骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs专家讲座

TheBonesofLimbsdownDepartmentofAnatomy

Yunyangmedicalcollege

骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第1页目标和要求

1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨位置和形态及上、下肢骨主要体表标志。2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨位置和排列。downUp骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第2页

Eachlimbhasagirdleandthreesegments.Intheupperlimb,thesearetheshouldergirdle,theupperarm,theforearmandthehand.Inthelowerlimb,thosearethepelvicgirdle,thethigh,thelegandthefoot.骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第3页一、Thebonesofupperlimbs

Thebonesofupperlimbsincludeshouldergirdle上肢带骨andthebonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨.

Theshouldergirdleconsistoftheclavicle锁骨andthescapula肩胛骨

骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第4页

Thebonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨includetheboneofupperarm(humerus肱骨),thebonesoftheforearm(theradius桡骨andulna尺骨)andthebonesofhand(thecarpalbones腕骨,metacarpalbones掌骨andphalanges指骨)一、Thebonesofupperlimbs骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第5页1.The

clavicle锁骨TheClavicleisS-shapedandcurvedrodofbone.Themedial2/3oftheboneisconvexforwardwhereasthelateral1/3isconcaveforward.(一)Theshouldergirdle上肢带骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第6页Theroundedmedial(orsternal胸骨端)endjiontsthesternum.Theflattenedlateral(oracromial肩峰端)endjointsthescapula.1.The

clavicle锁骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第7页Theweakestpartoftheclavicleisatthejunctionofthemiddleandlateralthirds.1.The

clavicle锁骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第8页Thescapulahasthreeborders,threeanglesandtwosurfaces.threebordersSuperior:scapularnotch肩胛切迹coracoidprocess喙突Lateral(axillary)border腋缘Medial(vertebral)border脊柱缘2.The

scapula肩胛骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第9页ThreeanglesSuperior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:

oppositetothe7thribLateral:glenoidcavity关节盂

2.Thescapula肩胛骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第10页TwosurfacesAnteriorsurface:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:supraspinousfossa冈上窝infraspinousfossa冈下窝spineofscapula肩胛冈acromion肩峰2.The

scapula肩胛骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第11页

Thehumerusisthelongestandlargestboneoftheupperlimb.Ithasabodyandtwoends.Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨头anatomicalneck解剖颈greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节surgicalneck外科颈1.Thehumerus肱骨（二）Thebonesoffreeupperlimbs骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第12页骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第13页Shaft:1.deltoidtuberosity

三角肌粗隆2.sulcusfor

radialnerve

桡神经沟1.The

humerus肱骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第14页骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第15页Lowerend:capitulum肱骨小头trochlea肱骨滑车coranoidfossa冠突窝radialfossa桡窝

olecranonfossa鹰嘴窝

lateralandmedialepicondyles内、外上髁sulcusfor

ulnarnerve尺神经沟1.The

humerus肱骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第16页Theradiusisthelateralboneofthetwointheforearm.Ithasashaftandtwoends.Upperend:headofradius桡骨头neckofradius桡骨颈Lowerend:styloidprocess桡骨茎突ulnarnotch尺切迹

carpalarticularsurface腕关节面2.Theradius

桡骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第17页Fractureofthedistalendoftheradius

骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第18页Theulnaliesmedialtotheradiusintheforearm.Itisalsoalongbonewithtwoendsandashaft.Upperend:olecranon鹰嘴coronoidprocess冠突trochlearnotch滑车切迹

Lowerendstyloidprocess尺骨茎突headofulna尺骨头3.Theulnar

尺骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第19页骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第20页Carpalbones腕骨舟月三角豆大小头状钩Metacarpalbones掌骨Phalangesoffingers指骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第21页二、ThebonesofLowerLimbThelowerlimbwhichissimilartotheupper,isconnectedtothetrunkbyagirdle,thepelvicgirdle,thefreelowerlimbisdividedintothreesegments,thethigh,thelegandthefoot.骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第22页

