会计专业英语期末复习资料

《会计英语》复习资料二、单项选择(红字为正确答案)：Financialreportsareusedbyd.alloftheaboveForaccountingpurposes,thebusinessentityshouldbeconsideredseparatefromitsownersiftheentityis()d.alloftheaboveWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesaccounting?b.isaninformationsystemthatprovidesreportstostakeholdersUsingaccrualaccounting,expensesarerecordedandreportedonlya.whentheyareincurred,whetherornotcashispaidThemeasurementbasesexclude()c.SalepriceDebtsowedbyabusinessarereferredtoas( )d.liabilitiesWhichofthefollowingfinancialstatementsreportsinformationasofaspecificdate?balancesheetCashinvestmentsmadebytheownertothebusinessarereportedonthestatementofcashflowsinthea.financingactivitiessectionTheaccountingequationmaybeexpressedasd.Assets-Liabilities=Owner,sEquityWhichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalance?a.revenues,liabilities,capitalWhichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormaldebitbalance?d.assets,expensesWhichofthefollowingtypesofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalance?c.revenuesandliabilitiesIntheaccountingcycle,thelaststepis( )a.preparingapost-closingtrialbalanceWhichofthefollowingshouldnotbeconsideredcashbyanaccountant?c.postagestampsAbankreconciliationshouldbepreparedperiodicallybecause()1/20c.anydifferencesbetweenthedepositor,srecordsandthebank,srecordsshouldbedetermined,andanyerrorsmadebyeitherpartyshouldbediscoveredandcorrectedTheamountoftheoutstandingchecksisincludedonthebankreconciliationasa(n)()c.deductionfromthebalanceperbankstatementTheassetcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesasaleonaccountistermedc.accountsreceivableWhatisthetypeofaccountandnormalbalanceofAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts?a.Contraasset,creditTheterm"inventory"indicates( )d.bothAandBMerchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearwasunderstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerror?netincomeisunderstated20.Merchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearisoverstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerror?owner,sequityisoverstatedTheinventorymethodthatassignsthemostrecentcoststocostofgoodsoldisb.LIFOUnderwhichmethodofcostflowsistheinventoryassumedtobecomposedofthemostrecentcosts?b.first-in,first-outWhentheperpetualinventorysystemisused,theinventorysoldisdebitedto()b.costofmerchandisesoldAllofthefollowingbelowareneededforthecalculationofdepreciationexceptd.bookvalueAcharacteristicofafixedassetisthatitisb.usedintheoperationsofabusinessAccumulatedDepreciation()c.isacontraassetaccountThetwomethodsofaccountingforinvestmentsinstockarethecostmethodandthe()b.equitymethodAcapitalexpenditureresultsinadebitto( )d.anassetaccountCurrentliabilitiesare()d.dueandpayablewithinoneyearThedebtcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesapurchaseonaccountisreferredtoasanb.accountpayableNotesmaybeissued()d.alloftheaboveThecostofaproductwarrantyshouldbeincludedasanexpenseinthe2/20periodofthesaleoftheproductIfthemarketrateofinterestis8%,thepriceof6%bondspayinginterestsemiannuallywithafacevalueof$100,000willbec.Lessthan$100,000Theinterestratespecifiedinthebondindentureiscalledthe( )b.contractrateWhenthecorporationissuingthebondshastherighttorepurchasethebondspriortothematuritydateforaspecificprice,thebondsarecallablebondsWhenthemarketrateofinterestonbondsishigherthanthecontractrate,thebondswillsellatd.adiscountOnepotentialadvantageoffinancingcorporationsthroughtheuseofbondsratherthancommonstockisc.theinterestexpenseisdeductiblefortaxpurposesbythecorporationCharacteristicsofacorporationinclude( )d.shareholderswhohavelimitedliabilityStockholders,equity()c.includesretainedearningsandpaid-incapitalTheexcessofissuepriceoverparofcommonstockistermeda(n)()d.premiumCashdividendsareusuallynotpaidonwhichofthefollowing?c.treasurystockWhichofthefollowingaccountsbelowisreportedinthepaid-incapital/stockholders,equitysectionofthecorporatebalancesheet?d.PreferredStockIfpreferredstockhasdividendsinarrears,thepreferredstockmustbed.convertibleTheprimarypurposeofastocksplitistob.reducethemarketpriceofthestockpershareWhichstatementbelowisnotareasonforacorporationtobuybackitsownstock.d.toincreasethesharesoutstandingTheliabilityforadividendisrecordedonwhichofthefollowingdates?d.thedateofdeclarationIncredittermsof2/10,n/30,the"2"representsthed.percentofthecashdiscountRevenueshouldberecognizedwhen()b.theserviceisperformed3/20Theabilityofabusinesstopayitsdebtsastheycomedueandtoearnareasonableamountofincomeisreferredtoas()b.solvencyandprofitabilityWhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthecomputationofthequickratio?a.inventory四、问答题：Differentiatebetweenfinancialaccountingandmanagerialaccounting.财务会计与管理会计的区别。FinancialaccountingLsprimarilyconcernedwiththerecordingandreportingofeconomicdataandactivitiesforabusiness.Managementaccountingusesbothfinancialaccountingandestimateddatatoaidmanagementinrunningday-to-dayoperationsandinplanningfutureoperations..Theobjectiveoffinancialreporting财务报告的目标。参考答案：Overallobjective(总体目标)videinformationaboutthefinancialposition,performanceandchangesinfinancialpositionofanentitythatisusefultoawiderangeofusersinmakingeconomicdecisions；(向使用者提供有关企业财务状况、经营成果和财务状况变动情况的信息，以利于其作出经济决策。)showtheresultsofthestewardshipofmanagement,ortheaccountabilityofmanagementfortheresourcesentrustedtoit.(反映管理当局受托责任的履行结果，或管理当局受托管理资源的责任。)Whataretherecognitionandmeasurementprinciples?财务报表要素的确认与计量原则。参考答案：Recognitionistheprocessofincorporatinginthebalancesheetorincomestatementanitemthatmeetthedefinitionofanelementandsatisfiestherecognitioncriteria.RecognitionCriteria确认标准：a.TheProbabilityofFutureEconomicBenefit未来经济利益流入的可能性MeasurementReliably计量的可靠性Measurementistheprocessofdeterminingthemonetaryamountsatwhichtheelementsoffinancialstatementsaretoberecognizedandcarriedinthebalancesheetorincomestatement.MeasurementBases计量基础：Historicalcost.历史成本Currentcost现行成本Realizable(settlement)value可实现(清算)价值Presentvalue现值Differentiatebetweentheaccrualbasisandthecashbasis.应计制与现金制的区别。参考答案：Undertheaccrualbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichtheyareearned.4/20Underthecashbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesandexpensesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichcashisreceivedorpaid.Whatisthedouble-entrysystem?简述复式记账法的含义参考答案：Asystemofrecordingtransactionsinawaythatmaintainstheequalityoftheaccountingequation.Thefundamentalruleofdouble-entrybookkeepingisthatdebitsmustequalcredits.Foreverytransaction,theremustbeatleastonedebitandonecredit.Debitsmustalwaysequalcreditsforeachtransaction.Debitsarealwaysenteredontheleftsideofanaccountandcreditsarealwaysenteredontherightside.Whatarethemajortypesofadjustingentries?