高中直接引语和间接引语详解与习题

#/20here.三、直接引语和间接引语正误例析“SpeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass, ”ourEnglishteachersaidtous.OurEnglishteachersuggestedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.（误）OurEnglishteachertold/askedustospeakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.（正）OurEnglishteachersuggestedthatwe（should）speakEnglishmoreofteninandoutofclass.（正）简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask,tell,order等动词，其句型是：ask/tell/ordersomeonetodosth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补，只能接 -ing形式或从句 （从句用虚拟语气 ）作宾语。“Don’tplayfootballonthestreet,littleboys, ”thepolicemansaid.Thepolicemantoldthelittleboysdidnotplayfootballonthestreet.（ 误）Thepolicemantoldthelittleboysnottoplayfootballonthestreet.（ 正）简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式，变为间接引语时,要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加donot,doesnot,didnot等。“Wouldyoupleasedomethefavortocarrytheboxupstairs?”theyoungwomansaidtome.Theyoungwomanorderedmetocarrytheboxupstairsforher.（ 误）Theyoungwomanaskedmetocarrytheboxupstairsforher.（ 正）简析：直接引语是一些表示请求、建议的疑问句，变为间接引语时，也变为不定式作宾语补足语。需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用恰当的动词。因为此处原来的疑问句用的是很客气的语气，改写后不宜用order。“Youcleantheclassroomafterclasstoday,Tom, ”saidthemonitor.ThemonitorsaidthatTomcleanedtheclassroomafterclassthatday.（ 误）ThemonitortoldTomtocleantheclassroomafterclassthatday.（ 正）简析：一般而言，祈使句是以动词原形开头的，但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来。"It'safineday.Let'sgotothecountryforapicnic, "Petersaidtome.Petertoldmethatitwasafinedayandletusgotothecountryforapicnic.（ 误）Petersaidthatitwasafinedayandaskedmetogotothecountryforapicnicwithhim.（正）简析：当直接引语中有多种句子形式如陈述句、祈使句、疑问句等时，我们就要用不同的方式将各种句子进行转述。 因为原句中直接引语前面部分是陈述句， 故变为由that引导的宾语从句，后面部分是祈使句所以变为不定式作宾补。直接引语变间接引语的技巧一、如何变人称；下面有一句顺口溜J随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新 「随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme." fShesaidherbrtherwantedtogowithher.上随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?" fHeaskedKatehowhersisterwastheno“第三人称不更新 ”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smithsaid:"Jackisagoodworker。"—Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagood

worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：Shesaid."Ihavelostapen." —Shesaidshehadlostapen.Shesaid."Wehopeso."—Shesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend。"—Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.—Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet? ”—JacaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet 。③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时时态不变。如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril20,1980 。"—XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"—Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto）和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could,should,would,might）不再变。如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"—PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为 then,yesterday变为 theday before ）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为 “彼”（例：this 改为 that）,如：Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."—Hesaidthosebookswerehis.四、如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that引导的宾语从句。如：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes." —Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?"mymotherasked. —MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?" —HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?" —Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 "tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.（not）todosth."句型。如："Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren. —Shetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe. —Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’肝头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。”如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."—Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：Johnsaid,"I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1、直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI.”Hesaid（that）Iwasyoungerthanhim.2、直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"—Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?"—Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.选择疑问句变为whether••.or宾语从句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"—Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"—HeaskedmewhereIlived.3、直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语 (don’t变为not).Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."—Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim, "Don'tleavethedooropen."—Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.[注意](1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。例如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."—Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.—Heaskedmetoopenthe(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.—Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydontyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.—headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper."Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked. —Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4、直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!" —Shewhaidalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：一般现在时变为一般过去时现在进行时变为过去进行时一般将来时变为过去将来时现在完成时变为过去完成时一般过去时变为过去完成时过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时[注意]如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun." —Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973." —Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."—Hesaidthatheisaboyotagirl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."—Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引语中含有 since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattention tomypronunciation.Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词 thisthat thesethose表示时间的词 nowthen todaythatdaythisweek(month,etc) thatweek(month,etc)yesterday thedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)agothreedays(ayear)beforetomorrow thenext(following)daynextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)表地点的词 here--there动词bring--takecome-go直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。例：Hesaid:"Itistoolate."间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。例：Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题第一：人称的变化。主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如：直接引语 Shesaid:"Iamhungry."间接引语Shesaidshewashungry.直接引语 Mumsaidtome:"Youmustcleanyourbedroombyyourself."间接引语 MumtoldmethatIhadtocleanmybedroombymyself.第二：时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。注意：1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teachertoldus:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth..直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如：Shesaid:"IwenttoEnglandin1998."ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998..主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。Hesays:"Iboughtyouabookyesterday."Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。第四：句式上的变化.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。如：Shesaid:"Iamagirl."Shesaidthatshewasagirl.(that可以省略)if或.if或whether。例如：Sheaskedme:"AreyouMr.Li?"SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.Sheaskedus:"Doyouwanttogoonapicnic?"Sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic..特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。例如："Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear,"Susanaskedherhusband.Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear..祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。一改：said(to)改为asked或told,ordered等二变：saidto的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加 to，使成为动词不定式四去：去掉 please例：Hesaidtoher:"Don'ttakethebookaway."Heaskedhernottakethebookaway..感叹句变为间接引语"Whatawfulweatheritis!"shesaid.-Shecomplainedabouttheawfulweather."Whatabrightgirlyouare."Hesaidtome.HepraisedmethatIwasabrightgirl.直接引语变间接引语练习题I.HepraisedmethatIwasabrightgirl.直接引语变间接引语练习题I.将下列句子变为间接引语“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,"hisfathersaidtohim.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children.“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays,"saidMary.Thegeographyteachersaidtous, “Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.”Shesaidtohim, "It'stimethatyoulefthere.”ZhangHongsaidto me,“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948. ”Johnsaidtohisparents, “Ihadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.”Thehistoryteachersaidtothem, “TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921. ”Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”“HaveyouanythinginterestingIcanread,George? ”shesaid.“She'sheretoaskforhelp,isn'tshe?”heasked.“Whereareyougoing?”thefatheraskedhisson.“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone? ”themotheraskedthenaughtyboy.Shesaid,“Didyoumeetthismanatthestationtwohoursago,Mr.Li?“Writeyournamesonyourpapersfirst, "theteachersaidtous.“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow,"herfriendsaidtoher.“Letmepacktheparcelforyou,"hesaid.“Don'tmakesomuchnoiseinclass,boysandgirls, "saidtheteacher.“Whatalovelydayitis!”“HappyNewYeartoyou!”hesaid.II.把下列句子变为直接引语ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.SheaskedwhetherIwouldbefreethenextdayornot.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.Hisfathertoldhimnottoclimbthathightreeinhisnewcoat.Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynamewas.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.Theteacheraskedifwecoulddoit.Thecommanderorderedhismennottocrosstheriverbeforedawn.Myteacheraskedwhetherhewascoming.ThescientistaskedmewhatIwasdoing.参考答案：I.将下列句子变为间接引语Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.

