2023年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十六科普研究类

PAGEPAGE12考点十六科普研究类A限时7分Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofastudyofDutchmeninwhichdeathsfromheartdiseaseweremorethan50percentloweramongthosewhoconsumedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)atleastanounceofsalt­waterfishperdaycomparedtoeq\a\vs4\al(P1)thosewhoneveratefish.TheDutchresearchisoneofthreehumanstudiesthatgivestrongscientificsupporttothelongheldbeliefthateatingfishcanprovideeq\a\vs4\al(W2)healthbenefits,particularlytotheheart.Heartdiseaseisthenumber­onekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Butpreviouseq\a\vs4\al(W3)researchhasshownthatthelevelofheartdiseaseislowerinculturesthatconsumemorefishthanAmericansdo.Therearefewerheartdiseasedeaths,forexample,amongtheEskimosofGreenland,whoconsumeabout14ouncesoffishaday,andamongtheJapanese,whosedailyfishconsumptionaveragesmorethan3ounces.For20years,theDutchstudyfollowed852middle­agedmen,20percentofwhomatenofish.Atthestartofthestudy,averagefishconsumptionwasabouttwo­thirdsofanounceeachday,withmoremeneatingleanfishthanfattyfish.Duringthenexttwodecades,78ofthemendiedfromheartdisease.Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish,evenatlevelsfarlowerthanthoseoftheJapaneseorEskimos.This_relationshipwastrueregardlessofeq\a\vs4\al(P2)otherfactorssuchasage,highbloodpressure,orbloodcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究说明，经常吃鱼对人的健康有好处，特别是在预防心脏疾病方面。1．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?A．Ads. B．Movies.C．Briefs. D．HealthandDiet.答案D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究报告，应该出现在报纸的饮食与健康版面。应选D。2．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．thehighincidenceofheartdiseaseinsomecountriesB．thechangesinpeople'sdietC．theeffectoffisheatingonpeople'shealthD．thedailyfishconsumptionofpeopleindifferentcultures答案C主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Asmallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofastudyofDutchmen...〞可知，本文主要是关于经常吃鱼对身体影响的一个研究发现。应选C。3．Thephrase“Thisrelationship〞inParagraph5referstotheconnectionbetween________andthelevelofheartdisease.A．theamountoffisheaten B．regularfish­eatingC．thekindoffisheaten D．peopleofdifferentareas答案B词义猜想题。根据前一句“Thefewestdeathswereamongthegroupwhoregularlyatefish，...〞可知，画线局部指的是规律性地吃鱼和心脏病水平的关系。应选B。4．Fromthepassageweknowtheauthorismostprobably________.A．aheartdoctorB．ascienceresearcherC．asupporterofhealthyeatingD．auniversitystudent答案C推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，每天吃鱼可以预防心脏病，同时说明这是一项荷兰人的研究发现。另外，文中一直在介绍该研究的发现，并没有说明作者的身份，因此可以推断他应该是一个健康饮食的支持者。应选C。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．consumevt.消费；消耗2.providevt.提供3．previousadj.以前的eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．compare...to...把……比作……；把……与……相比2．regardlessof不管，不顾eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Heartdiseaseisthenumber­onekillerintheUnitedStates,withmorethan550,000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.(with复合结构)译文：在美国，心脏病是头号杀手，每年因心脏病引起的死亡人数超过550000人。仿写：Shefollowedtheguidewith_her_head_down.她低着头，跟在导游后面。B限时7分Talkingplantsmightsoundlikecharactersinafairytale.Butrecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscommunicatewitheachotherandwithotherlivingthingsinasurprisingnumberofways.Tounderstandthem,scientistssay,wejusthavetolearntheirlanguage.Farmersareespeciallyinterestedinwhatplantshavetosay.