调整分录的种类参考答案：Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccrualsPrepaymentsfallintotwocategories:PrepaidexpenseDeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)AccrualsfallintotwocategoriesAccruedexpensesAccruedrevenues★考核知识点:调整分录P72附4.10参考课件第4章Companiesareonacalendarorfiscalyearandbusinesstransactionscancutacrosstwoyears.Therefore,adjustingentriesareneededtoensurethattherevenuerecognitionandmatchingprinciplesarefollowed.Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccrualsPrepaymentsfallintotwocategories:Prepaidexpensesexpenseshavebeenpaidincashandarerecordedasassetsuntiltheyareusedorconsumed.DeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)：Revenuesreceivedincashandrecordedasliabilitiesbeforetheyareearned.AccrualsfallintotwocategoriesAccruedexpensesareexpensesthathavebeenincurredbutnotyetpaidincashandthereisnooriginalentry.Accruedrevenuesarerevenuesthathavebeenearnedbutnotyetreceivedincash.Describethebasicstepsoftheaccountingcycle.简述会计循环的步骤。参考答案：Theaccountingcycle(oraccountingprocess)includesstandardizedproceduresthatareperformedinsequenceduringeveryperiod.(会计循环，或称为会计程序，是在每个会计期间按照一定顺序处理业务的一套规范化的程序)Itiscalledcyclebecausethestepsrepeatedeachaccountingperiod.Transactionsareanalyzedandrecordedinthejournal..Transactionsarepostedtotheledger.Atrialbalanceisprepared,adjustmentdataareassembled,andanoptionalworksheetiscompleted.5/20Financialstatementsareprepared.Adjustingentriesarejournalizedandposted.Closingentriesarejournalizedandposted.Apost-closingtrialbalanceisprepared.Whataretheadvantagesoftheallowancemethodforuncollectibleaccounts?应收账款坏账备抵法的优点。★考核知识点:应收账款坏账处理P212-217附4.12参考课件第5章Managementmakesanestimateeachyearoftheportionofaccountsreceivablethatmaynotbecollectible.UncollectibleAccountsExpense(BadDebts)isdebitedandAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsiscredited.ActualaccountsthatprovetobeuncollectiblearedebitedtAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountandcreditedtoAccountsReceivableThismethodisconsistentwiththematchingprinciple.Theaccountsreceivablestateatnetrealizablevalueatendoftheaccountingperiod.Describethecharacteristicsoftheperiodicinventorysystemandtheperpetualinventorysystem.存货的两种盘存制度的特点。参考答案：Acompanyusingaperpetualsystemmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesinitsinventory.Acompanyusingaperiodicsystemdoesnotmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesonhand.Inaperiodicinventorysystem,whenanitemissold,theonlyjournalentryrecordedistoreflectthesaleofthemerchandiseCostofgoodssoldisrecordedonlyaftertheendinginventoryhasbeencountedandvaluedattheendoftheperiod.Withaperpetualinventorysystem,continuallyupdatedrecordsaremaintainedforinventoryitems.Suchtrackingisreadilyenabledthroughadvancesintechnology.Asaresult,twojournalentriesaremadewhenasaleoccurs.Whatarethefinancialstatementseffectsofinventorymethods?存货计价方法对报表有何影响？(以先进先出法、后进先出法和平均成本法为例)IncomeStatementEffects：Inperiodsofincreasingprices,FIFOreportsthehighestnetincome,LIFOthelowestnetincome,andaveragecostfallsinthemiddle.Inperiodsofdecreasingprices,theconverseistrue:FIFOwillreportthelowestnetincome,LIFOthehighest,withaveragecostinthemiddle.BalanceSheetEffects：Inaperiodofinflation,thecostsallocatedtoendinginventoryusingFIFOwillapproximatecurrentcosts.Thus,themarkettobookvalueoftheinventoryshouldapproximate1.0.Conversely,duringaperiodofincreasingprices,thecostsallocatedtotheendinginventoryusingLIFOwillbesignificantlyunderstated.Thus,themarkettobookratiowillbegreaterthan1.0.Whataretheclassificationsandobjectivesofinvestmentinsecurities?