2023年考研外语模拟卷7

考研外语模拟卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Lowlevelsofliteracyandnumeracyhaveadamagingimpactonalmosteveryaspectofadults,accordingtoasurveypublishedyesterday,whichoffers(1)_____ofadevelopingunderclass.Testsand(2)_____withhundredsofpeopleborninaweekin1958graphicallyillustratedfile(3)_____ofeducationalunderachievement.Theeffectscanbeseeninunemployment,family(4)_____,lowincomes,depressionandsocialinactivity.

Thosewholeftschoolat16withpoorbasicskillshadbeenemployedforUPtofouryearslessthangoodreaders(5)_____theyreached37.ProfessorJohnBynner,ofCityUniversity,whocarriedtheresearch,saidthattoday's(6)_____teenagerswouldevenencountergreaterproblemsbecausethesupplyof(7)_____jobshadshrunk.

Almostonefifthofthe1,700peopleinterviewedforyesterday'sreporthadpoorliteracyandalmosthalf(8)_____withinnumeracy,aproportion(9)_____othersurveysfortheBasicSkillsAgency.Somecouldnotreadachild'sbook,andmostfounddifficult(10)_____writteninstruction.

Poorreadersweretwiceaslikelytobealowwageandfourtimeslikelytoliveinahouseholdwherepartnersworked.Womeninthis(11)_____werefivetimesaslikelytobe(12)_____depressed,(13)_____bothtendedtofeeltheyhadnocontrolovertheirlives,andtotrustothers(14)_____.

Thosewhohadlowliteracyandnumeracywereseldom(15)_____inanycommunityorganizationandlesslikelythanothersto(16)_____inageneralelection.Therehadbeenno(17)_____intheliterarylevelof(18)_____.

AlanWells,theagency'sdirector,said:"Theresultsemphasizethedangersofdevelopinganunderclasspeople,whowereoutofwork,(19)_____depressedandoftenlabeledthemselvesas(20)_____.Thereisacircleofmarginalization,withthediceagainstthesepeopleandtheirfamilies."

A.proof

B.witness

C.testimony

D.evidence

2、(2)

A.investigations

B.interviews

C.conferences

D.communications

3、(3)

A.defect

B.backwardness

C.handicap

D.scarcity

4、(4)

A.breakdown

B.breakout

C.breakaway

D.breakin

5、(5)

A.thetime

B.theinstant

C.themoment

D.thepoint

6、(6)

A.illiterate

B.suffering

C.poor

D.unqualified

7、(7)

A.skilled

B.mental

C.manual

D.mechanical

8、(8)

A.struggled

B.faced

C.encountered

D.confronted

9、(9)

A.inlightof

B.inlinewith

C.incaseof

D.intimeof

10、(10)

A.translating

B.complying

C.following

D.obeying

11、(11)

A.post

B.condition

C.status

D.position

12、(12)

A.classified

B.thought

C.believed

D.labeled

13、(13)

A.and

B.while

C.for

D.but

14、(14)

A.more

B.much

C.less

D.little

15、(15)

A.revolved

B.dissolved

C.resolved

D.involved

16、(16)

A.claim

B.join

C.vote

D.win

17、(17)

A.improvement

B.advancement

C.development

D.increase

18、(18)

A.employees

B.interviewees

C.participants

D.researchers

19、(19)

A.hardly

B.seriously

C.increasingly

D.potentially

20、(20)

A.failures

B.winners

C.successors

D.patients

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Ifyouhaveeverlongedforameatsubstitutethatsmeltandtastedliketherealthing,butdidnotinvolvekillingananimal,thenyourordercouldbereadysoon.Researchersbelieveitwillsoonbepossibletogrowculturedmeatinquantitieslargeenoughtoofferthemeatindustryanalternativesourceofsupply.

Growingmusclecells(themaincomponentofmeat)inanutrientbrothiseasy.Thedifficultyispersuadingthosecellstoform.somethingthatresemblesrealmeat.PaulKosnik,theheadofengineeringatafirmcalledTissueGenesis,ishopingtodoitbystretchingthecellswithmechanicalanchors.Thisencouragesthemtoform.smallbundlessurroundedbyconnectivetissue,anarrangementsimilartorealmuscle.

