上海市闵行区2021届高三一模英语试题(含听力)Word版含解析

闵行区2020学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whoisthewomanspeakingto?A.Hergoodfriend. B.Herdoctor.C.Herpersonaltrainer. D.Hersportsteacher.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M：Well,yourbloodpressureseemstobefine,andyourbloodsugarisatanormallevel.Haveyoubeengoingtothegymoften?W：Yes,Ihavemyownpersonaltrainer,andsheishelpful.Actually,we’vebecomegoodfriends.Q：Whoisthewomanspeakingto?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.LeaveDaisyaloneforthetimebeing. B.GotoseeDaisyimmediately.C.MakeanapologytoDaisyinperson. D.BuyDaisyanewnotebook.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:DaisywasveryangryyesterdaybecauseIlosthernotebook.Ihavetoseeherandsaysorryagain.W:IfIwereyou,I’dlethercooloffafewdaysbeforeIseeher.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whattoprepareforthepicnic. B.Howtokeepthefoodfrombeingwet.C.Wheretohaveapicnic. D.Howtheweatheristhenextday.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Howisitlookingforourpicnictomorrow?I'vegotthefoodfromtheshop.Arewegoingtogetwet?M:Theforecastsaysit’llbeabitwindybutIdon’tthinkthefoodwillbeblownaway.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Exhausted. B.Thirsty. C.Dizzy. D.Senseless.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M：Emmy,everythingseemstoberollingbeforemyeyes.ItmustbetheexposuretothestrongheatoftheSun.W:You’dbetterliebackstillforawhile.Takeiteasyfortherestofthedayandstayintheshade.It’stoohottoday.Q:Howdoesthemanfeel?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HeislikelytoarriveearlierthanSusan. B.Heistoobusytoattendtheparty.C.Susanisunlikelytogototheparty. D.It’suptoSusantomakethedecision.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:MikeandIarehavingapartynextSaturday.WewonderifyouandSusanwouldbefreetojoinus.M:Soundsgreat!ButI’dbettertalktoSusanbeforewesayyes.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Alotofstudentsneedhelp. B.Joiningatutoringgroupisrewarding.CThewomanshouldsparetimeonstudy. D.Thewomanhastutoredforalongtime.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I'mthinkingofjoiningatutoringgrouptohelpthestudentsinneed,butIhavetospendmuchofmysparetime.M:Itdoestakeupyoursparetime,butitpaysoffinthelongrun.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemansayabouthisuncle?A.Heoftencomplains. B.Heisworriedabouteverything.C.Heisahappyman. D.Healwayscausestroubles.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I'msorryIhavecausedyourunclesomuchtrouble.M:Don’tworryaboutit.Heisneverhappyunlesshehassomethingtocomplainabout.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisuncle?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwilltheman'sproblembesolved?A.He'llgetasimilarT-shirt. B.HewillgetanewT-shirtforfree.C.He'llgethismoneyback. D.Hecancomplaintothemanager.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M：I'dliketotalktosomeoneabouttheT-shirt.Ithasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize.W:Sorryaboutthat.We'vehadalotofcomplaintsabouttheT-shirts.Don'tworry,you'llbefullyrefunded.Q:Howwilltheman’sproblembesolved?