2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷4

考研外语专家预测过关卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、InOctober2022,GoldmanSachsandDeutscheBank(1)_____anewelectronicmarket(/econderivs)foreconomicindicesthat(2)_____substantialeconomicrisks,suchasnonfarmpayroll(ameasureofjobavailability)andretailsales.Thisnewmarketwasmadepossiblebya(3)_____tradingtechnology,developedbyLongitude,aNewYorkcompanyprovidingsoftwareforfinancialmarkets,(4)_____theParimutuelDigitalCallAuction.Thisis"digital"(5)_____ofadigitaloption:i.e.,itpaysoutonlyifanunderlyingindexliesinanarrow,discreterange.Ineffect,Longitudehascreatedahorserace,whereeach"horse"winsifand(6)_____thespecifiedindexfallsinaspecifiedrange.Bycreatinghorsesforeverypossible(7)_____oftheindex,andallowingpeopletobet(8)_____anynumberofrunners,thecompanyhasproducedaliquidintegratedelectronicmarketforawidearrayofoptionsoneconomicindices.

Tenyearsagoitwas(9)_____impossibletomakeuseofelectronicinformationabouthomevalues.Now,mortgagelendershaveonlineautomatedvaluationmodelsthatallowthemtoestimatevaluesandto(10)_____theriskintheirportfolios.Thishasledtoaproliferationoftypesofhomeloan,someof(11)_____haveimprovedrisk-managementcharacteristics.

Wearealsobeginningtoseenewkindsof(12)_____forhomes,whichwillmakeitpossibletoprotectthevalueof(13)_____,formostpeople,isthesinglemostimportant(14)_____oftheirwealth.TheYaleUniversity-NeighbourhoodReinvestmentCorporationprogramme,(15)_____lastyearinthecityofSyracuse,inNewYorkState,maybeamodelforhome-equityinsurancepoliciesthat(16)_____sophisticatedeconomicindicesofhousepricestodefinethe(17)_____ofthepolicy.Electronicfuturesmarketsthatarebasedoneconometricindicesofhousepricesbycity,alreadybegunbyCityIndexandIGIndexinBritainandnow(18)_____developedintheUnitedStates,willenablehome-equityinsurerstohedgetherisksthattheyacquirebywritingthesepolicies.

Theseexamplesarenotimpressivesuccessesyet.Butthey(19)_____asearlyprecursorsofatechnologythatshouldonedayhelpustodealwiththemassiverisksofinequalitythat(20)_____willbesetusincomingyears.

A.created

B.generated

C.initiated

D.originated

2、(2)

A.reproduce

B.restore

C.represent

D.resume

3、(3)

A.sophisticated

B.expensive

C.available

D.established

4、(4)

A.made

B.called

C.asked

D.read

5、(5)

A.inthecourse

B.intheevent

C.inthelight

D.inthesense

6、(6)

A.when

B.until

C.nowthat

D.onlyif

7、(7)

A.extent

B.range

C.line

D.area

8、(8)

A.for

B.in

C.on

D.up

9、(9)

A.virtually

B.admittedly

C.absolutely

D.originally

10、(10)

A.assume

B.assess

C.dismiss

D.erase

11、(11)

A.them

B.which

C.that

D.whom

12、(12)

A.management

B.insurance

C.security

D.techonology

13、(13)

A.what

B.those

C.where

D.it

14、(14)

A.guarantee

B.protection

C.component

D.source

15、(15)

A.secured

B.sponsored

C.released

D.launched

16、(16)

A.lookto

B.setup

C.laydown

D.relyon

17、(17)

A.terms

B.specifications

C.concepts

D.consequences

18、(18)

A.is

B.being

C.been

D.are

19、(19)

A.emerge

B.appear

C.stand

D.arise

20、(20)

A.somehow

B.anyway

C.otherwise

D.thereby

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Violentlyricsinsongsincreaseaggression-relatedthoughtsandemotionsandcouldindirectlycreateamorehostilesocialenvironment,astudyreleasedonSundaybyaU.S.psychologyassociationfound.TheWashingtonD.C.-basedAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)releasedthestudy,resultingfromfiveexperimentsinvolvingover500collegestudents,intheMayissueoftheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

Theviolentsongsincreasedfeelingsofhostilitywithoutprovocationorthreat,accordingtothestudy.Itsaidtheeffectwasnottheresultofdifferencesinmusicalstyle,specificperformingartistorarousalpropertiesofthesongs.Eventhehumorousviolentsongsincreasedaggressivethoughts,thestudysaid.

