2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit 6 Space and beyond知识点及巩固练习

（2019外研版）高中英语选择性必修四^^XUnit6Spaceandbeyond（一）Unit6知识点一、词汇派生•exceptionaladj.异常的—unexceptionaladj.平常的suspendv.暂停，中止—suspensionn.暂令停职notionn.概念；观点；看法—notionaladj.概念上的—notionallyadv.想象地accustomv.使适应，使习惯—accustomedadj.习惯的tragedyn.不幸；悲剧—tragicadj.悲惨的；悲剧的—tragicallyadv.悲惨地，不幸地shadown.坏影响，阴影—shadowyadj.阴暗的，朦胧的二、一词多义shadown.Thechildrenwerehavingfun,chasingeachother'sshadows.（影子）IthoughtIsawafigurestandingintheshadows.（阴暗处）Thesepeoplehavebeenlivingforyearsundertheshadowoffear.（坏影响）Ashadowofasmiletouchedhismouth.（少许）crewn.I'mthinkingofgoingoutforcrewthisterm.（赛艇运动）Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured.（全体机组人员）HeisamemberoftheCambridgecrew.（划船队）三、知识要点l.accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的Youmustaccustomyourselftobemoreateasewhenyouarebeforestrangers.当你在陌生人面前时，要使自己习惯于别太拘束。You'llsoonaccustomyourselftotheclimatehere.你将很快习惯这里的气候。［造句］他习惯于早起，这对他的健康有益。Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly，whichisbeneficialtohishealth.［知识拓展］（1）beaccustomed/usedto（doing）sth.习惯于（做）某事（表示状态）get/becomeaccustomed/usedto（doing）sth.习惯于（做）某事（表示动作）（2）accustomvt.使习惯于accustomoneself/sb.tosth.使自己/某人习惯于（做）某事Thestudentsquicklyaccustomedthemselvestothenewtimetable，whichexcitedtheteachers.Asweallknow，Englishpeopleareaccustomedtodrivingontheleft.［小片段填空］Accustomedtogettinguplateinthemorning，Ispendalotoftimeaccustomingmyselftotheschool'srulesandregulations.2.averageadj.平均的；普通的n.平均数；平均水平v.平均为Ittakesanaverageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted.售出一幢房子平均需要10周的时间。Iwasonlyaverageacademically.我的学习成绩一般。［造句］他只是个普通的学生。Heisjustanaveragestudent.［知识拓展］anaverageof...平均有（后跟数词）onaverage平均地；在一般情况下above/belowaverage高于/低于平均数/水平uptotheaverage达到平均数/水平ItissaidthatthetimespentonhomeworkbyChinesestudentsismorethanfourhoursadayonaverage.Totheirgreatjoy，theirson'sschoolworkiswellaboveaverage.Theeconomyinthisareahasgrownataremarkablerate，averagingalmost10percentperannual.［小片段填空］Therewere90studentsgettingfullmarksintheexam，anaverageof18students(平均有18名学生)ineachclass.Tom'swasaboveaverage(在平均水平以上)whileJohn'swasbelowaverage(在平均水平以下).3.involvevt.包括；涉及；使参加Anyinvestmentinvolvesanelementofrisk.任何投资都有一定的风险。Thetestwillinvolveansweringquestionsaboutaphotograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。［造句］让你的学生参与课堂活动是至关重要的。Gettingyourstudentsinvolvedinclassroomactivitiesisvitallyimportant.［知识拓展］⑴involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事；需要做某事involvedadj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的get/beinvolvedin..•被卷入......之中；热衷于；专心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth.与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系involvementn.参与；加入；插手involvedadj作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：aninvolvedsentence"—个复杂的句子”；thepeopleinvolved"所涉及的人”。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.Inarecentbook,headvocatedmuchmoregovernmentinvolvementinhealthcare.Whenshewasyoung,shedidasmanythingsasshecould,likegettinginvolvedinsportsteamsandschoolclubs.［小片段填空］Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.Sadly，aseriousaccidentinvolving(involve)agroupofyouthshappenedonhim.Involved(involve)inthecaraccident，hehadnoalternativebuttostayandwaitforthepoliceman.4.assumevt.假设，假定；认为；承担Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds.咱们暂时假设计划成功。Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。［造句］在他被证明有罪之前，我们必须假定他是无辜的。Wemustassumehimtobeinnocentuntilheisprovedguilty.［知识拓展］(1)assumesb./sth.tobe...假定/假设某人/某事为assumethat...假设......；认为......Itis/wasgenerallyassumedthat...普遍认为……(2)assumptionn.假定，假设，设想ontheassumptionthat...假定..，假设..assuming(that)...假定..(作状语)Ihopetogotocollegenextyear,alwaysassumingthatIpassmyexams.Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.Peopleassumethatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.—Itisassumedthatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.Iftherewasnotthehardworkofthedustman,whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike?—Assumingthattherewasnotthehardworkofthedustman，whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike？［小片段填空］Itisassumedthathardworkleadstogreatsuccess，soweassumehimtobesuccessful.Butassumingthatheisnotthatlucky，whatshallwedotocomforthim?5.shadown.坏影响，阴影Sheseemedtohavealwaysbeenundertheshadowofherfather.她似乎总是生活在父亲的阴影下。Thescandalcastashadowonhiscareer.这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。［造句］那棵树投下影子。Thetreecastitsshadow.［知识拓展］befrightened/nervous/scaredofone'sownshadow非常胆小(或十分紧张)intheshadowof...在..附近undertheshadowof...在..的阴影中without/beyondashadowofadoubt毫无疑问ThenewmarketisintheshadowoftheCityHall.Katehasbeenlivingforyearsundertheshadowoffear.Wheneverheseeshisboss，heisnervousofhisownshadow.screamv.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫Hecoveredhermouthtostopherfromscreaming.他捂上她的嘴，不让她叫出声来。Thekidswerescreamingwithexcitement.孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。［造句］那个女人躺在那里，疼得直尖叫。Thewomanlaythere，screamingwithpain.［知识拓展］screamwithlaughter尖声大笑screamoutfor.../todo亟须；亟待letoutascream发出尖叫声Someonewasscreamingoutforhelp.Thesebooksscreamouttobeincludedinalistoffavourites.suspendv.暂停，中止；悬挂Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。［Cancelorsuspendisnotallowed.不允许“取消”或“终止”。［造句］这周工会暂停了罢工。Theunionsuspendedstrikeactionthisweek.［知识拓展］⑴suspendsb.fromsth.（尤指因为违反纪律）暂令某人停学或者停职（2）suspendsth.fromsth./bysth.悬挂besuspendedinsth.悬浮在……中Herbodywasfoundsuspendedbyarope.Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.Juliewassuspendedfromherjobshortlyaftertheincident.8.doubtn.怀疑v.怀疑；疑惑Thereissomedoubtaboutthebestwaytodoit.这件事怎么做才是最佳办法有点吃不准。Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫无疑问我们做得对。［造句］毫无疑问他会同意这个计划。Thereisnodoubtthathewillagreetotheplan.［知识拓展］havedoubtabout/whether...怀疑……havenodoubtabout/that...不怀疑……Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……⑵withoutdoubt二beyonddoubt毫无疑问；一定地nodoubt肯定地；想必(3)doubtfuladj.怀疑的在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句；在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。Ihopetheywillfinishtheprojectintime，buttheythemselvesareverydoubtfulthatitwill.IstilldoubtwhetherthepriceofcomputersinthestorewillgodownbutIwilljustwaitandsee.Ineverdoubtthatspecialclassescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesoon.9.remindsb.that...使某人想起……I'msorry，I'veforgottenyourname.Canyouremindme?对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？RemindmetophoneAlanbeforeIgoout.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。［造句］请提醒他一到家就给我打电话。Pleaseremindhimtocallmeassoonashegetshome.［知识拓展］remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what提醒(某人)其他“v.+sb.ofsth.”结构的短语还有：informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事curesb.ofsth.治愈某人某病convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子Passengersarereminded(remind)thatnosmokingisallowedonthistrain.Remindednottodrive(drive)afterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisreallydangerous.Theresultwillhelptopredictsomemajorandseverediseasesandyourpreferencefordietandremindyouofsuitablewaystoexercise(提示你合适的锻炼方式).形容词短语作状语［教材P62］Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas,andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月,他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿,意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务,也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。句式分析：句子中awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas,andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong是形容词短语作状语,来说明主语的状态。［例1］Seriouslyinjured,someofthepassengersweresenttothenearesthospitalatonce.伤势严重,一些乘客被立即送往了最近的医院。［例2］Brave,goodandstrong,Xiulianisthecharacterwecareaboutmost.我们最关心秀莲这个角色,她勇敢、善良而且坚强。［造句］经过长途旅行,他们三个回到了家,又冷又饿。Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemreturnedhome,hungryandtired.［知识拓展］（1）形容词（短语）作状语时,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。（2）形容词（短语）作状语时,可位于句首、句末或句中,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子,则应用副词作状语。［翻译1］既惊讶又高兴,托尼站起来接受了奖品。Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.［翻译2］男孩满心恐惧地跑回家。Theboyranhome，fulloffear.