简述证券投资的类型和目的。参考答案：ClassificationsofInvestments: Tradingsecurities；Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities；Available-for-salesecurities6/20ObjectivesofInvestmentinSecurities：TemporaryinvestmentofsurpluscashInvestmentsolelyforareturnInvestmentforinfluencePurchaseforcontrol★考核知识点:存货计价方法P237-244附4.15参考课件第6章Marketablesecurities-Stocks,bondsandotherfinancialinstrumentsthatorganizationsholdinlieuofcash.Thesearealsoreferredtointhefinancialstatementsasshort-terminvestmentsTwoTypesofMarketablesecurities:Debtsecurities-Thesearebondsissuedbycorporationsorgovernmentthathavematurityvalue,interestrateandmaturitydate.Equitysecurities-Theseareanysecurities,suchascommonsharesthatrepresentownershipinacompany.ClassificationsofInvestmentsinEquityandDebtSecurities：Tradingsecurities:Investmentsatfairvaluethroughprofitorloss;heldfortrading,ordesignatedtobe'atfairvaluethroughprofitorloss'Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities:financialassetswithfixedordeterminablepayments;fixedmaturity;positiveintentandabilitytoholdtomaturityAvailable-for-salesecurities:remainingfinancialassets;donotfallintoanyofthetwocategoriesaboveObjectivesofInvestmentinSecuritiesTemporaryinvestmentofsurpluscashInvestmentsolelyforareturnInvestmentforinfluencePurchaseforcontrolDescribethereasonsforholdingmarketablesecurities.简述企业进行短期有价证券投资的原因★考核知识点:短期投资P361附4.16参考课件第6章Therearemanyreasonswhyacompanymaywanttobuydebtorequitysecuritiesfromanothercompany.Forexample,CompanyAmaypurchasethedebtofCompanyBbecause,CompanyB'sdebtispayingagoodinterestrate.,ThedebtmayhaveamaturitydatethatmatchesCompanyA'sneedforcash.,Thedebtmaybesellingforlessthanfacevalue,andCompanyAthinksthatitcansellthedebtlateratagain.Investmentsindebtandequitysecuritiescanbeclassifiedonthestatementoffinancialpositionaseithercurrentornon-currentassets.Onereasonforholdingshortterminvestmentsrelatestothecontrolofcash.Theamountofcashheldbyanentityshouldbecarefullyregulatedsothatthereisneithertoomuchnortoolittleavailableatanytime.Ifthereistoolittlecashonhqndhefirmwillnotbeabletomeetdailyorperiodiccashrequirements;ifthereistoomuchcashonhandaportionoftheentity'sassetsareunproductive.Therefore,managementwilltrytokeepjustenoughcashonhandatanyonetimetomeetdailyrequirements,plusacushionforemergencies.Cashinexcessofthedailyminimumshouldbeinvestedinincome-producingopportunities,suchasthedebtandequitysecuritiesofothercompanies.7/20Describethecharacteristicsofproperty,plantandequipment.简述固定资产的特点。Property,plant,andequipmentisdefinedastangibleassetsthatareheldforuseinproductionorsupplyofgoodsandservices,forrentalstoothers,orforadministrativepurposes;theyareexpectedtobeusedduringmorethanoneperiod.Includes:Land,Buildingstructures(offices,factories,warehouses),andEquipment(machinery,furniture,tools).Thecharacteristics：“Usedinoperations”andnotforresale.Long-terminnatureandusuallydepreciated.Possessphysicalsubstance.Describethebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethods.什么是加速折旧法？其优点有哪些？