theMr.Wangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleave forShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.Marysaidthatshehadn'theardfromherparentsthosedays.Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.Shetoldhimthatitwastimethatheleftthere.ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.Johntoldhisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.HeaskedwhetherIwasastudent.SheaskedGeorgeifhehadanythinginterestingshecouldread.Heaskedwhethershewastheretoaskforhelpornot.Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.Themotheraskedthenaughtyboyifhewassorryforwhathehaddone.SheaskedMr.Liwhetherhehadmetthatmanatthestationtwohoursbefore.Theteachertoldustowriteournamesonourpapersfirst.Herfriendaskedhertogothereagainthenext/followingday.7.Heofferedtopacktheparcelforme.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoiseinclass.He/Sheexclaimedthatitwasreallyalovelyday.HewishedmeaHappyNewYear.I.把下列句子变为直接引语Isaidtohim,“Ihavelostmymoney.Iwillfindit. ”Sheasked,“Youwillbefreetomorrow,won'tyou?”Iaskedher,“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Hisfathersaid, "Don'tclimbthishightreeinyournewcoat. ”Thestrangerasked,"What'syourname?”"I'llfinishmyworktomorrow,"shesaid.Theteacherasked,“Canyoudoit?”Thecommanderorderedhismen, "Don'tcrosstheriverbeforedawn.Myteacherasked,“Ishecoming?”Thescientistaskedme,“Whatareyoudoing?”直接引语变间接引语练习题二将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：“Inevereatmeat."hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat."I'vefoundmywallet."hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.

“Itookithomewithme."shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.“Imetheryesterday. "hesaidtome.Hemethathemettheday.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive."hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago."hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthathesitthereHeasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermotherfoundit.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.“Don'ttellhimthenews. "shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.“Areyouintestedinthis? ”hesaid.HeIwasinterestdin.【参考答案】1.he,ate2.told,had,found,his3.she,had,taken4.rise,goes5.told,had,before6.had,there7.had,before8.asked,if[whether],before9.told,could10.how,she,had11.where,I,had,those12.if[whether],I,lived13.told,to,stop14.not,to,tell15.asked,if[whether],that三请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。-mail,"saidhe.I'mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,"saidhe.2.Hesaidtome,2.Hesaidtome,“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.Shesaidtome,“Don'trideinthestreet.”“Standwhereyouare!”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。Shesaid, “Areyoufromthesouth?”Sheasked I fromthesouth.Momsaidtome,“Don'ttellalie.”Mom me tellalie.Susansaidtome,“WevisitedtheRedStarFarmlastweek.”Susantoldmethat theRedStarFarm .MrPaulsaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MrPaul usthatlight fasterthansound.“Goandposttheletters,”themanagersaidtohim.

Themanagerhimandposttheletters.参考答案： I.1.Hesaidthathewasgladtoreceivemye-mail.2.HeaskedmeifIwasgoinghomethatweekend.3.SheaskedhowIlikedthefoodthere.4.Shetoldmenottorideinthestreet.5.Thepoliceorderedtheyoungmantostandwherehewas.II.1.if/whether;was2.told;notto3.theyhadvisited;theweekbefore4.told;travels5.told;togo四直接引语变间接引语练习题.Hesaid:"I'veleftmybookinmyroom.”Shesaid:"Hewillbebusy.”ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”Theteachersaidtothestudents, "Don'twasteyourtime.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Myfathersaid,aPracticemakesperfect.”Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.11.Hesaid,Wearestillstudents.12．Hesaidtome,Iwasbornin1978.13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967. ”．Hesaid, “IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16．16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,ajob.．Hesaid, “Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.．