RobertDennis,abiomedicalengineerattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,believesthesecretofgrowinghealthymuscletissueinalaboratoryistounderstandhowitinteractswithitssurroundings.Innature,tissuesexistaselementsinalargersystemandtheydependonothertissuesfortheirsurvival.Withoutappropriatestimulifromtheirneighbourstheydegenerate.DrDennisandhisteamhavebeenworkingontheseneighbourlyinteractionsforthepastthreeyearsandreportsomesuccessinengineeringtwoofthemostimportant—thosebetweenmusclesandtendons,andmusclesandnerves.

AttheTouroCollegeSchoolofHealthSciencesinNewYork,MorrisBenjaminsonandhisteamareworkingonremovinglivingtissuefromfish,andthengrowingitinculture.Thisapproachhastheadvantagethatthetissuehasafunctioningsystemofbloodvesselstodelivernutrients,soitshouldbepossibletogrowtissueculturesmorethanamillimetrethick—thecurrentlimit.

HenkHaagsman,ameatscientistattheUniversityofUtrechtintheNetherlands,istryingtomakemincedporkfromculturedstemcellswiththebackingofStegeman,asausagecompany.Itcouldbeusedinsausages,burgersandsauces.

Butwhywouldanyonewanttoeatculturedmeat,ratherthansomethingfreshlyslaughteredandjustoffthebone?Oneanswer,tomixmetaphors,isthatitwouldallowvegetarianstohavetheirmeatloafandeatittoo.Butthesausage-meatprojectsuggestsanotherreason:hygiene.AsIngridNewkirkofPETA,ananimal-rightsgroup,putsit,"noonewhoconsiderswhat'sinameathotdogcouldgenuinelyexpressanyreluctanceateatingacleanclonedmeatproduct."

Culturedmeatcouldbegrowninsterileconditions,avoidingSalmonella,E.coliandothernasties.Itcouldalsobemadehealthierbyadjustingitscomposition—introducingheart-friendlyomega-3fattyacids,forexample.Youcouldeventakeacellfromanendangeredanimaland,withoutthreateningitsextinction,makemeatfromit.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,weknowthat

A.meatgrowninlab,ratherthanintheform.ofanimals,couldsoonbeonthemenu.

B.culturedmeatmaytasteastheyarenewlyproduced.

C.itishardtoculturethemaincomponentofmeatintotheform.ofcells.

D.bystretchingthecellswithmechanicalanchors,wecangetconnectivetissues.

2、

RobertDennisthinksthat

A.beingelementsinalargersystem,tissuescanhardlylivewithothers'dependence.

B.thekeytogrowhealthymuscletissuesistolearntheinfluencebetweendifferenttissues.

C.themostimportantsuccessoftheirstudyistofindouttissueengineering.

D.tissueswilldeclineinqualityiftheyareaffectedbytheirneighbours.

3、

TheresearchmethodofMorrisBenjaminsonandhisteam

A.istoculturelivingtissueinfish.

B.issimilarwiththeworkattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.

C.enablestissueculturestogrowbeyondthethicknesslimitedfornow.

D.makesitpossibletouseculturedmeatinsausages,burgersandsauces.

4、

Whatcanbethereasonofpeopleeatingculturedmeatinsteadoftherealthing?

A.meatthatisjustofftheboneisnottastyenoughforsomepeople.

B.vegetariansmayconsumemeatproductfromthesausage-meatproject.

C.clonedmeatproductismorehygienicandhealthier.

D.culturedmeatcanbeeatentogetridofcertaindiseases.

5、

Accordingtothelastsentence,wecaninferthat

A.someendangeredanimalsmaysurviveforalongtime.

B.giant-pandasteakispossibletobecookedinthefuture.

C.wecanchangethecompositionofmeataswelike.

D.thenewtechnologywillnotreducethequantityofcells.

