2017年10月逻辑课中第三天第二次

：sasori003 将会被录→不一定会被录→没戴帽子的人有可能是没有钱买帽→可能不超过90%的人买不起那辆：sasori003 intoquestion/flaw/weakness/rebuttal…Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheconclusiondrawninthepassage?Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldindicatethemostweaknessinthenWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,castsmostdoubtwhetherthen,ifimplemented,willachieveits：sasori003 性假设，其次考虑其有significantly其次考虑存在性假设设优先考虑可行性假设其次考虑性假设（单面性）和其他假设 实现了也实现：sasori003 文章：A&B选项：A&C×文章：Aisgood选项：A＜B×文章：A&B选项：AB×问题：削弱选项：加强问题：加强 条件C在未来是否会发C在过去为什么优先考虑等效性/守恒性有significantly优先考虑优先考虑排他性假设，其次考虑存在假设（优先考虑可行性假设，其次考虑性假 ：sasori003 Statenationspokers :Manyentrepreneurswhohavenotbeentoourcountrybelievethatwehaveapoorroadsystem.Thosepeoplearemistaken,asisclearfromthefactthatineachofthepastfiveyears,ourcountryhasspentmoremoneyper onroadimprovementsthananyothercountry.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminesthereasoninginthespokes ’sargument? 问题：削弱论证，找道路不一定不比别人差选

Inthespokes’scountry,spendingonimprovementshasbeenincreasingmoreslowlyoverthefiveyearsthanithasinseveralotherAdequacyofacountry’sroadsystemisgenerallylessimportanttoabusinessconsideringngbusinesstherethanistheavailabilityofqualifiedemployees.Overthepastfiveyears,numerousbusinesshaveleftthespokes’scountry,butaboutasmanybusinesshavemovedintothecountry.Ingeneral,thenumberofofroadinacountry’sroadsystemdependsonboththeareaandthepopulationoftheOnlycountrieswithseriouslyinadequateroadsystemsneedtospendlargeamountsofmoneyonroadimprovements：sasori003

Treatmentforhighbloodpressure allscertainmedicalfeesbypreventingstrokesandheartdisease.However,anymoneysosavedamountstoonlyone-fifthoftheexpendituresneededtotreatthehighbloodpressure.Therefore,thereisnoeconomicjustificationfortreatmentforhighbloodWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,ismostdamagingtotheconclusionabove?

问题：削弱论证，找不一定没有经济理由选背景：治疗高血压能预防中风心脏病从而省下治省下治疗费不到

不到

：sasori003 ThemanyfatalstrokesandheartattacksduetountreatedhighpressurecauseinsignificantmedicalfeesbutlargeeconomiclossesotherThecost,perpatient,ofpreventivetreatmentforhighbloodpressurewouldremainstableevenifsuchtreatmentwereinstitutedonalargeInmattersofhealthcare,economicconsiderationsshouldideallynotEffectivepreventionpresupposesearlydiagnosis,andprogramstoensureearlydiagnosisarecostly.Thenetsavingsinmedicalresourcesachievedbysomepreventivehealthmeasuresaresmallerthanthenetlossesattributabletocertainothermeasuresofthis

Onaverage,thetreatmentofurgentsituationforanelderlyforinjuriesresultingofafallcosts$15000.Atherapeuticprogramcanconsiderablyreducean’spossibilityoffalling.Obviouslydesirableformanyreasons,butthistreatmentprogramwillcost$17500andthuscannotbejustified.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakentheconclusionabove?