“Plantsareabletocommunicatewithallsortsoforganisms(有机体).Theycancommunicatewithgiantbacteria,withotherplantsandwithinsects.Theydothischemically，〞saidCahill,anEcologyProfessoroftheUniversityofAlbertainCanada.Plantscientistsarejustbeginningtounderstandthischemical“language〞.Cahillsaysstudieshaveshown,forexample,thatplantscanevaluateeq\a\vs4\al(W1)conditionsintheirimmediateenvironmentandtakeappropriateactions.Plantshaveanability,forexample,tosignalpainordiscomfortcausedbyanythingfromtemperatureextremestoaninsectattack.JackSchultz,aprofessorofchemicalecologyattheUniversityofMissouri,sayswhenaplantsenseseq\a\vs4\al(W2)thatit'sbeingeaten,itcannotwalkawayfromtrouble;onthecontraryeq\a\vs4\al(P1)，itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.“Theirlanguageisachemicallanguage,anditinvolveschemicalsthatmovethroughtheairthatareeasytobechangeable,andmostofallaresmellsthatwearefamiliarwith，〞Schultzexplained.“Allplantsrespondedtoeq\a\vs4\al(P2)theattackbychangingtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves，〞Schultzrecalled.“Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.eq\a\vs4\al(S)〞Studieshavealsoshownthatplantsunderattackreleasepleasantchemicals.Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.Intheend,plants'abilitytocommunicatetheirneeds—andourabilitytounderstandthem—couldhelpfarmersreducetheuseofpoisonouschemicals,cutoperatingcostsandlimitdamagetotheenvironment.篇章导读：这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言〞及其功能。5．Therecentscientificstudieshaveshownthatplantscan________.A．communicatewithotherlivingthingsinachemicalwayB．hardlyreacttoanysuddenchangeintemperatureC．useaveryspecialchemicallanguagewhichisfamiliartousD．respondtotheattackbygivingoffpoisonouschemicals答案A细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，植物能够与其他生物通过化学语言的方式进行交流。应选A。6．Whenbeingeatenbyaninsect,theplantwill________.A．walkawayfromtroubleB．changeitschemistrytokilltheinsectC．releaseachemicalvaporto“ask〞otherplantsforhelpD．giveoffnicechemicalstoattractfriendlyinsectskillingthepest答案D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“whenaplantsensesthatit'sbeingeaten,...itwillreleaseachemicalvaporthatalertsotherplantsnearby.〞以及文章倒数第二段第二句“Thosechemicalsattractfriendlyinsectsthatattackthepestseatingtheplant.〞可知，当植物被昆虫蚕食的时候，植物会释放出一种化学蒸汽，这种化学蒸汽能够吸引有益的昆虫来袭击害虫。应选D。7．Theunderlinedword“alert〞mostprobablymeans“________〞．A．warn B．protectC．threaten D．allow答案A词义猜想题。根据上下文语境，植物在遭受攻击时会释放出一种化学物质，这种化学物质有两种功能，一是警示危险的存在；二是发出求助信息。由此可知，此处的alert意为“警示，告诫〞，即warn。应选A。8．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CommunicationbetweenplantsB．Achemical“language〞C．PlantscantalkD．Howplantsprotectthemselves答案C标题判断题。文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言〞及其功能。C项既能概括文章的主题又生动幽默，尤其是talk一词充满了拟人化的幽默感。应选C。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．evaluatevt.评估；评价2．sensevt.发觉；意识到n.感官；意识；理性eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．onthecontrary正相反，相反地2．respondto对……做出反响eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Butwewerequitesurprisedtofindthatnearbyplantsalsochangedtheirchemistrytodefendthemselves,eventhoughtheywerenotpartoftheexperiment.(eventhough引导让步状语从句)译文：但是我们非常吃惊地发现，附近的植物也改变了自身的化学物质来保护自己，即使这些植物并不是实验的一局部。仿写：Wewon'tchangeourplaneven_though_it_rains_tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变方案。