6、IfBillGateseverhadreasontodoubtthatthebrashyoungbillionairesofGooglewereouttogethim,thetimeforsuchuncertaintyisnowofficiallyover.Lastmonth'sdramaticallyrevisedversionofitsprogramGoogleDesktopisagloveslapacrossthefaceofMicrosoft'sfabledchiefsoftwarearchitect.ObviouslyGoogle'supdatetoaprevioustoolthatsearchedpeople'sharddrivesinadditiontotheusuallightning-quicksurveyoftheentireWorldWideWeb,GoogleDesktop2turnsouttobeanot-so-stealthyattempttohijackthedesktopfromMicrosoft.AndinamovethatmustbeparticularlygallingtoGates,theprogramdoesitinawaythatdirectlystealsthunderfromMicrosoft'supcomingWindowsupdate,Vista.

Specifically,I'mtalkingaboutGoogle'sfeaturecalledSidebar,astackofsmallwindowsthatsitonthesideofthescreenanddynamicallydrawonWebandpersonalinformationtotrackthingslikeweather,stockprices,youre-mail,yourphotos,recentlyopeneddocumentsandWebdestinations.Severalyearsago,demonstratinganearlyversionofVista,Microsoftproudlyshowedacolumnofon-screen"tiles"thatdidthesamekindsofthings.Microsoft'snameforthisupcomingfeature(whichitstillplanstoincludeinVistawhenitshipsinlate2022):Sidebar.

That'snotall.GoogleproductmanagerNakhilBhatlaexplainsthatanotherpurposeofDesktopistousethesearchboxtoquicklylocateprogramsandfilesthatyouwanttoopen—bypassingtheWindowswayofclickingonaniconorusingtheStartmenu.

Clearly,GoogleissquattingonMicrosoft'sturf,askinguserstoliveinitsenvironmentasopposedtoBill's.Microsoftstillbelievesthatthecentralpointofpersonalcomputingisproductivity.That'swhythedesktopsearchinVistawilllimititselftoprobingtheuser'sharddisk.Microsoft'sexplanationforthisapproachisthatmixingWeb-searchresultswithhitsfromyourowninformationisjusttooconfusing.Thingsgomoreefficiently,thetheorygoes,whenyourpersonaldatapondissegregatedfromtheoceanofinformationdatalocatedelsewhereintheworld.(MicrosoftoffersWebsearchasaseparateprogram.)

Incontrast,GoogleDesktopsearchesbringresultsfromeverywhere—yourharddisk,youremailandbillionsofWebsites.That'sbecausetheGooglemissionisorganizingandmanagingalltheworld'sinformation."Youshouldn'thavetothinkaboutwheretheinformationcomesfrom,"saysGoogleVPSusanWojcicki.ThoughGoogle-sitesacknowledgedifficultiesinmergingthepersonalwiththepublic,theircorebeliefisthattheessenceof21st-centurycomputingspringsfromtheconnectivitythatallowsallhumanknowledge,frombookstoinstantmessages,tobepotentiallyshared.

AsGoogletriestoannexnewinformationflows,itincreasinglyrunssmackagainstissuesofprivacy,copyrightandcensorship.That'sonepartofGoogle'schallenge.TheotherwillbefendingoffBillGates,undoubtedlydeterminedtoprovethathisvisionofcomputingstilldominates.

Fromthefirstsentencewecaninferthat

A.themanagersofGoogleareimpolite.

B.thereisnolongeruncertaintyaboutMicrosoft'sprecedence.

C.itistruethatnowGoogleissurpassingMicrosoft.

D.BillGatesbeginstothinkGoogleashisopponent.

7、

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatismostannoyingtoGates?

A.GoogleintroducedthenewprogramofGoogleDesktop.

B.GoogleDesktop2competesdirectlywithWindows'Vista.

C.Google'supdatecanalsosearchtheharddrivesnow.

D.GoogleDesktop2isnotstealthyenoughinrivalingwithMicrosoft.

8、

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSidebar?

A.ItisapileofsmalliconsinthemiddleofthescreeninGoogle.

B.EverythingcanbesearchedwiththeMicrosoft'ssidebarnow.

C.MicrosofthasSidebar,sodoesGoogle.