Thegroupsaidthestudycontradictsapopularnotionthatlisteningtoangry,violentmusicactuallyservesasapositivecatharsisforpeople.

ThemusicindustrycameundercriticismfromlawmakersinOctoberforfailingtousemoredescriptiveparentaladvisorylabelsthatspecifywhetherthemusiccontainssex,violenceorstronglanguage.

ButtheRecordingIndustryAssociationofAmerica(RIAA)hassaidthatcurrentCDlabelsgiveparentsenoughinformationwithoutviolatingtherighttofreeexpression.TheRIAAisthetradegroupfortheworld'sfivebiglabels,includingAOLTimeWarnerInc.,EMIGroupPlc.,BertelsmannAG,VivendiUniversal'sUniversalMusicandSonyCorp.

ResultsoftheAPA'sexperimentsshowedthatviolentsongsledtomoreaggressiveinterpretationsofambiguouslyaggressivewordsandincreasedtherelativespeedwithwhichpeoplereadaggressiveversusnon-aggressivewords."Suchaggression-biasedinterpretationscan,inturn,instigateamoreaggressiveresponse,verbalorphysical,thanwouldhavebeenemittedinanonbiasedstate,thusprovokinganaggressiveescalatoryspiralofantisocialexchanges",saidresearcherCraigAnderson,inastatement.

Whileresearcherssaidrepeatedexposuretoviolentlyricscouldindirectlycreateamorehostilesocialenvironment,theysaiditwaspossibletheeffectsofviolentsongsmaylastonlyafairlyshorttime.

AccordingtothestudybyAPA,intensifiedaggressionhadnothingtodowith______.

A.actualperformersofmusic

B.amorehostileenvironment

C.feelingsofhostility

D.violenthumorsofthesongs

2、

Theword"catharsis"inPara.3mostprobablymeans______.

A.anunpopularnotion

B.theremovalofstrongfeelings

C.anincreaseofaggressiveemotions

D.theoverreactiontoviolentlyrics

3、

Whichofthe'followingstatementsistrue?

A.Theresearchers'workwasunpopularbecauseofitsbiasedconclusions.

B.Themusicindustrywasaccusedofunclearspecificationofthenatureofthesongs.

C.ThecurrentCDlabelsfailedtospecifywhetherthemusicisappropriateforyouth.

D.Themusicindustrywouldhavetoyieldtothepressurefromthepoliticians.

4、

CraigAndersonwouldprobablyagreethat______.

A.therelationbetweenviolentmusicandaggressivethoughtswasambiguous

B.moreexperimentswereneededtojustifytheresultsachievedsofar

C.antisocialexchangescouldbeultimatelyattributedtoviolentsongs

D.nonbiasedinterpretationsmightcausemoreaggressivesocialresponses

5、

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

A.somemusicalstyleswouldleadtoashortperiodofincreasedsocialhostility

B.researchersweredividedaboutthefundamentalcausesofaggressiveemotions

C.parentsneedn'tworryalotabouttheirkids'occasionalexposuretoviolentsongs

D.musicindustrywouldhavetobemorealerttoviolentwordsinitsmusic

6、Thebiggestdangerfacingtheglobalairlineindustryisnottheeffectsofterrorism,war,SARSandeconomicdownturn.Itisthattheseblows,whichhavehelpedgroundthreenationalflagcarriersandforcetwoAmericanairlinesintobankruptcy,willdivertattentionfromtheinherentweaknessesofaviation,whichtheyhaveexacerbated.AsinthecrisisthatattendedthefirstGulfWar,manyairlineshopethattrafficwillsoonbounceback,andafewcatastrophicyearswillbefollowedbyfullerplanes,happierpassengersandareturntoprofitability.Yettheindustry'sproblemsaredeeper—andolder—thanthetraumaofthepasttwoyearsimplies.