C限时8分Thehumanbodyisanamazingmachine.It'stough,andweusuallyrecoverfromillnessorinjuryonourown,withoutthehelpofeq\a\vs4\al(P1)adoctor.Butwhathappenswhenweneedmedicaltreatment?Inthepast,somepeoplewenttoahospitaltoseeamedicaldoctor.Otherspreferredtraditionaltreatments,suchasherbalmedicine(中药)oracupuncture(针灸).Thesetwotypesofmedicine—onemodernandWesternandtheotherancientandEastern—usedtohavenothingtodowitheachother.Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguncombiningbothmodernmedicalscienceandmoretraditionaltreatments.Thisnewkindofmedicineisoftencalledintegrativemedicinebecauseitintegrates,orcombines,differenttypesofmedicalapproacheseq\a\vs4\al(W1).Someoftheprinciplesofintegrativemedicineincludepreventing_illness_by_helping_people_stay_healthy,_integratingdifferenttypesoftreatmentsaccordingtopatientneeds,andconsideringthehealthofthewholepersonratherthanconcentratingonaparticularillnessorinjury.OnehealthorganizationinAmericahasopeneditsIntegrativeMedicineandWellnessCenter.Atthecenter,membersareoffereddifferentservices.Thosesufferingbackachecantrymassagetorelaxeq\a\vs4\al(W2)theirmusclesandencouragetheflowofhealingenergyintheirbody.Thosewithallergiesarehelpedtodeveloptheirbody'snaturalresistance.Andthosewhoaren'till,butwanttoimprovetheirstrengthandfocustheirmind,taketaichioryogoclasses.Integrativemedicinepatientsappreciatehavinganalternativetosurgeryortodrugsandtheirharmfulsideeffects.Theyalsoenjoyactivitiesandtreatmentsthatmakethemfeelbettereveniftheyarenotsick.Andeconomicallyeq\a\vs4\al(W3)，preventingillnessismuchlessexpensivethanahospitalstay.AccordingtoDrAndrewWeil,founderofthePrograminIntegrativeMedicineattheUniversityofArizona,integrativemedicinecombinesthebestpartsofWesternmedicinewitheq\a\vs4\al(P2)traditionaltherapies.Andbecausebothdoctorsandpatientsareworkingtopreventillness,theybecomepartnerswiththesamegoalinsteadofstrangerswhoseeeachotheronlywhenthepatientissick.eq\a\vs4\al(S)篇章导读：这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病的价值。9．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．WesternmedicineB．AcupunctureandherbalmedicineC．ChangesinmedicaleducationD．Combiningmodernandtraditionalmedicine答案D标题判断题。这篇文章主要介绍的是采用中西医结合的方法来预防疾病，A、B、C都很片面，所以以D为标题更为恰当。应选D。10．Byusingtheunderlinedstatement“preventingillnessbyhelpingpeoplestayhealthy〞inParagraph2,thewriterwantsto________.A．provideadviceonhowtostayhealthyB．describeaprincipleofintegrativemedicineC．recommendmodernmedicineovertraditionalmedicineD．explainwhysomepeopledoubttheeffectivenessofnewtreatments答案B推理判断题。根据画线局部前面的“Someoftheprinciplesofintegrativemedicineinclude〞可知，作者写这句话意在描述中西结合药物的原理。应选B。11．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofintegrativemedicine?A．Havingaheartoperation.B．Takingapainkillerforaheadache.C．Usingherbaltreatmentsafteranoperation.D．Havingherbalmedicineandacupuncture.答案C推理判断题。中西结合治疗的特点就是要将现代西方医疗和传统中医相结合。A、B项只有西医，D项只有中医。应选C。12．WhichisNOTmentionedasanadvantageofintegrativemedicine?A．Patientstakeactionstoavoidgettingill.B．Itcostslessthanmedicalcareinhospitals.C．Patientshavemorechoicesintermsoftreatment.D．Doctorsareabletocarryoutmoremedicalresearch.答案D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述，A、B、C三项的表达在文中均有对应的信息，只有D不符合文意。应选D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．approachn.方法；途径vt.接近，靠近2．relaxvt.放松3．economicallyadv.在经济上eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．withoutthehelpof在没有……的帮助下2．combine...with...把……与……结合起来eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Andbecausebothdoctorsandpatientsareworkingtopreventillness,theybecomepartnerswiththesamegoalinsteadofstrangerswhoseeeachotheronlywhenthepatientissick.