D.Microsoft'ssidebarismadeupofapileof"tiles".

9、

Bysaying"squattingonMicrosoft'sturf",theauthormeansthat

A.GoogleistakingupthemarketshareofMicrosoft.

B.MicrosoftisnotasefficientasGoogle.

C.forMicrosoft,everythingdevelopsmorequickly.

D.themixtureofGoogle'sinformationbringsconfusion.

10、

WhichoneistrueaboutGoogleDesktopsearch?

A.Itisaseparateprogram.

B.Theprogramiseasytomergethepersonalwiththepublic.

C.Itonlyprobestheuser'sharddisk.

D.Ittriestomanageinformationfromallovertheworld.

11、Themythologyofaculturecanprovidesomevitalinsightsintothebeliefsandvaluesofthatculture.Byusingfantasticandsometimesincrediblestoriestocreateanoraltraditionbywhichtoexplainthewondersofthenaturalworldandteachlessonstoyoungergenerations,asocietyexposesthoseideasandconceptsheldmostimportant.Justasimportantasthefinallessontobegatheredfromthestories,however,arethecharactersandtherolestheyplayinconveyingthatmessage.

PerhapstheepitomeofmythologyanditsuseasatooltopassonculturalvaluescanbefoundinAesop'sFables,toldandretoldduringtheeraoftheGreekEmpire.Aesop,aslavewhowonthefavorofthecourtthroughhisimaginativeanddescriptivetales,almostexclusivelyusedanimalstofilltherolesinhisshortstories.Humans,whenatallpresent,almostalwaysplayedthepartofbumblingfoolsstrugglingtolearnthelessonbeingpresented.ThischoiceofcharacterizationallowsustoseethattheGreeksplacedwisdomonalevelslightlybeyondhumans,implyingthatdeepwisdomandunderstandingisauniversalqualitysoughtby,ratherthanstealingfrom,humanbeings.

Aesop'sfablesillustratedthecentralthemesofhumilityandself-reliance,reflectingtheimportanceofthosetraitsinearlyGreeksociety.Thefollyofhumanswasusedtocontrastagainsttheultimategoalofattainingahigherlevelofunderstandingandawarenessoftruthsaboutnatureandhumanity.Forexample,onenotablefablefeaturesafoxrepeatedlytryingtoreachabunchofgrapesonaveryhighvine.Afterfailingatseveralattempts,thefoxgivesup,makingupitsmindthatthegrapeswereprobablysouranyway.Thefable'slesson,thatweoftenplaydownthatwhichwecan'tachievesoastomakeourselvesfeelbetter,teachesthereaderorlistenerinanentertainingwayaboutoneoftheweaknessesofthehumanpsyche.

ThemythologyofotherculturesandsocietiesrevealtheunderlyingtraitsoftheirrespectiveculturesjustasAesop'sfablesdid.ThestoriesofRomangods,AztecghostsandEuropeanelvesallservedtotrainancientgenerationsthoselessonsconsideredmostimportanttotheircommunity,andtodaytheyofferapowerfullookingglassbywhichtoevaluateandconsiderthecontextualenvironmentinwhichthosecultureexisted.

Theauthorappearstoviewfablesas

A.themostinterestingandvaluableform.ofmythology.

B.anentertainingform.withserioussubjects.

C.atoolofpastcivilizations,butnotoftenusedinthemodernage.

D.anessentialmethodbywhichancientvaluesweretransmittedbetweengenerations.

12、

Thewaythatfableswereusedinthepastismostsimilartotoday's

A.fairytalesthatentertainchildrenathome.

B.storiesinchildren'sschooltextbooksthatreinforcethelesson.

C.sciencedocumentariesthatexplainhownatureworks.

D.moviesthatdepictanimalsashavinghumancharacteristics.

13、

Paragraph3mainlydiscusses

A.howAesop'sfablesshedslightoncertainfacetsofGreekbelief.

B.oneofAesop'sfablesinordertostudytheelementsthatmakeupGreekmythology.

C.therealmeaningillustratedinoneofAesop'smostwell-knownfables.

