现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时

知识点①：现在完成时—般现在时用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果e.g.YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that'stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续e.g.Ihavelivedheresince1990.现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词现在完成时的四个根本句型肯定句 Hehasfinishedthework. 一般疑问句 Hashefinishedthework?否认句 Hehasnotfinishedthework. 两回答 Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.特殊疑问句 Whathashedone?在如下情形下用现在完成时〔1〕九词语already已经 肯定句中或句尾e.g.Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.二Ihavefoundmypenalready.yet已经 否认句和疑问句句尾e.g.Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtaputeryet?ever曾经 句中 e.g.Haveyoueverseenpandas?never从不 句中 e.g.IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.just刚刚 句中 e.g.Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g. Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止e.g.Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久e.g.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次 e.g.HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?〔2〕两词组have<has>goneto去了某地 例：HehasgonetoBeijing （去了）have<has>beento去过某地 例：HehasbeentoBeijing. （去过）〔3〕两结构fortwomonthsfor+段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince3yearsLucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3since+过去点时间agoyearsago.since1990sincehecamesince+过去时态句HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere子here.〔4〕如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经〃，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？〔5〕现在完成时态还常常用于如下句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的—本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedtheputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.〔错〕因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用，改正的方法有五种:①Hehasboughtthebook..（去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago（改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变）③It's3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.〔改为固定句型Itis since 〕Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.〔改为否认句〕Hehashadthebookfor3years. 〔用延续性动词have代替buy〕六•还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种方法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不一样，举例如下：e/arrive/getto/reachTbehere例：Ihaveeherefor3years.〔错〕 改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.丨eave/goTbeaway例：Hehasleftfor3hours.〔错〕 改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.begin/startTbeon

例：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.〔错〕 改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.openTbeopen/closeTbeclosed例：Theshophasopenedfor3years.（错） 改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.dieTbedead例：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.（错） 改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.finish/endTbeover例:Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.（错）改为:Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦例:Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.（错）改为:Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例：lhavejoinedthearmyfor3years.〔错〕改为:Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.havebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catchThavee.g.Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.〔错〕为：lhavehadthebikefor3years.e.g.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.改为:Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.havebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catchThavee.g.Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.〔错〕为：lhavehadthebikefor3years.e.g.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.〔错〕改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.©borrowkeepe.g.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3e.g.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.〔错〕改为：years.〔错〕改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下:breakTbebroken getupTbeupmarryTbemarried beeTbeloseTbelost延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即完毕，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。女口：leave,start,setout,arrive,reach,getto,begin,stop,shut,turnoff,marry,put,puton,getup,wake,fall,join,meet,receive,finish,end,plete,bee,e,go,die,open,close,break,give,jump,buy,borrow终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。Hehasdiedforthreedays.〔错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用〕同步练习：单项选择题1、BothhisparentslooksadMaybethey what's happenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownCmustknow D.wilknow2、Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverD.stil3、HaveyoumetMr.Li_ ？A.justB.agoCbeforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.swritingB.waswritingCwrote D.haswritten