(because引导原因状语从句)译文：由于医生和病人都在致力于预防疾病，所以他们成为了有相同目标的合作伙伴而不再是只有在病人生病时才见面的陌生人了。仿写：Welikephysics,because_we_can_learn_a_lot_of_useful_skills.我们喜欢物理学，因为我们能学到很多有用的技巧。D限时6分“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou？〞askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves，〞hesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.“Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples(涟漪),butiftheykeeponblowing,thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves，〞Taylorsaid.“Wavesareoneofnature'swaysofpicking_upenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney.〞Whenwavescometowardtheshore,peoplecansetupeq\a\vs4\al(P1)damstoblockthewaterandsenditthroughalargewheelcalledaturbine(涡轮机).Theturbinecanthenpoweranelectricalgeneratortoproduceelectricity.“Theresourceeq\a\vs4\al(W1)ishuge，〞saidJanetSwainoftheWorldWatchInstitute.“Wewillneverrunoutofeq\a\vs4\al(P2)wavepower.〞Besides,waveenergydoesnotcreatethesamepollutionasotherenergysources,suchasoilorcoal.OceanscoverthreequartersoftheEarth'ssurface—thatwouldmakewavepowerseemidealeq\a\vs4\al(W2)forcreatingenergythroughouttheworld,thoughtherearesomeweakpointsyettoovercomeeq\a\vs4\al(W3).Swainsaidthatwavepowerstillcoststoomuchmoney.Shealsosaidthatitseffectsonseaanimalsarestillunknown.Whatismoreeq\a\vs4\al(P3)，wavepowercouldaffectfishingandboattraffic.Traditionalsourcesofenergylikeoilandgasmaysomedayrunout.“DemandforenergytopowerourTVsandcomputers,driveourcars,andheatandcoolourhomesisrisingrapidlythroughouttheworld，〞Swainsaid.Inthefuturewhenyouturnonalight,anoceanwavecouldbeprovidingtheelectricity!篇章导读：这是一篇科普说明文，介绍了有关海洋波浪能源的应用前景及存在的问题。13．Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto________.A．testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwavesB．drawthereaders'attentiontothetopicC．showJamieTaylor'simportanceD．invitethereaderstoanswerthem答案B推理判断题。作者在问题后谈到了波浪能源的相关内容，所以文章开头的两个问句是为了引起读者的注意，从而引出文章主题。应选B。14．Theunderlinedphrase“pickingup〞isclosestinmeaningto“________〞．A．startingagain B．speedingupC．improving D．gathering答案D词义猜想题。下文提到海浪到达岸边后被水坝拦截住，这是收集能源的过程。故pickingup在此意为“收集〞，与gathering同义。应选D。15．Wecanmakebetteruseofwaveenergyifwe________.A．shortenitsjourneytothousandsofhomesB．buildmoresmallpowerstationsontheoceansC．reducethecostofturningitintoelectricpowerD．quickenthestepsofproducingelectricity答案C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Swainsaidthatwavepowerstillcoststoomuchmoney.〞可知，波浪能源仍耗资很多。由此可知，如果我们能降低波浪能源的发电本钱，我们将会更好地利用波浪能源。应选C。16．Itcanbeinferredthatsomedaywemightnotworryabout________.A．ourpowersupply B．ourboattrafficC．airpollution D．oursupplyofseafish答案A细节理解题。由第二段中的“‘Theresourceishuge，’saidJanetSwainoftheWorldWatchInstitute.‘Wewillneverrunoutofwavepower.’〞可以得出，答案选A，即“将来终有一天我们不必再为电力供给担忧〞。neverrunoutof意为“永远不会枯竭〞。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．resourcen.资源2．idealadj.理想的；完美的3．overcomevt.克服eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．setup建立2.runoutof用完；耗尽3．whatismore而且；此外eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.(现在进行时)译文：科学家们正致力于用这种能源来发电。仿写：We_are_helping_the_farmers_workonthefarmthesedays.这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。A限时8分[2022·东北三省四市一模]Thefollowingsimpleexerciseroutineworksaswellaseq\a\vs4\al(P1)prescriptionmedication(药物治疗)withoutthesideeffects.Ajogadaycouldkeepyourheadachesatbay:Regularcardioworkouts(有氧锻炼)maypreventmigraines(偏头痛),agrowingbodyofresearchsuggests.Migrainepatientshadfewerheadachesafterdoing40­minutecyclingworkoutsthreetimesaweekforthreemonths,accordingtoaSwedishstudy.Theexerciseroutineeq\a\vs4\al(W1)workedjustaswellasoneofthetopmigraine­preventingdrugs—topamiratebutwithoutthesideeffectsofdepressionandtremors(刺激)．