D.atypicalfableandhowpeoplestudythemeaningbehindit.

14、

TheRoman,AztecandEuropeanculturesarementionedinorderto

A.identifyotherculturesinwhichfablesweretheprimarymethodtopassonvalues.

B.clearlynamethevarioustypesofcharactersinthoseculture'sfables.

C.stressthatmythologywasusedbyculturesotherthantheGreekstoconveysocietalmorals.

D.establishthemasthesocietiesmostnotablefortheirmythology.

15、

Thistexttellsusthat

A.Aesop'sfablesprovideavaluableglimpseintoearlyGreekthoughtsandbeliefs.

B.studyofanancientculture'smythologyisthemostreliablewaytostudyitsvaluesystem.

C.culturestudyonasocietywouldbeonlypartialwithoutathoroughexaminationofitsmythology.

D.onecanlearnaculture'sunderlyingbeliefsthroughstudyingitsmythologicaltradition.

16、"Whatadifferenceawordmakes."Theissueofsemanticshasbeenanongoingcomplainagainstthemedia,whichhasbeencharacterizedbyanincreasinglevelofsensationalismandirresponsiblereportingovertheyears,fosteredbyincreasinglyfiercecompetitionandstruggleforwiderdistributionsandreaderships.

Afocalpointforthecriticismisthecoverageofhigh-profilecriminalcases.Withsuchheadlinesas"Mr.XArrestforFirst-DegreeMurder"prominentlydisplayedacrossthefrontpage,ithasbeenarguedthatsuchprovocativelanguageinfluencespublicopinion,causingprematureassumptionsofguiltbeforethemattercanbeproperlyandlegallydecidedinacourtoflaw.Thepowerofthemediatoinfluencepublicopinionand,byextension,legalandpoliticalperceptions,haslongbeenestablishedandrecognized,spurringoutcrieswheninaccurateoroverlyembellishedstoriesresultinunwarranteddestructionofpublicimageorintrusionintoprivacyofunwillingindividuals.

Reportersandeditorstaketheutmostcareintheirchoiceofwordsforuseintheirarticles,butwithconstantpressuretocreateprovocativeheadlinesinordertoselltheirpapers,thedistinctionbetweenrespectableperiodicalsandtrashytabloidsisbecomingthinnereveryday.Thedilemmaisexacerbatedbythepublic'sseemingshortattentionspan,puttingthepapersunderpressuretomaketheirstoriesasattention-grabbingastheyareaccurate.Furtherobfuscatingthesituationisthefactthatthesamephrasecanbeinterpretedinamyriadofdifferentwaysdependingonwhoreadsit,makingithardforonetojudgewhetheralineisexcessiveornot.

Whateverthecausesandeffects,however,thefreedomofpreslawsintheUnitedStatesmeanthatanychangetothestyle.employedbythemediamustbeself-imposed.Inthatrespect,itappearsthatnothingwillbechanginginthenearfuture,sincethepublic'sinsatiablehungerforcontroversyandscandalcontinuestodominateandsetthepaceformarketablereporting.Asthesensationalismanditsrelatedeffectscontinueintothelongerterm,however,therewillnodoubtbemoreoutcryasthetrendcontinues.Thiswillpossiblyresultinanupheavalofthesystem;favoringmoreaccurate,unembellishedreporting,consistingofhardfactswithaminimumofsuppositionorcommentaryanddevoidofrumorsandotherquestionablesourcesofinformation.Ifandwhenthatoccurs,wecantrulystatewithpridethatourmediaindustryisonlyafreeone,bataresponsibleandreliableone.

Attractivebutmisleadingheadlinesareusedbysomemediasourcesto

A.outdotheircompetitionincreatingthemostprovocativestories.

B.fosterinterestinthemaintextofthearticle.

C.submittothedemandsofthepublic,whowantsuchsensationaltitles.

D.boostsalesbystirringinterestabovethatofthecompetition's.

17、

Thecomplainagainstmediainthereportingofcriminalcasesisthat

A.thewaythatinformationispresentedtothepubliccaninfluenceopinionsandoutcomes.

B.cateringtoprofit-drivensensationalismleadstofurtherinaccuracies.