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomaneagertoknow?A.Howwellthecamerafunctions. B.Howtousethecameracorrectly.C.Howtogetthepicturesprinted. D.Howthepictureswillturnout.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M：Youlookexcited.What'sup?W:Itooksomepicturesoftheflowerswithmynewcamera.Ican’twaittogetthemprintedandseeiftheyareasgoodasIthought.Q:Whatisthewomaneagertoknow?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?Theexamhadlittletodowiththebook.Themancouldhardlyfinishtheexam.Theexamquestionsweretoodifficult.Themanfoundthequestionsconfusing.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W：Yourexamisover,isn'tit?Whyaren'tyoucheerful?M：Idon’tknow.Itisn’tthatthequestionsweretoohard,butIfeeluncertainwhenIfindthebookwereaddoesn'tseemtocoverthequestions.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Accordingtothepassage,whatdocatsdobeforeastorm?A.Comedownfromhighplaces. B.Hidethemselvesinholes.C.Searchforshelters. D.Runaroundimpatiently.Accordingtothepassage,howcanbirdssensethecomingofastorm?Byfeelingadecreaseinairpressure.Bynoticingthechangeofwinddirections.Byfeelingadropinairtemperature.Byobservingthebehaviorsofotheranimals.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BirdsandSignsofaStorm. B.AirPressureandWeatherChange.C.Animals’SharpSenses. D.WeatherSignsfromAnimals.【答案】11.C12.A13.D【解析】【原文】Animalsaregoodweatherpredictorsbecauseoftheirhighlydevelopedsenses.Beforeastorm,dogsmaysensethechangeinairpressure,causingthemtobarkandmakeanattempttoseekshelters.Catsactalmostinthesameway.Miceanddeerarealsogoodweatherindicators.Fieldmicecomeoutoftheirholesandrunaround.Deerleavehighgroundandcomedownfromthemountains.Birdsareespeciallygoodweatherindicatorsbecausetheyalsoshowtheeffectofairpressuredropinmanyways.Forexample,somebirdsbecomeextremelyexcitedandquarrelsomeandwillfightoverapieceofbread.Otherbirdssingnoisilyjustbeforeastorm.Itseemstheyknowtheywon'tgetanotherchanceforanhourortwo.Birdsalsoseeksafeplacesbeforeastorm.Youwillsometimesseebirdssettlingintreesorgatheringtogetheronawireclosetoabuilding.Pre-stormlowpressuremakestheairsothinthatbirdshavedifficultyflying.Itisunusualtoseemanybirdsflyingoverheadinthesummertime,ratherthanduringtheperiodsinthespringorautumn.Watchforotherweathersignsifyouseethis.Iftheyflyinthewrongdirection,theymaybeflyingaheadofastorm.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowdosomeFrenchcompaniesguaranteeemployees’afterworklifeByforcefullysendingthemhome.Byautomaticallydeletingafter-workemails.Bybanningtheuseoftheemailsystems.Byshorteningtheworkinghours.Whycan’tmanyemployeesinSpaintakeaSiesta?A.Becauseofthelowworkingefficiency.C.Becauseoftheextendedworkinghours.A.Becauseofthelowworkingefficiency.C.Becauseoftheextendedworkinghours.conditions.16.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Strategiestoprotectprivatelife.C.Waystouseworkemailseffectively.【答案】14.C15.B16.D【解析】Becauseofthetightbreaktime.D.BecauseofthepoorfamilyB.Policiestoraiseworkingefficiency.D.Measurestoguaranteepersonallife.