参考答案：Acceleratedmethodsofdepreciationresultinmoredepreciationintheearlyyearsofanasset'slifeandlessdepreciationinthelateryearsofanasset,slifethandoesthestraight-lineapproach.Thebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethodsare:Decreasingdepreciationchargesarematchedagainstincreasingrepairandmaintenancecharges.Higherdepreciationchargesdrivenetincomedowninearlyyearsofanasset'slife.Asaresult,accelerateddepreciationmethodsarefavoredfortaxpurposes.Describethecharacteristicsofintangibleassets.什么是无形资产？其特征有哪些？参考答案：Anintangibleassetsisanidentifiablenon-monetaryassetwithoutphysicalsubstance.无形资产是指没有实物形态的、可辨认的非货币性资产。Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames……例如：商誉、专利权、版权、特许权、商标、商号等Thecharacteristics：ahigherdegreeofuncertaintyregardingthefuturebenefits未来收益的高度不确定性valuesubjecttowiderfluctuations价值波动性大havingvalueonlytoaparticularcompany其价值只与某一特定企业相关'non-monetary'feature非货币性质如下答案也可以：Intangibleassetsarerights,privileges,andcompetitiveadvantagesthatresultfromownershipoflong-livedassetsthatdonotpossessphysicalsubstance.Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames……TheMainCharacteristics:Identifiable.可辨认性Lackphysicalexistence.缺乏实物形态Notmonetaryassets.非货币性资产Normallyclassifiedasnon-currentasset.Describethereasonsforissuanceoflong-termliabilities.举借长期债务的原因(与发行股票相比)。参考答案：8/20ReasonsforIssuanceofLong-TermLiabilities：Debtfinancingmaybetheonlyavailablesourceoffunds.Debtfinancingmayhavealowercost.Debtfinancingoffersanincometaxadvantage.Thevotingprivilegeisnotshared.Debtfinancingofferstheopportunityforleverage..Describetherightsofcommonshareholders.(简述普通股股东的权利)Thetwoprimaryclassesofpaid-incapitalarecommonstock(ordinaryshares)andpreferredstock.Theprimaryattractivenessofpreferredstocksisthattheyarepreferredovercommonastodividends.RightsandPrivilegeofShareholders：CommonShareholdersrighttovoteonkeycorporatematterspreemptiverighttopurchaseenoughsharestoretaintheirproportionalownershipinterestrighttoshareproportionatelyinanydividendshaveresidualinterestinassetsinliquidationPreferredShareholdersstipulateddividendrate;stipulatedliquidationvalueparticipationinearnings;cumulativefeature.Describethethreeconditionsthatcorporationsdeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstanding.现金股利的发放条件。参考答案：Corporationsgenerallydeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstandingwhenthreeconditionsexist:SufficientretainedearningsSufficientcashFormalactionbytheboardofdirectorsDescribethereasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend.公司发放股票股利的原因。参考答案：Numerousreasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend:toshowthatthefirmplanstopermanentlyretainaportionofearningsinthebusinesstoincreasethenumberofsharesoutstanding,whichreducesthemarketpricepershareandwhich,inturn,tendstoincreasetradingofsharesinthemarket.(alargestockdividends)tocontinuedividenddistributionswithoutdisbursingassets(usuallycash)thatmaybeneededforoperationsstockdividendsdonotsubjecttheshareholderstoincometaxshareholdersmayactuallyprefertoreceivestockdividendsbecausetheycanselltheseadditionalsharesonlyiftheychoosetodosoDifferentiatebetweenthestockdividendsandstocksplits.股票股利与股票分割的区别。参考答案：StockDividends：Parvalueofasharedoesnotchange9/20TotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders'equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitychanges(lessofretainedearnings;moreofstock)StockdividendsrequirejournalentriesStockSplits：ParvalueofasharedecreasesTotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders'equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitydoesnotchange(sameamountsofstockandRE)StocksplitsdonotrequirejournalentriesDescribethereasonsthatacompanymayretireshares.