Thepelvicgirdleisformedbyahipbone髋骨oneachside.Theboneofthethighisthefemur股骨.Thebonesofthelegarethemedialtibia胫骨andthelateralfibula腓骨.Thebonesofthefootarecomposedofthreeparts,thetarsalbones跗骨,themetatarsalbones跖骨,thephalanges趾骨二、ThebonesofLowerLimb骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第23页Hipbone

Thehipboneofanewbornconsistsofthreecomponents:

ilium髂骨,ischium坐骨,pubis耻骨(一）Thepelvicgirdle下肢带骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第24页骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第25页Bodyofilium髂骨体

Alaofilium髂骨翼iliaccrest髂嵴anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘tubercleofiliaccrest髂结节1.Theilium髂骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第26页posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切迹iliacfossa髂窝arcuateline弓状线1.Theilium髂骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第27页2.Theischium坐骨Bodyofischium坐骨体,

ischialspine坐骨棘,lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium坐骨支,ischialtuberosity坐骨结节骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第28页3.Thepubis耻骨Bodyofpubis耻骨体iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis耻骨上支:pectenofpubis耻骨梳pubictubercle耻骨结节pubiccrest耻骨嵴symphysialsurface耻骨联合面Inferiorramusofpubis耻骨下支obturatorforamen闭孔骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第29页Acetabulum髋臼―formedbybodiesofischium,iliumandpubisLunatesurface月状面,acetabularfossa髋臼窝,acetabularnotch髋臼切迹骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第30页

1.Thefemur

股骨Thefemuristhelongestandheaviestboneinthebodyandconsistsofashaftandtwoends(二)ThebonesoffreeLowerLimb骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第31页Upperend:femoralhead股骨头foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹neckoffemur股骨颈greatertrochanter大转子lessertrochanter小转子intertrochantericline转子间线intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴

1.Thefemur

股骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第32页Fractureofthefemoralneck骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第33页Shaft:lineaaspera粗线glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆pectinealline耻骨肌线

poplitealsurface腘面

1.Thefemur

股骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第34页Lowerend:medialandlateralcondyles内、外侧髁medialandlateralepicondyles内、外上髁adductortubercle收肌结节intercondylarfossa髁间窝patellarsurface髌面

1.Thefemur

股骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第35页Thepatellaisasesamoidbone,about5cmindiameter,whichislocatedinthefrontofthekneejoint,embeddedinthetendonofthequadricepsfemoris.Itisaflattend,ovalbonewithanapexdownwards.Theposteriorsurfaceofthepatellacontainstwoarticularsurfacesforthemedialandlateralcondylesofthefemur.2.Thepatella髌骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第36页Thetibiaisthelargerandmedialboneoftheleg.Ithasashaftandtwoends.Upperend:medialandlateralcondyles内、外侧髁intercondylareminence髁间隆起fibulararticularsurface腓关节面tuberosityoftibia胫骨粗隆3.Thetibia胫骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第37页Shaft:solealline比目鱼肌线Lowerend:fibularnotch腓切迹medialmalleolus内踝3.Thetibia胫骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第38页

Thefibulaislocatedonthelateralsideofthetibia.Upperend:fibularhead腓骨头,neckoffibula腓骨颈Lowerend:

lateralmalleolus外踝4.Thefibula腓骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第39页骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第40页Tarsalbones

跗骨

距跟舟三楔骰

Metatarsalbones跖骨Phalangesoftoes趾骨骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第41页Question

theclavicleandthescapula.

上页下页

1．Whatbonesmakeuptheshouldergirdle？

the

hipbone髋骨,thefemur股骨,thetibia胫骨thefibula腓骨,thetarsalbones跗骨themetatarsalbones跖骨,thephalanges趾骨2．Whatbonescomprisethelowerlimb？

骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第42页UpSummary骨科重要体表标志TheBonesofLimbs第43页小结Thebonesofupperlimbsincludeshouldergirdle上肢带骨andthebonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨.Theshouldergirdleconsistof

theclavi