【原文】Officialsinsomecountriesareencouragingpeopletoswitchoffattheendoftheworkinghours.AnewlabourlawsaysFrenchcompaniesmustguaranteearighttodisconnectfromemailsoutsideofficehours.SomeFrenchcompanieshavealreadyputrulesinplacetoprohibitemployeesfromusingtheiremailsystems.Thesemeasuresaredesignedtoensurerespectforbalancebetweenworkandfamilyandpersonallife.InitsneighboringcountrySpain,thegovernmentisconsideringreducingSpain’slongworkdaybytwohoursandshiftingclocksbackanhourtothecountry’soriginaltimezone.The11-hourdaycurrentlyincludesabreakforasiesta,whichliterallymeansarestornap.However,manyemployeesdon’ttakeasiestabecausetheyareunabletoreturnhomeintheafternoon.InGermany,theemploymentministrypreventsitsmanagersfromcontactingstaffduringoff-hours,andmajorcompanies,includingVolkswagenandBMW,haveadoptedthepolicy.In2014,automakerDaimlerbeganautomaticallydeletingemailssenttoemployeesonvacation.SimilaremployeehealthprotectionmeasuresarealsointroducedtoAsiancountries.InJapan,Tokyo’sgovernorhasorderedmunicipalemployeestofinishworkby8p.m.tofightagainstkaroshi,or“deathfromoverwork.”Lightsareturnedoff,andanyonefoundattheirdeskissenthome.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemanmainlyworriedabout?A.Thelongworkinghours. B.Thechoiceofthejobs.C.Hisinabilitytoholdthejob. D.Thelowsalaryoffer.Whatdoweknowaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Heprefersteachingtodoingadministration.Heisunabletomeettherequirementofthecomprehensiveschool.Hemightbeturneddownforbeingtooyoung.Hewantstosignalong-termcontract.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthejobatthecomprehensiveschool?A.Lowlypaidbutsecure. B.Time-consumingandtiring.C.Variedandinteresting. D.Flexiblebutdemanding.Whatcanweinferformtheconversation?A.Themanislikelytotakethecomprehensiveschooljob.BThewomansuggeststhemanwaitforbetteroffers.Themanisinfavourofthetechniqueschoolposition.Thewomanhasalowopinionofthecomprehensiveschool.【答案】17.B18.D19.C20.A【解析】【原文】W:Youseemtobeworryingaboutsomething?Isitthejobstuff?M:Exactly.I’vegottwojoboffers,onefromatechniqueschool,andtheotherfromancomprehensiveschool.W:Whatdotheyofferyou?M:Well,thetechniqueschoolisofferingatwo-yearcontractwhichcouldberenewed,butthecomprehensiveschoolisonlyofferingayear’scontract.Itcouldberenewed,butyouneverknowwhat’sreallygoingtohappenoneyearlater.W:Isee.Thecomprehensiveschooljobislesssecure.ButIdon’tthinkyouhavetoworryaboutsteadyjobsasanewlygraduate.M:That’strue.I’monly23.W:Whataboutthesalaries?M:Well,thecomprehensiveschoolpaysmuchbetterintheshortterm.I’llbegettingabout$42,000ayearthere,butonly$30,500atthetechniqueschool.Butthenthehoursaredifferent.Atthecomprehensiveschool,I’dhavetodo35hoursaweek,20teachingand15administration,whilethetechniqueschoolisonlyaskingfor25hoursteaching.W:Mmm…，canyoudescribethejobsalittlefurther?M:Thetechniqueschoolisalladultswhoaremainlypreparingforworkingcertificates.Thecomprehensiveschoolwantsmetodoabitofexampreparation,butalsoquitealotofworkincompaniesandfactories,andacoupleofchildren’sclasses.Oh,andabitofliteratureteaching.W:Well,thatsoundsmuchmorevariedandinteresting.AndI’dimagineyouwouldbedoingquitealotofteachingoutsidetheschool,andmovingaroundquiteabit.M:Yes,withthetechniqueschoolposition,I’dbestuckintheschoolallday.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddetermining21wehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironments,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsuffering22(consider)asuccess.Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyinghissimplelifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,and23isrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthat24somepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsider25unsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,but26onehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone'sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwho27(experience)frustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesone28beverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,and29whichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”Whateveryoudefinesuccess,remember,weareborntolivetheliveswetrulywantanddeserve,butnotjustthelives 30(settle)forus.【答案】21.whether/ifisconsideredwho24.eventhoughthemselvesif27.wasexperiencing28.can29.to30.settled【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了成功的定义，介绍了不同的人对成功的不同定义。告诉我们无论你如何定义成功，都要记住，我们生来要过我们真正想要和应得的生活，而不仅仅是为我们设定的生活。【21题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：准确地说，我们每个人都有自己的成功概念，在某种程度上，我们每个人都有责任设定自己的目标，并确定我们是否满意地实现了这些目标。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否"应用whether/if引导。故填whether/if。【22题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：对一些人来说，只要能把痛苦和苦难降到最低就算是成功了。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsuffering,谓语动词用单数。故填isconsidered。【【#题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些女性和男性表示，他们宁愿离开一段感情，也不愿忍受伴侣的虐待。A.restore恢复；B.leave离开；C.restrict限制；D.survive存活。由“Hardlyanyofthewomenandmeninacontrolgroup,whohadnot8abuse,thoughttheycouldchangetheirpartnersinthisway.（在没有遭受虐待的对照组中，几乎没有人认为他们可以通过这种方式改变自己的伴侣。）”以及“ ratherthansuffertheabusefromapartner.（也不愿忍受伴侣的虐待）”可知他们会选择离开这段感情，故选B项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯女士发现，这些受虐女性更有可能同情灰姑娘和其他倾向于服从而不是反抗的女性角色。A.resisting抵抗；B.enduring忍耐；C.concealing隐藏，掩饰；D.adapting适应。由灰姑娘的屈服特点和“obey（服从）”可知对比的动作是“反抗”，故选A项。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然大多数女孩都听说了这些故事，但那些以这些人物为榜样的女孩似乎受到了伤害。A.excluded排除;B.revealed透露;C.imposed欺骗，强加;D.adopted收养，采用。由下文“Overexposureinchildrentostoriesthatemphasizethetransformationalqualitiesoflovemaymakewomenbelievetheycanchange theirpartners.（让孩子们过度接触强调爱情转变特质的故事，可能会让女性相信她们可以改变伴侣。）”可知过度接触这类故事的女孩，会把角色当成榜样，认为自己可以像角色一样改变伴侣，但最终会受到伤害。短语adoptsbasrolemodel表示“以某人为榜样”，故选D项。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“她们相信，如果她们的爱足够强烈，她们就能改变伴侣的行为，”她说。A.prejudice偏见，侵害；B.fate命运；C.behavior行为；D.ignorance无知，愚昧。由上文“"Sheinterviewedsixty-sevenfemaleabusesurvivorsandfoundthatsixty-one6severeabusebecausetheybelievedtheycouldchange theirpartnerswithpatienceandlove.（她采访了67名遭受虐待的女性幸存者，发现其中61人能够忍受严重的虐待，因为她们相信，只要有耐心和爱，她们就能改变伴侣。）”可知她们相信只要有耐心和爱，她们就能改变伴侣虐待她们的行为，此处的行为指的是“abuse（虐待）”，故选C项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让孩子们过度接触强调爱情转变特质的故事，可能会让女性相信她们可以改变伴侣。A.Overexposure过度接触；B.Contribution贡献；C.Access方法，途径；D.Commitment承诺。由上文“Apapertobedevelopedattheinternationalcongressofcognitivepsychotherapy（认知心理疗法）suggestsalinkbetweenthe 3ofwomenabused（虐待）bytheirpartnersandearlyexposuretothewrongsortoffairytales.（一篇即将在认知心理治疗国际大会上发表的论文表明，被伴侣虐待的女性的态度与过早过度接触错误的童话故事之间存在联系。）”中提到被伴侣虐待的女性的态度与过早过度接触错误的童话故事之间存在联系可知，过度接触强调爱情转变特质的故事会让女孩们相信自己可以改变伴侣，故选A项。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们可能永远不会理解长发公主的故事中明显的弱点，她一直被锁在一个高塔上，直到一个骑着白马的骑士把门砸开才获救。