习效率。具体操作：4-5人一个小组内进行，时间大约10分钟，在规定话题内，先由一个同学说出一个句子，第二个同学在这个句子的基础上再加一个词，依此类推。例如：家庭与朋友话题中S1:Thisismymother.S2:Thisismymotherandfather.S3:Thisismymother，fatherandbrother.S4:Thisismymother，father，brotherandme.或者S1:Ilikemygrandfather.S2:Ilikemygrandfatherandgrandmother.S3:Ilike….etc.ClapinRhythm：可以复习多个词群。具体操作：5-6人一个小组，时间大约15分钟，请学生坐成一个圆圈，老师先11

带着学生打一下拍子，拍两下腿，在拍两下手，形成1234这样的韵律，接着老师给学生一个话题，请学生依次在拍手的两拍中说出这个话题下的一个词汇。这个活动的难度还可以再加大一些，学生拍两次腿，再分别用左手和右手打两次响指，老师给学生两个话题，学生左手打响指的时候，说出其中一个话题下的词汇，右手打响指的时候，说出另一个话题下的词汇。例如：季节与天气：第一轮拍腿拍手时，学生依次说出不同天气：sunnywindycloudysnowyrainy；第二轮拍腿后打响指就可以说出与天气相关的感受：S1：sunny（左手响指时）warm（右手响指时）；S2：windy（左手响指时）cool（右手响指时）；S3：snowycold；rainyhot；第三轮还可以加上与季节相应的活动。Cuckoo：这个游戏将巧妙地帮助学生练习词汇在语境中的使用，既复习了词汇，也充分发挥学生的创造力。具体操作：适合全班活动。首先老师请一位学生站到前面，面向学生，老师将某一个话题下的一个词写在黑板上，台下的学生使用这个词造句，但是每次用到这个词时不要说出来，而是用cuckoo来代替这个词，台上的学生要根据台下学生的提示来猜出这个词。在这个活动中，老师可以同时邀请两个同学到台前猜词，可以作为两个竞争者，看谁先猜出这个词。例如：黑板上写着supermarket，台下学生说：Wecanbuysomefruitsincuckoo.台上同学猜出：supermarket.Wordbank：注重对学生发散性思维的培养，源源不断的词汇储备，让学生的小词库丰富起来。具体操作：适合全班活动。首先将某一话题的主题词汇竖着写在黑板的左侧，让fatheraand学生进行头脑风暴，写出与本主题相关的词汇，并且要用主题词汇的某一个字母作为首字母。例如fatheraand伙sciencecclasshistoryobjectOxford\l/lesson

father,mothermmother[lhistoryobjectOxford\l/lesson

father,mothermmother[ll love" yandyoungersister.youngersister(brother)Ilovemy相似游戏：请用下面图片的第一个字母组成一个新的单词，看谁写得最快最好。（English）二.分类记忆。按课标二级话题分类记忆。如：把名词分为动物、植物、颜色、水果、食物、家庭成员、人体部位、学习用具、季节、文体活动等；把动词分为系动词、助动词、行为动词和情态动词等。按同音词分类。如：see—sea,no—know,to-too,wear-where,flour-flower按反义词分类。如：long—short,young—old,come—go,big-small,win-lose12三.加法记忆。就是把两个或几个各自独立的单词并到一起组成一个新的单词，通过记忆各自独立的单词来记忆整体的方法。如：snow（雪）+ball（球）=snowball（雪球）class+room=classroombed+room=bedroom四.联想与创造记忆。使用关联工具和记忆钩。可以培养学生认为的制造一个语境，把某些词汇和短语联系起来，形成自己有效的记忆术。例如：词汇seebeetreefreethreedegreekneecoffeeThisisabee.Thatisatree.Itiseasytosee.Thisisabee.Thebeeisfree.Thatisatree.Itisacoffeetree.Thisisafreebee.Thatisacoffeetree.Thefreebeeisthree.Thefreebeeisinthecoffeetree.Thefreebeeisinthecoffeetree.Thefreebeeissittingonthecoffeetree'sknee.Thefreebeehasadegree.Itiseasytosee.Doyouagree?初步运用词汇：词不离句，句不离境（篇）。通过阅读学词汇是学英语最有效的途径之一。.季节与天气Therearefourseasons.Theyarespring,summer,autumn,winter.Welikespring.Welikeit whenit is sunny.We can playattheseaside.Welikeautumn.Welikeit whenit is windy.We can flykitesinthewind.Welikesummer.Welike itwhen it israiny. Wecanplayinthepuddles.Ilovepuddles!Welike itwhen it iscloudy. It isnottoohot.Welikewinter.Welikeitwhenitissnowy.Wecanmakeasnowman.Iliketomakesnowballs.Welikeitwhenitisfrosty.Wecanseespiderwebsinthefrost.（大猫英语）.动物A.Petsliketoplay.Playingkeepsthemhealthyandhappy.MycatMoggylovestoplay!Herearesometoysforpets.Whoplayswithamouselikethis?Thiscatloveshertoymouse!Itlikestocatchthemouse.Whoplayswithaballlikethis?Ifyouthrowtheball,thedogrunsafterit.Thenitbringstheballback.Whoplaysonaswinglikethis?Thebudgiesitsontheswingandholdsonwithitsfeet.Whoplaysinahouselikethis?Ant'shamsterwouldlovethis!Itrunsinandoutofthewindowanddoor.Wholikestoplayonawheel?Themouserunsonthewheel.Itturnsthewheelwithitsfeet.Allpetsliketoplay.Itkeepsthemhealthyandhappy.Doyouhaveapet?（王蔷主编：领先阅读）B.Iwasborn（出生于）inasmallriver.WhenIwasyoung,theriverwasmyhome.Ididnotknowmyparents,butIhavemanybrothersandsisters.Iswamaboutandplayedalldaywiththem.AtthattimeIdidnotlooklikemyparents.Ihadnolegs,butIhadalongtail.SoIlookedlikeafish.Thenmytailbecameshorterandshorter.AndnowIhavefourlegsandaveryshorttail.IknowI,mgoingtohavenotailatallsoon.I'mgoingtobelikemy13

parents.ThenI'mgoingtojumpoutofthewater.Imgoingtoliveonthelandandinthewatertoo.I,mgoingtoeatmany--manybadinsects.WhatamI?课程优化新整合C.AbeeandabirdAbeewentariverodrink.Asitwasdrinkingitwascarriedawaybytherunningwater，Akindbirdsawthebee'sdanger.Itpickedaleafoffatreeandthrewitintothewaterinfrontofthebee.Thebeewasabletoclimbontotheleaf，anditwasbroughttothebank.Thebeethankedthebirdandthenflewaway.Severaldayslater，thebirdwassittinginthetree.Itdidnotseeamanaiminghisgunatit.Butthebeesawwhatthemanwasdoing.Sothebeeflewintotheman'seyes.Themancouldn'tseethebirdclearlyandwasnotabletoshootit.Thebirdflewaway.Inthisway，boththebirdandthebeewereabletosaveeachother'slives.课程优化新整合.饮食、文体活动、身体与健康Howtokeephealthy?Everybodywantstobehealthy.Youknowfoodisveryimport