Cardioworkoutscanhelpwithregularheadaches,too,saysAlexanderMauskop,M．D.,directoroftheNewYorkHeadacheCenterinManhattan.Thereareacoupleoftheoriesonhowitworks.Breakingasweatmayrelievestress,saysDrMauskop.Headachesareoftentriggeredbystress,andifyouremovethetrigger,youreleasethepain.Thefeel­goodchemicalsproducedwhenyouexerciseactuallyblockyourpainsensors,actingasanaturalpainkiller.Sinceheadachescanbecausedbymanydifferentfactorseq\a\vs4\al(W2)likegenetics(遗传),lackofsleep,orcertainfoods,cardiowon'tbethesolutionforeveryone,DrMauskopsays.ButoneGermanstudyfoundthatithelped65percentofpatients,whichmakesitaseffectiveasthebestmedicinesonthemarket.eq\a\vs4\al(S)DrMauskoprecommendseq\a\vs4\al(W3)hispatientsdoahalf­hourreasonableintensity(强度)cardio,likejogging,biking,orswimmingthreetimesaweek.Theseworkoutsaremeanttobeslowandsteady,asopposedtohigh­intensityintervalsthatalternatebetweenall­outrunsandrest.Pushingyourselftoomuchorincreasingtheintensitytooquicklycantriggerheadachesinsomepeople,somakesureeq\a\vs4\al(P2)yourheartratedoesn'tjumpabove150BPM.Ifyoudon'thaveaheartratemonitor,thenbreatheonlythroughyournose.You'llknowyou'regoingtoohardifyoucan'tkeepupthatbreathingpattern.Yourmigrainescouldstartdisappearinginacoupleofweeks,DrMauskopsays.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家研究发现有氧运动可以有效治疗偏头痛。1．Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A．jogging,swimmingandfishingarecardioworkoutsB．neithercardioworkoutsnortopamiratehassideeffectsC．migrainepatientsmaybecuredbyregularcardioworkoutsD．cardioworkoutswillbethesolutionforeveryonewithmigraines答案C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，规律的有氧运动有助于治愈偏头痛，故C项正确。根据文章倒数第三段可知，A项表述不正确；根据文章第四段可知，topamirate有副作用，故B项不正确；根据文章倒数第四段第一句中“cardiowon’tbethesolutionforeveryone〞可知，D项不正确。2．Theunderlinedword“triggered〞inParagraph7canbereplacedby________.A．cured B．releasedC．caused D．monitored答案C词义猜想题。画线词所在的第七段讲的是流汗会缓解压力，头痛通常由压力引起，如果消除压力，疼痛就会缓解。由此可知，trigger意为“引发，激发(尤指一系列事件)〞，与cause意义相近。3．Thefeel­goodchemicalsproducedcanhelpwithregularheadachesbecause________.A．iteasesthestress B．itbreaksasweatC．itpreventsmigraines D．itblocksyourpainsensors答案D细节理解题。根据文章第八段“Thefeel­goodchemicalsproducedwhenyouexerciseactuallyblockyourpainsensors,actingasanaturalpainkiller.〞可知，人类运动的时候，产生令人感觉愉悦的化学物质，能够阻挡疼痛传感器，像一种天然的止痛药一样起作用。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AcureforheadachesB．SideeffectsofmigraineC．ThecausesofheadachesD．Advantagesofcardioworkouts答案A标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了有氧运动有助于治愈偏头痛，因此A项作为文章标题最适合。B项在文章中没有被提及；C、D两项在文章中略有提及，但都是为了说明有氧运动对于治疗偏头痛的价值的。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．routinen.惯例；常规2.factorn.因素3．recommendvt.推荐eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．aswellas也；又；和2.makesure确信；确保eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：ButoneGermanstudyfoundthatithelped65percentofpatients,whichmakesitaseffectiveasthebestmedicinesonthemarket.(“make＋宾语＋宾补〞结构)译文：但是一项德国的研究发现，它对65%的病人有帮助，与市场上最好的药物一样有效。仿写：Itrainedheavily,which_made_it_impossible_for_us_to_go_out.雨下得很大，使得我们无法出去。B限时7分[2022·四川高考]Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk〞containseq\a\vs4\al(W1)moremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxietyeq\a\vs4\al(W2).Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwitheq\a\vs4\al(P1)driedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonoweq\a\vs4\al(P2)，takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugar－freeandadditive－freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.eq\a\vs4\al(S)篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了科研人员的一项新发现，即在睡觉前喝夜晚产出的牛奶的人或其他动物更容易入睡，因为这种牛奶中含有更多褪黑激素。5．Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk________.A．startedsleepmoreeasilyB．weremoreanxiousC．werelessactiveD．wokeuplater答案B推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知，那些被喂食了夜间产出的含十倍量褪黑激素牛奶的老鼠和被喂食了白天产出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些，也不容易焦躁。故答案为B项。6．Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?A．It'sbeentestedonmicefortentimes.B．Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C．Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D．It'susedinsleepingdrugs.答案D细节理解题。根据文章第六段可知，建议晚上睡眠有困难的人服用褪黑激素药物。故答案为D项“褪黑激素被用于安眠药中〞。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．NightMilkandSleepB．Fat,SugarandHealthC．AnExperimentonMiceD．MilkDrinkingandHealth答案A标题判断题。文章第一段就给出了本文的主题：夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。故答案为A项。8．Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bystatingarguments.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D．Byprovidingresearchresults.答案D推理判断题。文章是通过一系列的研究结果来支持主题的，所以D项正确。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．containvt.包含；容纳2.anxietyn.焦虑eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．befedwith以……为食；饲喂2．uptonow直到现在eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.(the＋比拟级，the＋比拟级“越……，就越……〞)译文：你在睡前摄入的脂肪量越多，那么你的身体在晚上承受的负担就越大。仿写：The_more_carefulyouare,the_fewer_mistakesyouwillmake.你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。C限时8分[2022·河南郑州一模]“Aphotographthatonehastakenofoneself,typicallywithasmartphoneorwebcamanduploadedtoasocialmediawebsite〞isthedefinitioneq\a\vs4\al(W1)of“selfie〞intheOxfordEnglishDictionary.Infact,itwasn'teveninthedictionaryuntil2022.Itearneditsplacetherebecausepeoplearenowsoobsessedwith(对……痴迷)selfies—wetakethemwhenwetryoneq\a\vs4\al(P1)anewhat,playwithourpetsorwhenwemeetafriendwhomwehaven'tseeninawhile.Butisthereanyscientificexplanationeq\a\vs4\al(W2)forthisobsession?Well,youshouldprobablyaskJamesKilner,aneuroscientist(神经系统科学家)atUniversityCollegeLondon.Throughourlifetimewebecomeexpertsatrecognizingandinterpretingotherpeople'sfacesandfacialexpressions.Incontrast,accordingtoKilner,wehaveaverypoorunderstandingofourownfacessincewehavelittleexperienceoflookingatthem—wejustfeelthemmostofthetime.Thishasbeenprovedinpreviousstudies,accordingtotheBBC.Kilnerfoundthatmostpeoplechosethemoreattractivepicture.Thissuggeststhatwetendtothinkofourselvesaseq\a\vs4\al(P2)better­lookingthanweactuallyare.Tofurthertesthowweactuallyperceiveourownfaces,Kilnercarriedoutanotherstudy.Heshowedpeopledifferentversionsoftheirownportrait—theoriginal,onethathadbeeneditedtolooklessattractiveandonethatwasmademoreattractive—andaskedthemtopicktheversionwhichtheythoughtlookedmostlikethem.Theychosethemoreattractiveversion.Butwhatdoesitsayaboutselfies?Well,isn'tthatobviouseq\a\vs4\al(W3)？Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphotograph—bytakingitfromvariousangles,withdifferentposes,usingfilters(滤色镜)andsoon—thatbettermatchesourexpectationswithouractualfaces.“Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon'thaveinnon­virtual(非虚拟的)interactions，eq\a\vs4\al(S)〞KilnertoldtheCanada­basedCTVNews.Selfiesallowyou“tokeeptakingpicturesuntilyoumanagetotakeoneyou'rehappywith，〞heexplained.