A.plot情节，图表；B.conclusion总结；C.moral道德，寓意；D.weakness弱点，缺点。由下文“"Thequestion,”saidMs.DarkerSmith,“iswhyshedidnotbreakthedoorbyherself?（“问题是，”史密斯女士说，“为什么她没有自己破门?”）”可知长发公主没有自己破门而出，这是她的一个弱点，故选D项。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，独立是一种理想的性格，孩子们应该从小学习拥有，并在一生中盛行。A.confident有信心的；B.independent独立的；C.innocent无辜的；D.optimistic积极的。通读全文可知，过早过度接触类似于灰姑娘这类具有屈服忍让性格特点的角色的童话故事的女孩们，很容易在感情上受到伤害，结合前文举出“长发公主”不能自己破门，只有骑着白马的骑士的解救她才得以解脱，但这是一个弱点，由此最后总结，理想且孩子们从小就应具备的并且要应用于一生的性格应是独立，故选B项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）FortheresidentsofFlint,Michigan,USA.,theburdenoftheongoingwatercrisiscanbemeasuredinweight.FewoutsideofVehicleCitycantellyouhowmucha24-packofbottledwaterweighs.ButinFlint,theycanreciteitfrommemory:261/2lb.Formorethanayear,manyFlintresidentshavebeenmakingthedailyjourneytodistributioncenterstoloaduponcasesofwaterforvirtuallyeverybasicchore:bathing,brushingteeth,makingdinner.Twelvemonthsago,thecitygovernmentdecidedtoswitchthewatersupplytotheFlintRiver,whichallowedleadandothertoxinsfromthecity’sagingpipestoflowintoresidents’taps.Althoughthestategovernmenthasprovided$200milliontosolvetheproblem,thewaterinFlintremainsunsafetodrinkwithoutafilter.Buttherearehaltingsignsofprogress.ThecityhassinceswitcheditswatersourcebacktoDetroit’sproperlytreatedsupply,andtestresultshavestartedshowingsignsofnormalcy.MarcEdwards,theVirginiaTechenvironmentalengineersaysFlint’swaterisnolesssafethanothersourcesaroundthenation.“There’snoreasontobelievethewaterinFlintisanymoredangerousthanotherU.S.cities,”Edwardssays.However,someresidentscastdoubtonthoseresults.MelissaMays,aFlintresidentandorganizerofWaterYouFightingFor?Alocaladvocacygroup,saysshestillbreaksoutinrashesandwantsmoretestsfromshowersandwaterheatersforbacterialikeLegionella,anoutbreakofwhichhaskilled12peoplearoundFlintsinceApril2014.“Wefeellikewe’rerightbackatthebeginning,”Mayssays.Asthestatetriestodecidewhoshouldberesponsibleforthecrisis,thecityisworkingtoreplaceitsoldleadpipes.Butonly700ofFlint’s30,000leadservicelineshavebeendugupandreplaced.Overhaulingthemallwillrequirefarmorethanthe$27millionthestatehasprovided.“It’sashamethatit’stakenthislong,”saysMayorKarenWeaver,whowaselectedinthewakeofthecrisis.“Thebottomlineisthatweneedanddeservenewpipes.”Butevenwithnewinfrastructure（基础设施）,therealchallengeinFlintmayberestoringpublicconfidenceinthefaceofimmeasurabledistrust.Theauthormentionedthenumbersinthefirstparagraphto .callpeopletopayattentiontotheproblemofwatersecurityindicatetheeffectofthewaterproblemonthepeopleofFlinthighlightthegoodmemoryoftheaveragepeopleofFlinturgethegovernmenttofinanciallyhelppeopleofFlintWhatshouldberesponsibleforthewaterprobleminFlint?A.Insufficientwatersupplyequipment. B.Shortageoffinancialaid.C.Theunhealthysourceofwater. D.Localpeople’simproperlifestyle.Fromthepassageweknowthat .thewatersupplyinFlinthasbeenswitchedback.thepollutionintheFlintRiverisoutofcontrolresidentsinFlintwereconvincedofthewatersafetythewatercrisishascausedseveraldeathssofarWhichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?Theresidentsexaggeratedthenegativeimpactofthewatercrisis.Thegovernmentofficialsarewronglyblamedforthewatercrisis.Theresidentsshouldsharethecostofimprovingthewatersupplysystem.Thegovernmentshouldreassurepeopleofitsreliability.