AsthecentenaryofthefirstpoweredflightapproachesinDecember,theindustryitlaunchedisstillremarkablyprimitive.Thecarindustry,creatednotlongaftertheWrightBrothersmadehistory,isnowaglobalindustrydominatedbyadozenfirms,atleasthalfofwhichmakegoodprofits.Yetcommercialaviationconsistsof267internationalcarriersandanother500-plusdomesticones.Theworld'sbiggestcarrier,AmericanAirlines,hasbarely7%oftheglobalmarket,whereastheworld'sbiggestcarmaker,GeneralMotors,has(withitsassociatedfirms)aboutaquarteroftheworld'sautomobilemarket.

Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulated,andinonlytwomarkets:AmericaandEurope.Everywhereelse,governmentsdictatewhofliesunderwhatrules.Theseaimtopreservestate-ownednationalflag-carriers,runforprestigeratherthanprofit.Andnumerousrestrictionsonforeignownershipimpedecross-borderairlinemergers.

InAmerica,thebignetworkcarriersfacebarrierstoexit,whichhavekepttheirroutenetworkstoolarge.TradeunionsresistingjobcutsandCongressmenopposingrouteclosuresintheirterritoryconspiretoblockchange.InEurope,liberalizationislimitedbybilateraldealsthatprevent,forinstance,BritishAirways(BA)flyingtoAmericafromFrankfurtorParis,orLufthansaofferingtransatlanticflightsfromLondon'sHeathrow.Tousethecarindustryanalogy,itisasifonlyRenaultswereallowedtodriveonFrenchmotorways.

Inairlines,theoptimistsarethosewhothinkthatthingsarenowsohadthattheindustryhasnooptionbuttoevolve.FrederickReid,presidentofDeltaAirLines,saidearlierthisyearthateventssincetheSeptember11thattacksaretheequivalentofameteorstrike,changingtheclimate,creatingasortofnuclearwinterandleadingtoa"compressedevolutionarycycle".Sohow,lookingonthebrightside,mighttheindustrylookafterfiveyearsofaccelerateddevelopment?

Accordingtotheauthor,thedeeperproblemsofaviationindustry______.

A.aretheeffectsofvariousdisasters

B.areactuallynotfullyrecognized

C.areattractingalotofattention

D.arenottherealcauseofairlines'bankruptcy

7、

Oneofthefactsthatreflecttheprimitivenessofairlineindustryis______.

A.itshistoryismuchlongerthanthatofcarindustry

B.itiscomposedofinternationalanddomesticcarriers

C.itsmarketisdividedbymanyarelativelysmallcarrier

D.itisstillanindustryofcomparativelylowprofits

8、

Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Aviationhasbeenincompletelyderegulated..."(Para.3)?

A.Governmentalrestrictionsarestillimposedonaviationindustryinmanyareas.

B.GovernmentshelpestablishrulesforaviationindustryonlyinAmericaandEurope.

C.Somecountrieshopetohelptheirnationalcarrierskeepuptheirnationalprestige.

D.Manycountriesdiscouragemergerplansbetweenforeignanddomesticcarriers.

9、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.freecompetitionmayhelpsolvetheproblemsconfrontingaviationindustry

B.problemsinAmericaaremoreofapoliticalnaturethanthatinEurope

C.carindustryshouldexertamorepowerfulinfluenceonaviationindustry

D.thereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheproblemscanbesolved

10、

AccordingtoFredrickReid,theaviationindustry______.

A.isfacingaveryserioussituation

B.willconfrontadifficultevolution

C.hasnowayoutofthepresentdifficulty

D.willexperiencearadicalreform

11、MediamogulTedTurneryesterdaysoldmorethanhalfofhisAOLTimeWarnerInc.holdingsforabout$780million,amovethatreflectshiseffortstoslashhisfinancialstakeinthemediagiant.