C.suchinformationisnecessaryforproperdecision-makingbypublicleaders.

D.far-fetchedexaggerationsviolatetheprivacyofthosebeingreportedon.

18、

Theword"exacerbate"(paragraph3)hassimilarmeaningwith

A.reduce.

B.intensify.

C.weaken.

D.encourage.

19、

Fromparagraph4,wecaninferthat

A.ifbuyinghabitscontinuetofavorsensationalism,paperswillcontinuetomisrepresent.

B.thefutureofthemediaisoneoftruthfulnessandaccuracy.

C.inordertoleadtoapositivedirection,themediaindustrymustbeforcedtochange.

D.ashiftinpublicopinionwillcausethemediatochangeitshabitsinreporting.

20、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsrepresentstheauthor'sopinion?

A.atpresentreportingisoflittlevalueduetoitssensationalistnature.

B.themediaisprimarilyinterestedinboostingsaleswhilenotintheaccuracyofit'sarticles.

C.themediaisonadownwardspiraltowardfurtherinaccuracies,butthereishopeforthefuture.

D.theinaccuratenatureofthemediaiscausedbythepublic'shungerforcontroversyandscandal.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Thiswork,though,wererelativelysmall-scale.Now,amuchlargerstudyhasfoundthatdiscriminationplaysaroleinthepaygapbetweenmaleandfemalescientistsatBritishuniversities.

B.Besidespay,herstudyalsolookedatthe"glass-ceiling"effect—namelythatatallstagesofawoman'scareersheislesslikelythanhermalecolleaguestobepromoted.Betweenpostdoctoralandlecturerlevel,menaremorelikelytobepromotedthanwomenare,byafactorofbetween1.04and2.45.Suchdifferencesarebiggerathighergrades,withthehardestmoveofallbeingforawoman'tosettleintoaprofessorialchair.

C.Sevenyearsago,agroupoffemalescientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyproducedapieceofresearchshowingthatseniorwomenprofessorsintheinstitute'sschoolofsciencehadlowersalariesandreceivedfewerresourcesforresearchthantheirmalecounterpartsdid.Discriminationagainstfemalescientistshascroppedup.

D.SaraConnolly,aresearcherattheUniversityofEastAnglia'sschoolofeconomics,hasbeenanalyzingtheresultsofasurveyofover7,000scientistsandshehasjustpresentedherfindingsatthisyear'smeetingoftheBritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinNorwich.Shefoundthattheaveragepaygapbetweenmaleandfemaleacademicsworkinginscience,engineeringandtechnologyisaround￡1,500($2,850)ayear.

E.Toprovethepointbeyonddoubt,DrConnollyworkedouthowmuchoftheoverallpaydifferentialwasexplainedbydifferencessuchasseniority,experienceandage,andhowmuchwasunexplained,andthereforesuggestiveofdiscrimination.Explicabledifferencesamountedto77%oftheoverallpaygapbetweenthesexes.Thatstillleftasubstantial23%gapinpay,whichDrConnollyattributestodiscrimination.

F.Thatisnot,ofcourse,irrefutableproofofdiscrimination.Analternativehypothesisisthatthecoursesofmen'sandwomen'slivesmeanthegapiscausedbysomethingelse;womentaking"careerbreaks"tohavechildren,forexample,andthusrisingmoreslowlythroughthehierarchy.Unfortunatelyforthatidea,Dr.Connollyfoundthatmenarealsolikelytoearnmorewithinanygivengradeofthehierarchy.Maleprofessors,forexample,earnover￡4,000ayearmorethanfemaleones.

G.Ofcourse,itmightbethat,ateachgrade,mendomoreworkthanwomen,tomakethemselvesmoreeligibleforpromotion.Butthatexplanation,too,seemstobewrong.Unlikethepreviousstudies,DrConnolly'scomparedtheexperienceofscientistsinuniversitieswiththatofthoseinothersortsoflaboratory.Itturnsoutthatfemaleacademicresearchersfacemorebarrierstopromotion,andhaveawidergapbetweentheirpayandthatoftheirm