【答案】56.B57.C58.A59.D【解析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了美国弗林特市的生活用水安全问题及治理措施。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“FortheresidentsofFlint,Michigan,USA.,theburdenoftheongoingwatercrisiscanbemeasuredinweight（对于美国密歇根州弗林特市的居民来说，持续的水危机的负担可以用重量来衡量）.”和第二段第一句"Formorethanayear,manyFlintresidentshavebeenmakingthedailyjourneytodistributioncenterstoloaduponcasesofwaterforvirtuallyeverybasicchore:bathing,brushingteeth,makingdinner（一年多来，许多弗林特居民每天都要前往配送中心，为几乎每一项基本家务——洗澡、刷牙、做饭——准备一箱箱的水）.”可知，弗林特遭遇水危机，为了生计，他们不得不前往配送中心去取水，作者在第一段中提到的数字表明了水问题对弗林特人的影响，故选B。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Twelvemonthsago,thecitygovernmentdecidedtoswitchthewatersupplytotheFlintRiver,whichallowedleadandothertoxinsfromthecity’sagingpipestoflowintoresidents'taps（12个月前，市政府决定将供水转向弗林特河，这使得该市老化管道中的铅和其他毒素流入居民的水龙头）.”可知是不健康的水源导致了弗林特的水问题，故选C。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThecityhassinceswitcheditswatersourcebacktoDetroit'sproperlytreatedsupply,andtestresultshavestartedshowingsignsofnormalcy（该市已经将水源重新转向经过妥善处理的底特律供水，检测结果也开始显示出恢复正常的迹象）.”可知，弗林特的供水已被调回，故选A。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butevenwithnewinfrastructure（基础设施）,therealchallengeinFlintmayberestoringpublicconfidenceinthefaceofimmeasurabledistrust（但即使有了新的基础设施，弗林特的真正挑战可能是在难以估量的不信任面前恢复公众信心）.”可知，作者认为政府应该努力让人们相信它的可靠性，以恢复公众信任。故选D。（B）Interestedinlearningsimplemoveswhichcanleadtoalessstressed-outyou?Joinoureight-weekcourseoftrainingMindfulness-basedStressReduction.Belowisabriefintroductionofourfourstrategiestobuildtheabilitytorecoverfromstress.Bed/&canFormanyofus,workcanbesomentallyexhaustingthatit,spossibletoforgetthatwehaveanentirebodyattachedtoourhead.Thebody-scanmeditationisachancetohelpyoutuneintothetinypainsthatweoftendon,tevennotice.Itcanlastanywherefromoneto20minutes,andit'seasytodowhilelyinginbed.Here,showtodoit:liedownorsitstillinachairwithyoureyesclosed,andbegintosenseevery/ofthebodyinturn,startingatyourtoesandtravelingupfromthere.It'sagoodwayforustoreleasetensioiWBon'tevenrealizewe,reexperiencing.Mindfulnessisn'tallclosedeyesandastatue-stillposition.Stretchingtoo,canbemeditation.Mindfulmovementisalsoawaytopayattention.Thepointisn'ttotwistintoacomplexbodyposition,buttobetterunderstandthebody,slimitsandpotential.Cyclethroughslow,gentleposes,likeplacingakneetoyourchestwhilelyingonyourback,orasimplecat-cow(pictured)onallfours.Beforeyoustart,setasideafewminutestocalmdownandfocusonyourbreath.Andonceyou,redone,spendafewmomentslyingflatonyourbackwithyourmusclesrelaxed.Bre»thirigExerciseSimplybreathingwhilepayingattentiontothebreathistheheartofanymindfulnesspractice.Thegoalisn'ttoclearthemindbuttoletthoughtspasslikecloudswithoutgettingsuckedintowhattheymightmean.Ratherthanidentifyingwithathoughtorgettingcaughtupinit,theparticipantnoticesthethoughtandthensaysgoodbyetoit.Thatway,peoplecanhavealittlebitmorefreedominhowtorespondtointernalstimuliliketheirthoughts.Tocultivateawarenessofthebreath,findarelaxedseatandnotice—withoutthinkingaboutitortryingtochangeit—howyoubreatheinandout.Builduptoa15-to-20-minutepractice.waimnaitonWalkingisagoodframeworkforpracticingmindfulness.