Afterthecloseofregulartradingyesterday,Turnersoldablockof60millionsharestoGoldmanSachsCo.for$13.07pershare,or31centsbelowthestock'sclosingpriceyesterday.GoldmanwassaidbyWallStreetsourcestobeofferingthestocktomajorinvestorsfor$13.15.

Anoutspokencriticofthecorporation,TurnerremainsAOLTimeWarner'slargestindividualshareholder,with45millionshares,andamemberofitsboardofdirectors.AspokeswomanforTurnerreferredquestionstoAOLTimeWarner.

AthispeakTurnerownedabout130millionshares,buthelostbillionsofdollarsinwealthandgrewbitterafterthestockplungedfollowingthemergerofAmericaOnlineandTimeWarnerinJanuary2022.

Turner,whoinitiallysupportedthemerger,laterexpressedoutrageoverrevelationsthatAmericaOnlinehadmanipulateditsfinancialresults.TheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionisinvestigatingAOL,andthecorporationhasacknowledgeddiscoveringtensofmillionsofdollarsofoverstatedrevenue.

TurnerresignedasvicechairmanearlierthisyearandhasbeenspendinglessofhistimeonAOLTimeWarnermatters.HesteppeddownafterachievinghisgoalofpressuringAmericaOnlinefounderSteveCasetoresignasthecorporation'schairman.Casesaidhewasgivinguptheposttoavoidabruisingpublicbattleforreelectionatnextweek'sannualmeeting.

IntheefforttooustCase,TurnerteamedupwithGordonCrawford,theseniormediaportfoliomanageratCapitalResearchManagement,thelargestinstitutionalshareholderinAOLTimeWarner.CapitalResearchhasindicateditwillvoteagainstCase'selectiontoremainontheboardofdirectorsnextweek—apositionthatanalystssaidshouldnotaffecttheoutcome.Turner,meanwhile,hassaidhewillsupportthemanagementslatethatincludesCaseandwillmakeRichardD.Parsonsthecompany'schairmanandchiefexecutive.

Turner,avisionarywhostartedCableNewsNetwork,isinthemidstofrollingoutanewchainofrestaurants,Ted'sMontanaGrill,featuringbisonburgers.HerecentlymovedhisresidencefromGeorgiatoFloridaforestate-planningpurposesandisspendingtimeandmoneyonhisindependentfilmcompany,whichlostmillionsofdollarsonalengthymovieabouttheCivilWar.

Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat______.

A.GoldmanhasmadeaprofitfromthistransactionofshareswithTurner

B.Turneralwaysexpresseshisdissatisfactionwiththecorporationopenly

C.Goldmanboughttheblockofsharesinordertobecomeamemberoftheboard

D.Turnersoldalargeportionofhissharestoretreatfromthemediabusiness

12、

Turnerbecameextremelyangrybecause______.

A．hehadtosellalargeportionofhissharestoGoldmanataloss

B．themergercoveredthedissatisfactoryfinancialresultsofAOL

C．AmericanOnlinewasfoundtohaveexaggerateditsrevenue

D．helostbillionsofdollarsinwealthduetothestock'sgoinglow

13、

AllofthefollowingaboutCasearetrueEXCEPT______.

A．hesteppeddownfromthepostofthefounderofAOL

B．heusedtobethechairmanofAOLTimeWarner

C．hehadtoresignfromhispostunderpressurefromTurnerandCrawford

D．hewillmeetwithoppositionfromCapitalResearchtoremainontheboard

14、

Thelastparagraphshowsthat_______.

A．Turner'sinterestispresentlycenteredonchainrestaurants

B．Turnerissuchachangeablepersononbusinessmatters

C．Turnerwillnevergiveuphisindependentfilmcompany

D．Turnerisabusinessmanfullofimagination

15、

Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

A.Turnermakesaseriesofnewdecisions

B.TurnershowshisangeratAOLTimeWarner

C.Turnercomesdownfromhispeakinbusiness

D.TurnerslasheshisfinancialstakeinAOLTimeWarner

16、TheU.S,SupremeCourt'sdecisionMondaytoletstandarulinginanonlinedefamationcasewillmakeitmoredifficulttodeterminecorrectlegaljurisdictionsinotherInternetcases,legalexpertssaid.