简述企业取得库藏股的原因。TreasuryStock:AfirmmayalsobuyitsownsharesandholdthemforeventualresaleuchsharesmaynotvoteatshareholdermeetingsorreceivedividendsWhyDoesACorporationReacquireItsOwnStock?Reissuesharestoofficersandemployeesunderbonusandstockcompensationplans.因奖金和股票期权计划，再发行股票给高管喝雇员Increasetradingofcompany,sstockinsecuritiesmarketinhopesofenhancingmarketvalue.增加本公司股票在证券市场的交易量，以希望提高市场价值Haveadditionalsharesavailableforuseinacquisitionofothercompanies.为取得其他公司准备股票Reducenumberofsharesoutstanding,therebyincreasingearningspershare.减少发行在夕卜股数，以提高每股收益Preventahostiletakeover.防止恶意并购Describethematchingmethodsbetweentheexpensesandrevenue.费用与收入配比的三种方法。参考答案：Thematchingprincipleisbrokendownintothreepervasivemeasurementprinciples:费用的确认方法(即与收入配比的方法)associatingcauseandeffect(因果关系)：costsarerelativelyeasytoidentifywiththerelatedrevenues,suchasmaterialsanddirectlaborconsumedinthemanufacturingprocesssystematicandrationalallocation(系统合理的分配)：costsaremorecloselyassociatedwithspecificaccountingperiods,suchascostsofbuildingsandequipmentimmediaterecognition(立即确认)：Allothercostsaregenerallyexpensedintheperiodinwhichtheyareincurred,suchasofficesalaries,utilities,advertisingexpenses,etc.Describethepurposesoffinancialstatementanalysis.简述财务报表分析的目的。参考答案：Financialstatementanalysishastwopurposes:tousethepastperformanceofanentitytopredictitsfutureprofitabilityandcashflows.toevaluatetheperformanceofanentitywithaneyetowardidentifyingproblemareas.Whatisthepurposeofastatementofcashflows?Howdoesitdifferfromabalancesheetandanincomestatement?说明现金流量表的作用，这与收益表和资产负债表的作用有何不同10/20参考答案：UsefulnessoftheIncomeStatement：Evaluatepastperformance.评价过去业绩Predictingfutureperformance.预测未来业绩Helpassesstheriskoruncertaintyofachievingfuturecashflows.有助于评价达至U未来现金流量的风险与不确定性Usefulnessofthebalancesheet：Evaluatingthecapitalstructure.Assessriskandfuturecashflows.Analyzethecompany's:Liquidity,solvency,andsinancialflexibility.PurposeoftheStatementofCashFlows：Toproviderelevantinformationaboutthecashreceiptsandcashpaymentsofanenterpriseduringaperiod.Thestatementprovidesanswerstothefollowingquestions:Wheredidthecashcomefrom?Whatwasthecashusedfor?Whatwasthechangeinthecashbalance?Importanceofthestatementofcashflow：Itisusefultomanagersinevaluatingpastoperationsandinplanningfutureinvestingandfinancingactivities.Itisusefultoinvestors,creditors,andothersinassessingafirm'sprofitpotential.Itisabasisforassessingthefirm'sabilitytopayitsmaturingdebt.Whatarethehorizontalanalysis,verticalAnalysisandratioanalysis?什么是横向分析、纵向分析、比率分析？Horizontalanalysis(ortrendanalysis):Usesdatafromprioryearsasayardstick.Theoldestyearisusedasabase,linebyline,andsubsequentyearsareexpressedasapercentageofthebase.Twosteps:selectabaseyearandassigneachitemonthebaseyearstatementaweightof100%;expresseachitemfromthestatementsfortheotheryearsasapercentageofitsbaseyearamount(2)VerticalAnalysis:Apercentageanalysiscanbeusedtoshowtherelationshipofeachcomponenttoatotalwithinasinglestatement.Thetotal,or100%item,onthebalancesheetis“totalassets.”Netsalesis100.0%ontheincomestatement.Verticalanalysiswithbothdollarandpercentageamountsisalsousefulincomparingonecompanywithanotherorwithindustryaverages.Suchcomparisonsareeasiertomakewiththeuseofcommon-sizestatementsinwhichallitemsareexpressedinpercentages.