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要是对人们痴迷于自拍这一现象所进行的研究，研究发现这是因为人们通常认为自己的自拍照比实际的面貌要好看一些。9．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thedefinitionandfunoftakingselfies.B．Astudyofwhypeoplelovetakingselfies.C．Howtakingselfiesinfluencespeople'sdailylives.D．Howtointerpretpeople'sfacialexpressionsintheirselfies.答案B主旨大意题。文章第一段指出了人们对自拍照痴迷的现象，第二段讲述的是要想知道为什么人们会痴迷自拍照就要向神经系统科学家基尔纳寻求答案，接下来的几段就是基尔纳对于该现象的研究调查分析，所以本文主旨就是一项关于为什么人们会对自拍照痴迷的研究。应选B。10．Theunderlinedword“perceive〞inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________〞．A．interpret B．beautifyC．choose D．explain答案A词义猜想题。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，进一步测试就是为了检测我们到底是如何理解自己的真实面貌的。因此，perceive表示“理解；看待〞，与A项意义接近。应选A。11．WhatdidKilnerdiscoverfromhisresearches?A．Peopleinterpretothers'facialexpressionsworsethantheirown.B．Peopletendtospendmoretimelookingattheirfacesthanatothers'.C．Peopletendtobelievetheylookmoreattractivethantheyactuallyare.D．Peoplewholiketakingselfiesknowmoreabouttheirfacialexpressions.答案C细节理解题。根据第五段第一、二句“Kilnerfoundthatmostpeoplechosethemoreattractivepicture...wetendtothinkofourselvesasbetter­lookingthanweactuallyare.〞可知，人们倾向于认为自己比实际上的自己更好看。应选C。12．AccordingtoKilner,peopleliketakingselfiesprobablybecausetheythink________.A．itisagoodchancetolearnmoreabouttheiractualfacesB．itisawaytorespondtoothers'facialexpressionscorrectlyC．itenablesthemtointeractwiththeirfriendsinsocialmediaD．itallowsthemtosatisfytheirexpectationswiththeirappearances答案D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“Selfiesgiveusthepowertocreateaphotograph...thatbettermatchesourexpectationswithouractualfaces.〞可知，自拍照可以让我们去设计一张更符合我们期待的照片。应选D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．definitionn.定义2.explanationn.解释3．obviousadj.明显的eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．tryon试穿；试戴2．thinkof...as...把……看作……eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿写)原文：Yousuddenlyhavecontrolinawaythatyoudon'thaveinnon­virtualinteractions.(way作先行词的定语从句)译文：你突然拥有了一种在非虚拟的互动中不曾有过的控制力。仿写：The_way_(that/which)_she_came_up_withatthemeetingwasgreat.她在会议上提出来的方法太棒了。D限时9分[2022·南宁检测]Twonewstudiessuggestthatmodernrunningshoescouldincreasetheriskeq\a\vs4\al(W1)ofinjuriestorunners.Onestudyinvolvedsixty­eighthealthyyoungwomenandmenwhoranatleasttwenty­fourkilometersaweek.Therunnerswereobservedonatreadmillmachine(跑步机).Sometimestheyworerunningshoes.Othertimestheyranbarefoot.ResearchersfromtheJKMTechnologiescompanyinVirginia,theUniversityofVirginiaandtheUniversityofColoradodidthestudy.Theyfoundthatrunningshoescreateeq\a\vs4\al(W2)morestressthatcoulddamageeq\a\vs4\al(W3)knees,hipsandanklejointsthanrunningbarefoot.Theyobservedthattheeffectwasevengreaterthantheeffectreportedearlierforwalkinginhighheels.ThestudyappearedintheofficialscientificjournalofTheAmericanAcademyofPhysicalMedicine.TheotherstudyappearedinthejournalNature.ItcomparedrunnersintheUnitedStatesandKenya.TheresearcherswerefromHarvardUniversityintheUSA,MoiUniversityinKenyaandtheUniversityofGlasgowintheUK.Theydividedtherunnersintothreegroups.Onegrouphadalwaysrunshoeless.Anothergrouphadalwaysrunwithshoes.Andthethirdgrouphadchangedtoshoelessrunning.Runnerswhowearshoesusuallycomedownheelfirst.Thatputsgreatforceonthebackofthefoot.Butthestudyfoundthatbarefootrunnersgenerallylandonthefrontormiddleoftheirfoot.Thatwaytheyeaseintotheirlandingandavoidstrikingeq\a\vs4\a