Byoptingnottotakethecase,thehighcourteffectivelyendorsedalowercourt'sdecisionthataColoradocompanythatpostsratingsofhealthplansontheInternetcouldbesuedfordefamationinaWashingtoncourt.ThelowercourtrulingisoneofseveralthatmakesiteasierforplaintiffstosueWebsiteoperatorsintheirownjurisdictions,ratherthanwheretheoperatorsmaintainaphysicalpresence.

ThecaseinvolvedadefamationsuitfiledbyChehalis,Wash.-basedNorthwestHealthcareAllianceagainstLakewood,Colo.-basedH.TheAlliancesuedinWashingtonfederal,courtafterHpostedanegativerankingofNorthwestHealthcare'shomehealthservicesontheInternet.HarguedthatitshouldnotbesubjecttothejurisdictionofacourtinWashingtonbecauseitspublishingoperationisinColorado.

ObserverssaidthefactthattheSupremeCourtoptednottohearthecaseonlycloudsthelegalsituationforWebsiteoperators.

GeoffStewart,apartneratJonesDayinWashington,D.C.,saidthattheSupremeCourteventuallymustactontheissue,asInternetsitesthatrateeverythingfromautomobiledealershipstocreditofferscouldscalebacktheirofferingstoavoidlawsuitsoriginatingnumerousjurisdictions.

Onlinepublishersalsomighthavetoworryaboutbeingdraggedintolawsuitsinforeigncourts,saidDowLohnesAlbertsonattorneyJonHart,whohasrepresentedtheOnlineNewsAssociation.

"ThemuchmoredifficultproblemsforU.S.mediacompaniesarisewhenclaimsarebroughtinforeigncountriesovercontentpublishedintheUnitedStates",Hartsaid.HartcitedarecentcaseinwhichanAustraliancourtruledthatDowJonesmustappearinaVictoria,AustraliacourttodefenditspublicationofallarticleontheU.S.-basedWallStreetJournalWebsite.

AccordingtoHart,thepotentialchillingeffectofthosesortsofjurisdictionaldecisionsissubstantial."Ihavenotyetseenpublishersholdingbackonwhattheyotherwisepublishbecausethey'reafraidthey'regoingtogetsuedinanothercountry,butthatdoesn'tmeanitwon'thappenifweseearashofU.S.libelcasesagainstU.S.mediacompaniesbeingbroughtinforeigncountries",hesaid.

Untilthehighcourtdecidestoweighindirectlyonthisissue,Websiteoperatorsthatofferinformationandservicestouserslocatedoutsideoftheirhomestatesmustdealwithathornylegallandscape,saidJohnMorgan,apartneratPerkinsColeLLPandanexpertinInternetlaw.

TheauthorseemstobelievethattheSupremeCourt'sdecision______.

A.putsWebsiteoperatorsatalegaldisadvantage

B.renderscorrectlegaldecisionsinothercasesimpossible

C.bringsaboutaseriesofincorrectlegalrulings

D.causesoperatorstoissuebalancedhealthplans

17、

Hclaimedthatitshouldn'tbesuedinWashingtonbecause______.

A.itsheadquartersareinColorado

B.itdoesn'thaveaphysicalpresenceinWashington

C.itsratingdidn'thaveaharmfuleffectonthecompany

D.itsoperationwascarriedoutinWashingtonarea

18、

AccordingtoGeoffStewart,thehighcourt'sdecisionwill______.

A.makefurtheractsonthisissuedifficult

B.originatenumerousofferingsofjurisdictions

C.causeInternetsitestobemorecautiousintheirofferings

D.makeprovidersofinformationgocrazy

19、

HartcitedacaseinanAustraliancourttoindicatethat______.

A.thehighcourtshouldweighinimmediatelyontheissue

B.problemsforAmericanmediacompaniesaregettingmoredifficult

C.thejurisdictionaldecisionwillhaveachillingeffectoncompanies

D.Americanonlinepublishersmightbesuedinforeigncourts

20、

Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlytoshowthat______.