［即学即练］单句语法填空Luckily（luck）,hismotherwasverypatient,anddon'tgiveuptryingtohelphim.Shelookedatme，happyandsatisfied（satisfy）.2・no+比较级+than［教材P63］Theworldwentintoshock,mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人本来认为这次太空飞行会和乘普通飞机旅行一样安全。句式分析：“A+nomore...thanB”句式表示两者都不［例1］JohnisnobetterthanTom.约翰和汤姆都不好。［例2］JackisnomorediligentthanTom.杰克和汤姆都不勤奋。［造句］我和你个子都不高。Iamnotallerthanyou.［知识拓展］⑴“no+比较级+than”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义，意思是“与......一样不”，如：nobetterthan意义上相当于asbadas,nowiserthan意义上相当于asstupidas,noricherthan相当于aspooras,nobiggerthan相当于assmallas。（2）not+比较级+than含义是“不比......怎么样”比如notbetterthan...不比......好。（3）比较级的其他特殊表示方法：表示两者之中“较……"，用the+比较级+ofthetwo。Thisoneisthebiggerofthetwohouses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。定冠词或指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较。ThetallerboyisJohn.那个身高较高的男孩子是约翰。有少数以ior结尾的形容词，如inferior（次于）,junior（地位低下的）,posterior（之后）,prior（之前）,senior（地位高）,superior（优于）等本身就有比较的意思，常与介系词to连用。Thismethodissuperiortothatone.这种方法优于那种方法。（4）形容词比较级可以被副词如alittle（—点）,much（得多）,even（更加）,still（更加）,far（......得多）等修饰，但不可用very修饰。Lifeisverymucheasierthanitwastwentyyearsago现在的生活比20年前简单得多了。［翻译1］这本书不如那本书有趣。Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.［翻译2］这本书和那本书一样不令人感兴趣。Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子Heisseniortome.Tom'shandwritingisfar/much/evenbetter（好得多）thanyours.五、长难句分析Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.分析：本句的主干部分是Millionswatchedthatfirstlunarlandingonblackandwhitetelevisionsets，本句中独立主格结构是theirheartsintheirmouths，awareofhowarduousandhazardousanundertakingitwas，andofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong这部分也是作状语。and是表示并列关系，而且后面省略了形容词aware。译文：数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。（二）高中英语选择性必修四Unit6巩固练习※※※卩“讹6Spaceandbeyond※^一、单词拼写Theinstanthegotintotheroom,heletouta（尖叫声）.A（阴影）passedoverthekindfaceoftheoldwoman.The（全体机组人员）,aswellaspassengers,werequarantine（隔离）assoastheplanelanded.4.Sincethen,Michaelhaslivedan（寻常的）life.Theycutoutapieceof（肌肉）frommylegandlookedatitunderamicroscope.（令人信服地）,onlybydistributingbonusfairlycanwemotivateemployeesworkharder.Thatenterprisingmanagerisblessedwithstrong（自制力）.Breathinginthesmellofpepper,hecouldn'thelp（打喷嚏）。9.Itotallyforgot!The（光盘）wasbroken.Ijustlostthewholeday'swork.10.Whenaskedtoexplainthetheoryofsimulator,hemadeitina(简单的)way.二、单句语法填空Hewascaughtonabranchashefelland(suspend)abovetheground.2.Shesaidshewouldneversetfootthatshabbyhouseagain.3.Frightenedbyabnormalbehaviorofherhusband,sherushedoutoftheroomhurriedly,(scream)aloud.4.Ibecomeaccustomedsleepingwiththewindowopen.Thepassengerswereinformedthattheplanewouldtakeanhourlater.WealwaystunetoRadio4tohearthe10o'clocknews.Hewasdetermined(make)afortuneinthesouthandleftschoolatanearlyage.Discriminationbetweengendercastsashadowatmosphereofelection.Thatuniversity,whichiscomposed23departmentsand40institutions,hasbeendevelopingquicklyinrecentyears.10.Itisreportedthatthistropicalcycloneismovingtowardseastatspeedof350kmperhour.三、语段填词,thesideeffectsofthedrughadn'tbeendiscovereduntilmanypeoplewereseriouslydamagedbyit.Peoplewouldneverforgettheevent.(tragic)Mostofthetimethepeaksare.ButnowthepeakswhicharecoveredwithwhitefloatingcloudsbecomenowandthenlikeafantasticChinesepainting.(visible)Pickoutwaste.Onlyinthiswaycanwegetridofandpreventthespreadofdisease.(hazard)4.Inonestudy,participantsusedadrivingtodosomeexperiments.(simulate)5.Without,incommonwithmostyoungpeople,Michaellivesanlife.(exceptional)apartweare,mythoughtsalwaysfindtheirwaybacktoyou.无论我们相更多么遥远，我的思念总在你的身边。Ryanbeganhisacademicvisit,ideaswithmanyhistoriansandsinologists.自从Ryan开始他的访学，他已经和许多历史学家和汉学家交流观点。needsourjointeffort.你决定要做的事情需要我们的共同努力。thatthiscandidate'sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于能用英语与外国人交流。hisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.在朋友的陪同下,他去了火车站。五、课文语法填空Icanrememberthedaysoclearly,1(watch)thetake--offonTVatschool.Wewerevery2(excite)towaitforthemomentwhentheshuttlewaslaunching.Justafterthetake-off,theChallenger3(explode)inmid-airandweallstartedscreaming.Ithappenedsoquicklyandeveryonewas4astateofshock.Likeeveryschoolboy,Ihadthoughtthat5(go)intospaceasa