(Ideally,thisshouldbedonewithoutthepressureofhavingtogetanywhereonaparticularschedule.)Findaquietplaceinsideoroutdoorstotakeyourstroll.Whileyouwalk,focusoneachsmall,slowstep:theliftingofonefoot,theheel-firsttransferofweight,theshifttotheother.Everytimeyourfoothitstheground,bringyourattentiontoyourbreathandthefeelingsinyourbody.Walkingmeditationismoremanageablethan,say,sittingstillinthedark,anditcanalsoalleviatepainintheprocess.Trytopracticemindfulwalking,atanypace,for10to30minutes.GentleYogaandBreathingExercisearesimilarinthatbothofthem .A.involvestretchingbodiesconsiderably B.callforcontrollingpeople’sbreathC.emptypressurefrommindtemporarily D.helppeoplereducebodymovementAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Peoplecandotheirwalkingmeditationattheirownpace.Doingbodyscancanletgooftheunnoticedtension.Beforedoinggentleyoga,peopleneedtoliedownandrelaxmuscles.Breathingexerciserequirespeopletobreatheinausualway.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Warmingupactivityisrequiredbeforedoingtheseexercises.Theseexercisesarebetterfunctionedwhendoneindoors.Themoretimeyouspendontheexercises,thebetterresultyouget.Yourbodykeepsinamotionlessstatewhendoingbodyscan.【答案】60.B61.C62.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了减轻压力的训练课程中包含的四种策略方法。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据GentleYoga部分“Beforeyoustart,setasideafewminutestocalmdownandfocusonyourbreath”（在你开始之前，花几分钟时间冷静下来，专注于你的呼吸。）以及BreathingExercise部分“Simplybreathingwhilepayingattentiontothebreathistheheartofanymindfulnesspractice.”（在注意呼吸的同时简单地呼吸是任何正念练习的核心。）可知，舒缓瑜伽和呼吸训练一样，都要求控制好呼吸。故选B项。【61题详解】推理判断题。根据GentleYoga部分“Beforeyoustart,setasideafewminutestocalmdownandfocusonyourbreath.Andonceyou’redone,spendafewmomentslyingflatonyourbackwithyourmusclesrelaxed”（在你开始之前，花几分钟时间冷静下来，专注于你的呼吸。完成后，平躺一会儿，放松肌肉。）可知，在做完瑜伽后才需要平躺一会儿，放松肌肉，而不是在做瑜伽之前，C项表述错误。故选C项。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据BodyScan部分“Here'showtodoit:liedownorsitstillinachairwithyoureyesclosed”（方法如下：躺下或一动不动地坐在椅子上。）可推知，在进行身体扫描冥想活动时，身体需要处于一动不动的静止状态。故选D项。（C）Thestoryoftheemperor’snewclothesisoneofAndersen’sbest-knownfables.Conmen（骗子）fooltheemperorintobelievingtheyhavemadehimafabuloussuitthattheunworthywillbeunabletosee.Courtiers（侍从）darenotsaythattheemperorisnaked;ittakesachildtopointouttheobvious.Themoralisthatpeopleareoftentoohideboundbysocialtraditiontostatetheirviews.Howmanycompanieshaveploughedaheadwithexpensiveprojectsthatwerefavouredbythechiefexecutive,evenwhenothermanagershavehaddoubts?Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundsapproachproblemsfromdifferentangles—thatmuchshouldbeblindinglyobvious.Itisnotjustaboutselectingpeopleforteamsfrombothsexesandvariousethnicities.HireonlyCambridgepoliticsgraduatesorHarvardMBAsorStanfordsoftwareengineersandtheywillhavestudiedunderthesameprofessorsandabsorbedsimilarworldviewsregardlessoftheirgenderorskincolour.Inthemodernworld,withallitscomplexity,co-operationisessentialifbreakthroughsaretobemade.Inscienceandengineering,90%ofpapersarenowwrittenbyteamsratherthanindividuals.AnalysisofAmericanpatentfillingssince1975showedteamsdominateineveryoneofthe36definedcategories.Thereisanotherelementtoselectingagoodteam:ensuringthatthoseviewpointsareheardandrespe