A.theSupremeCourt'srulingisincorrect

B.legalproblemsarefarfromover

C.Internetlegalbordersarestillnotclear

D.uncertaintiesexistaboutvalidityofWebsites

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutnetworketiquette.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistforeachnumberedparagraph.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudon'tneedtouse.

A.Adheretothesamestandardsofbehavior.onlinethatyoufollowinreallife

B.Respectotherpeople'stimeandbandwidth

C.Shareexpertknowledge

D.Rememberthehuman

E.Makeyourselflookgoodonline

F.Knowwhereyouareincyberspace

WhatisNetiquette?Simplystated,it'snetworketiquette—thatis,theetiquetteofcyberspace.And"etiquette"means"theformsrequiredbygoodbreedingorprescribedbyauthoritytoberequiredinsocialorofficiallife".Inotherwords,Netiquetteisasetofrulesforbehavingproperlyonline.

(41)______.

Whenyoucommunicateelectronically,allyouseeisacomputerscreen.Youdon'thavetheopportunitytousefacialexpressions,gestures,andtoneofvoicetocommunicateyourmeaning;words—lonelywrittenwordsareallyou'vegot.Andthatgoesforyourcorrespondentaswell.Holdingaconversationonline—whetherit'sanemailexchangeoraresponsetoadiscussiongroupposting—it'seasytomisinterpretyourcorrespondent'smeaningandit'sfrighteninglyeasytoforgetthatyourcorrespondentisapersonwithfeelingsmoreorlesslikeyourown.Yes,youmayuseyournetworkconnectionstoexpressyourselffreely,explorestrangenewworlds,andboldlygowhereyou'venevergonebefore.ButrememberthePrimeDirectiveofNetiquette:Thosearerealpeopleoutthere.

(42)______.

Inreallife,mostpeoplearefairlylaw-abiding,eitherbydispositionorbecausewe'reafraidofgettingcaught.Incyberspace,thechancesofgettingcaughtsometimesseemslim.And,perhapsbecausepeoplesometimesforgetthatthere'sahumanbeingontheothersideofthecomputer,somepeoplethinkthatalowerstandardofethicsorpersonalbehavior.isacceptableincyberspace.Theconfusionmaybeunderstandable,butthesepeoplearemistaken.Standardsofbehavior.maybedifferentinsomeareasofcyberspace,buttheyarenotlowerthaninreallife.

(43)______.

What'sperfectlyacceptableinoneareamaybedreadfullyrudeinanother.Forexample,inmostTVdiscussiongroups,passingonidlegossipisperfectlypermissible.Butthrowingaroundunsubstantiatedrumorsinajournalists'mailinglistwillmakeyouveryunpopularthere.AndbecauseNetiquetteisdifferentindifferentplaces,thus,lurkbeforeyouleap.Whenyouenteradomainofcyberspacethat'snewtoyou,takealookaround.Spendawhilelisteningtothechatorreadingthearchives.Getasenseofhowthepeoplewhoarealreadythereact.Thengoaheadandparticipate.

(44)______.

Networks—particularlydiscussiongroups—letyoureachouttopeopleyou'dotherwisenevermeet.Andnoneofthemcanseeyou.Youwon'tbejudgedbythecolorofyourskin,eyes,orhair,yourweight,yourage,oryourclothing.Youwill,however,bejudgedbythequalityofyourwriting.Sospellingandgrammardocount.Also,payattentiontothecontentofyourwriting.Besureyouknowwhatyou'retalkingabout—whenyouseeyourselfwriting"it'smyunderstandingthat"or"Ibelieveit'sthecase,"askyourselfwhetheryoureallywanttopostthisnotebeforecheckingyourfacts.Finally,bepleasantandpolite.Don'tuseoffensivelanguage,anddon'tbeconfrontationalforthesakeo~confrontation.

(45)______.

Thestrengthofcyberspaceisinits,numbers.Thereasonaskingqu