问题：削弱论证，找不一定没有理由选背景：跌倒急救费15000，新方案降低跌倒的可能

花

由由 Amongelderlypeoplewhohadonlyfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thefigureofseriousfallsreportedwasbiggerthanitwasforpeoplewhohadalreadyfollowedtheprogramforits minimumlengthofoneyear.Fallsleadingtoseriousinjuriesarelessfrequentamongelderlypeoplelivinginnursinghousesthantheyareamongelderlypeoplewholiveathomebythemselves. Afrequentinjuryresultsustainedinfallsislong-termpain,medicationforwhichisnotcalculatedamongtheaverageper-costsoftreatmentofurgentsituationforelderlypeople'sinjuriesfromsuchfalls.Thenovicetherapeuticprogramconcentratesontherapiesotherthanmedication,sinceovermedicationcanresultindisorientationandthereforeincreasethelikelihoodthatanelderlywillhaveserious Aconsiderableportionofthecostofthenovicetherapeuticprogramisrepresentedbyregularvisitsbyhealthinsuranceprofessionals,thecostsofwhichtendtoincreasemorequicklythandothoseofotherfactorsoftheprogram.：sasori003

Scientistsnowbelievethatartificial-hipimnts,previouslythoughttobesafe,mayactuallyincreasetheriskofcancerinrecipientsafterabout45yearsofuse.Thoughtheseimntsdoimprovethequalityofrecipient’slives,theincreasedriskofcancerisanunacceptablepricetopayfortheseimprovements.Therefore,theyshouldbebanned.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthestrongestweaknesstotheargumentabove?：sasori003

问题：削弱论证，找手术不一定 的选 率增加是不可被接受的代

Artificial-hipimntsurgerycancauseseverecomplications,suchasinfection,chronicfever,andbonedegeneration,andthesecomplicationscanthemselvesbecripplingorevenfatal.Almostallartificial-hipimntrecipientsreceivetheirimntsatanwhentheyareunlikelytolivemorethananadditional30Althoughartificial-hipimntsincreasetheriskofcancerafteraboutyearofuse,afewofthecancerstheyinducearenotSinceartificial-hipimntsarenotverycommon,banningthemcauselittle Althoughthebenefitsofartificial-hipimntsurgeryhaveremainedsubstantiallythesameoverthepastdecade,thepriceofthesurgeryhasrisenconsiderably.：sasori003

TheaveragelifeexpectancyfortheUnitedStatesasawholeis73.9years,butchildrenborninHawaiiwillliveanaverageof77years,andthoseborninLouisiana,71.7years.IfanewlywedcouplefromLouisianaweretobegintheirfamilyinHawaii,therefore,theirchildrenwouldbeexpectedtolivelongerthanwouldbethecaseifthefamilyremainedinLouisiana.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheconclusiondrawninthepassage?

问题：削弱论证，找搬去夏威夷不一定长寿的选背景：夏威夷平均

：sasori003 InsurancestatisticiansdonotbelievethatmovingHawaiiwillsignificantlylengthentheaverageLouisianan’sTheernorofLouisianahasfalselyallegedthatstatisticsareThelongevityascribedtoHawaii’scurrentpopulationattributablemostlytogeneticallydeterminedThirtypercentofallLouisiananscanexpecttolivelongerthan77years.MostoftheHawaiianIslandshavelevelsofairpollutionwellbelowthenationalaveragefortheUnitedStates.：sasori003

Thepriceofmaplesyruphasjumpedfrom22dollarsagallonthreeyearsagoto40dollarsagallontoday.Itcanbeconcludedthatmaple-syrupharvestershavebeenartificiallyinflatingpricesandthaternmentalpriceregulationsarenecessarytocontrolrisingprices.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemostdoubtontheconclusiondrawnabove?：sasori003

问题：削弱论证，找不一定有必要控制价格的

Theernmentalreadyrequiresmaple-syrupharvesterstosubmittheirfacilitiestolicensingbythehealthdepartment.Insectinfestationanddroughthavestuntedthegrowthofsyrup-producingmapletreesandcausedless-abundantsyrupharvests.默认：供不应求价格上涨；供过于求价格下降Maplesyrupisproducedinruralareasthatsufferfromhighunemployment.Technologicalimprovementsinmaple-syrupharvestinghavereducedproductioncosts.Maple-syruppriceshaverisenmanytimesinthepast,thoughneverbeforeattheraterecentlyobserved.：sasori003