5、—Ourcountry alotsofar—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven___A.haschanged;wellchanged;goodC.haschanged;betterchanged;betterB.D.6、ZhaoLan already5、—Ourcountry alotsofar—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven___A.haschanged;wellchanged;goodC.haschanged;betterchanged;betterB.D.6、ZhaoLan alreadyA.was;studying inthisschoolfortwoyears.B.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are7、We__ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirlA.knowB.had knownhaveknown8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_ ittwiceA.willseeB.have seenstudyingsawC.C.9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When therewilltheygodidtheygoD.havetheygone10、— _you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes. ita momentagoA.Diddo;finishedtheygofinishedB.Have;doneD.will;do;finishHave;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish知识点②：过去完成时—■过去完成时结构： had+过去分词二■过去完成时的用法：过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去e.g.Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft. 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。Bytheendoflastweek,hehadlearnt1000words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态e.g.HesaidthathehadmadeafewfriendssincehecametoChina.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。同步练习：单项选择题：1．Heaskedme duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did. D.had,done3.I _900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearned D.learnt4.She_____livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,several C.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecooked D.wascooked6.Shesaidshe theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willsee D.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamilythemselvesthearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,heA.haspleteduniversityB.haspletedthe7.Shesaidherfamilythemselvesthearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,heA.haspleteduniversityB.haspletedtheuniversityC.hadpletedanuniversityD.hadpleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.Hetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.C.hadpletedanuniversityD.hadpleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.Hetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.hadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianohadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.C.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.知识点③：现在完成进展时―、现在完成进展时的定义现在完成进展时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。e.g.Thosecatshavebeenscreamingforhours. 那些猫叫了半天了。二、现在完成进展时的结构：have/hasbeen+现在分词e.g.Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandahalf.我一直等了—半小时了。三、 现在完成进展时主要用法表示“持续〃：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进展。如：e.g.Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun.孩子们一直玩得很开心。e.g.Sheisverytired.Shesbeenworkingallmorning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。表示“重复〃即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的屡次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进展。e.g.We'veallalongbeenmakingmistakeslikethis.我们一直犯这样的错误。四、与现在完成进展连用的主要时间状语现在完成进展时所用的时间状语：allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+时间段；since+时间点；for+时间段，等等。e.g.Hehasbeenworkingallday.他整天都在工作。Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。Hehasbeensleepingfortenhours.他已经睡了十个小时了。ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.自从新年以来，双方就一直在试图联手。拓展：现在完成进展时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进展时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进展时。如：Hehaschangedhisidea.他改变了想法。在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进展时，但现在完成进展时强调动作的进展。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进展时。如：Wehavebeenstudyingherefortwoyears.我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进展时却并非如此。如：Hehascleanedthewindow.他把窗户擦干净了。（动作已完成）Hehasbeencleaningthewindow.他一直在擦窗户。（动作不一定完成）有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进展时。如:

Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争持续了很长时间。现在完成时与现在完成进展时的相通性:在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚完毕的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进展时，如expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,snow,stand,stay,study,teach,wait,want,work等。如：你学习英语多久了？正：HowlonghaveyonlearntEnglish?正：HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?他已经睡了十个小时了。正：Hehassleptfortenhours.正：Hehasbeensleepingfortenhours.同步练习：单项选择题一I'msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeseenD.haveseenafallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeseenD.haveseen3.Sofarthisyearwe4.CathyC.hadistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe EnglishA.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walksB.walkedC.haswalked一Ithinkso.Heforitformonths.D.hadwalkedforayear.5.Danny__hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked6.—Ihavegotaheadache.yingD.hasbeenstudyingNowonder.You infrontofthatputertoolong.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict _from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.A.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool，butshehasn'tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.— you__himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007某某)—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.HaveshownB.DoshowC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.—Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.—Iamtired.I__thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpA.studiesB.studiedC.isstudA.studiesB.studiedC.isstudaintingD.havepainted四、课堂小结(10分钟〕和学生一起回顾本节课所学知识：现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进展时的结构、用法与须知事项。

五、作业布置一．单项选择题。1.HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeen in2.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebeeDhavemade3一Howlonghaveyou here—Abouttwomonths.A. beenB.goneC.eD.arrived4.Hurryup!The play fortenminutes.A.has begunB.hadbegunC.has beenonD.began5.Itten years since heleftthe army.A.isB.hasC.willD.was6.What__Annie bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,did C.has,doneD.haddone7.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.works C.hadworkedD.willwork8.Bytheendoflastweek,they thebridge.A.haspletedB.pleted C.willplete D.hadpleted9.Benhatesplaying violin,buthelikesplaying footbal10.Bythetimehewas4,he_ alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns用括号里面的正确形式填空。1.Youknow,I_(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe_(play)inthemudallthemorning.A.a…theB.the…the C./…theD.the…/4.I(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoonHereheis!We (wait)anxiouslyforhims