条件论C在未来是否会发生优先考虑等效性/守恒性假设，其次考虑有significantly优先考虑性假优先考虑排他性假设，其次考虑存在性假设（因果关系）和其他假设优先考虑可行性假设，其次考虑性假同因反果/反因同 ：sasori003

Anexcessivelycentralizedeconomy,notthechangesintheclimate,isresponsiblefortheinadequateagriculturalproductioninCountryXsinceitsnewadministrationcametopower.NeighboringCountryYhasexperiencedthesameclimaticcircumstance,butwhenagriculturalproductionhasbeenfallinginCountryX,ithasbeenrisinginCountryY.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakenargument

问题：削弱论证，找原因不一定是经济集中化的选背景：X和Y气候环境相同，Y作物产量上升。

IndustrialproductionalsoisdeclininginCountryWhereasCountryYislandlocked,CountryXhasamajorBothCountryXandCountryYhavebeenexperiencingdroughtconditions.ThecropsthathavealwaysbeengrowninCountryXaredifferentfromthosethathavealwaysbeengrowninCountryY.CountryX'snewadministrationinstitutedacentralizedeconomywiththeintentionofensuringanequitabledistributionofgoods.

Advertisement:Tenyearsago,theHiltonHo'slobbywascarpetedwithHimalayacarpetwhilethelobbyofanearbyhowasbeingcarpetedwithourcompetitor'smostdurablecarpet.Nowadays,afteradecadeinwhichthetwohoshavehadsimilaramountsoffoottrafficthroughtheirlobbies,thatotherhoishavingtorecetheworn-outcarpetingnearitslobbyentrances,whereastheHilton'sHimalayacarpetinghasyearsofwearleftinit.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheoftheadvertisement'sevidenceforconcludingthatHimalayacarpetismoredurablethanthecarpetofitscompetitor?：sasori003

问题：削弱论证，找原因不一定是H更耐磨的选项背景：用H地毯，对手用别的地毯

不不：sasori003 ThelobbyoftheHiltonHohasfivedifferententrances,thelobbyoftheotherhohasonlyThecarpetoftheHiltonHo'slobbyisnotthemostdurablecarpetthatHimalayamanufactures.TheotherhohasapopularrestaurantthatcanbefromoutsidewithoutwalkingthroughthehoThecarpetthatisbeingusedtorececarpetingneartheotherho'slobbyentrancesisnotHimalayacarpet.ThereisathirdhoneartheothertwothathasnotrecedtheHimalayacarpetinitslobbyformorethan15years.：sasori003

Theiceonthefrontwindowshieldofthecarhadformedwhenmoisturecondensedduringthenight.Theicemeltedquicklyafterthecarwaswarmedupthenextmorningbecausethedefrostingvent,whichblowsonthefrontwindshield,wasturnedonfull.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyjeopardizesthevalidityoftheexnationforthespeedwithwhichtheice：sasori003

问题：削弱论证，找原因不一定是除霜的选背景：车前窗晚上结冰。

ThesidewindowshadnoicecondensationonEventhoughnoattemptwasmadetodefrostthebackwindow,theicetheremeltedatthesamerateasdidtheiceonthefrontwindow.Thespeedatwhichiceonawindowmeltsincreaseasthetemperatureoftheairblownonthewindowincrease.ThewarmairfromthedefrostingventforthefrontwindshieldcoolsrapidlyasitdissipatesthroughouttherestofthecarThedefrostingventoperatesefficientlyevenwhentheheater,whichblowswarmairtowardthefeetorfacesofthedriverandpassengers,ison

AnunusuallyseverewinteroccurredinAmericaafterthecontinentwasblanketedbyabluehazeresultingfromtheeruptionoftheKilaVolcanointheAmericainthesummerof1984.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthatmajoreruptionscausetheatmosphereto ecoolerthanitwouldbeWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostundermineargument

问题：削弱论证，找火山喷发不一定导致大气变冷的选

：sasori003 Thecoolingeffecttriggeredbyvolcaniceruptionsin1985counctedbyanunusuallywarmingofFaciftThereisastrongstatisticallinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandtheseverityoftherainyseasoninAsiaAfewmonthsafterRIBranden’slargeeruptioninMay1983,airtemperaturesthroughouttheregionremainedhigherthanexpected,giventhelong-termweathertrends.Theclimaticeffectsofmajorvolcaniceruptioncantemporarilymaskthegeneralwarmingtrendresultingfromanexcessofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.TwomonthsafteranearlyspringtimeeruptioninNorthEuropeduringthelate18thcentury,seasurfacetemparaturesnearthecoastbegantodecline. Astudyofmaritalrelationshipsinwhichonepartner'ssleeandwakingcyclesdifferfromthoseoftheotherpartnerrevealsthatsuchcouplessharefeweractivitieswitheachotherandhavemoreviolentargumentsthandocouplesinarelationshipinwhichbothpartnersfollowthesameslee andwakingpatterns.Thus,mismatchedslee andwakingcyclescanseriouslyjeopardizeamarriage.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargumentabove?：

AMarriedcouplesinwhichbothspousesfollowthesame andwakingpatternsalsooccasionallyhaveargumentsthatcanjeopardizethecouple'smarriage.BTheslee andwakingcyclesofindividualstendtovaryfromseasontoseason.CTheIndividualswhohaveslee andwakingcyclesthatdiffersignificantlyfromthoseoftheirspousestendtoarguelittlewithcolleaguesatwork.DPeopleinunhappymarriageshavebeenfoundtoexpresshostilitybyadoptingdifferentslee andwakingcyclesfromthoseoftheirspouses.EAccordingtoarecentstudy,mostpeople's wakingcyclescanbecontrolledandmodified 条件论C在未来是否会发生原因论C在过去为什么会发优先考虑等效性/守恒性假设，其次考虑有significantly优先优先考虑排他性假设，其次考虑存在性假设（果关系）和其他优先考虑可行性假设，其次考虑性假设（单面找他同因反果/反因b.实现了也实现不了：sasori003

特殊形式：N-GOAL（目的：n,proposal, 推论：正确答案尽量和n及goal高度相：sasori003

Expertsarediscussingwaystoremoveexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmospherebyraisingtheamountthatisabsorbedby ntlife.Oneofthe nstoachievethisistoestablishgiantfloatingseaweedfarmsinthewild.Whenthe ntsdie,theywillbedisposedofbybeingburnedforWhichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldindicatetheseriousweaknessin n

问题：削弱论证，找养海藻不一定减少CO2的选项背景：海藻死后做烧

减少大气中：sasori003 SomeareasofoceanintheSouthernHemispheredocontainsufficientnutrientstosupportlargeseaweedWhenaseaweed ntisburned,itreleasesanamountofcarbondioxidecomparabletotheamountithasabsorbedinitsEvenifseaweedfarmsproveeffective,somepeoplewillbereluctanttoswitchtothisnewfuel.Eachyearaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbondioxidearereleasedintotheatmospherebutonlyaboutfivebilliontonsareabsorbedby ntlife.Seaweedfarmswouldmakemoremoneybyfarmingseaweedtosellasnutritionalsupplementsthanbyfarmingseaweedtosellasfuel.

TigersharksarecommoninthewaterssurroundingTalenareIsland.Usuallytigersharksfeedonsmallersharks,yetsometimestheyhaveattackedtouristsswimmingandsurfingatTalenare'sbeaches.ThishashurtTalenare'stourismindustry,whichissecondonlytoitsfishingindustryinannual es.Tohelptheeconomy,therefore,theleaderoftheislandhassuggestedanongoingprogramtokillanytigersharkswithinaofthebeaches.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglycallsintoquestionlikelihoodthatimplementationofthemayor'sproposalwillhavethedesiredconsequence?：sasori003

问题：削弱论证，找杀虎鲨不一定帮助经济的选背景：虎鲨吃小鲨。经济由旅游业和渔业构成。虎鲨攻击 旅游业

帮助旅游 Evenifnotallthetigersharksthatcomeclosetothearekilled,th