(3)Ratioanalysis:Amathematicalrelationshipbetweentwoamountsfromthefinancialstatements.Theamountsmightconsistofasingleaccountoranumberofdifferentaccounts,fromanyofthefinancialstatements—thebalancesheet,theincomestatement,orthestatementofcashflow.Solvencyistheabilityofabusinesstomeetitsfinancialobligations(debts)astheyaredue.Solvencyanalysisfocusesontheabilityofabusinesstopayorotherwisesatisfyitscurrentandnoncurrentliabilities.Thisabilityisnormallyassessedbyexaminingbalancesheetrelationships.11/20

Profitabilityistheabilityofanentitytoearnprofits.Thisabilitytoearnprofitsdependsontheeffectivenessandefficiencyofoperationsaswellasresourcesavailable.Profitabilityanalysisfocusesprimarilyontherelationshipbetweenoperatingresultsreportedintheincomestatementandresourcesreportedinthebalancesheet.五、业务题RecordthefollowingselectedtransactionsforMarchinatwo-columnjournal,identifyingichentrybyletter:Received$10,000fromShirleyKnowles,owner.Purchasedequipmentfor$35,000,paying$10,000incashandgivinganotepayablefortheremainder.Paid$1,000forrentforMarch.Purchased$8,500ofsuppliesonaccount.Recorded$2,500offeesearnedonaccount.Received$11,000incashforfeesearned.Paid$200tocreditorsonaccount.Paidwagesof$1,250.Received$1,150fromcustomersonaccount.Recordedowner,swithdrawalof$1,850.ANS:CashShirleyKnowles,CapitalEquipmentCashNotesPayableRentExpenseCashSuppliesAccountsPayableAccountsReceivableFeesEarnedCashFeesEarnedAccountsPayableCashWagesExpenseCashCash10,00010,00035,00010,00010,00035,00010,00025,0001,0001,0008,5008,5002,5002,50011,00011,0002002001,2501,2501,1501,150AccountsReceivable1,150(j) ShirleyKnowles,Drawing1,850Cash1,8502.JournalizethesixentriesthatadjusttheaccountsatDecember31.Oneoftheaccountswasaffectedbytwodifferentadjustingentries.UnadjustedAdjustedTrialBalanceTrialBalanceCash3,0003,000AccountsReceivable30,00030,500Supplies1,700100PrepaidInsurance2,000400Equipment9,0009,000AccumulatedDepreciation1,500WagesPayable4,000UnearnedFees6,0001,500AnnCole,Capital20,00020,000FeesEarned62,00067,000WagesExpense42,30046,300SuppliesExpense1,600InsuranceExpense1,600DepreciationExpense1,500Total88,000 88,00094,00094,000 ——ANS:AccountsReceivable500FeesEarned500SuppliesExpense1,600Supplies1,600InsuranceExpense1,600PrepaidInsurance1,600DepreciationExpense1,500AccumulatedDepreciation1,500UnearnedFees4,500FeesEarned4,500WagesExpense4,000WagesPayable4,000Foreachofthefollowing,journalizethenecessaryadjustingentry:13/20

Abusinesspaysweeklysalariesof$15,000onFridayforafive-dayweekendingonthatday.Journalizethenecessaryadjustingentryattheendofthefiscalperiod,assumingthatthefiscalperiodends(1)onWednesday,(2)onThursday.Thebalanceintheprepaidinsuranceaccountbeforeadjustmentattheendoftheyearis$14,000.Journalizetheadjustingentryrequiredundereachofthefollowingalternatives:(1)theamountofinsuranceexpiredduringtheyearis$4,500,(2)theamountofunexpiredinsuranceapplicabletoafutureperiodis$1,500.OnJuly1ofthecurrentyear,abusinesspays$36,000tothecityforlicensetaxesforthecomingfiscalyear.Thesamebusinessisalsorequiredtopayanannualpropertytaxattheendoftheyear.Theestimatedamountofthecurrentyear,spropertytaxallocabletoJulyis$3,200.(1)JournalizethetwoadjustingentriesrequiredtobringtheaccountsaffectedbythetaxesuptodateasofJuly31.(2)WhatistheamountoftaxexpenseforJuly?Theestimateddepreciationonequipmentfortheyearis$24,000.ANS:(1)SalaryExpenseSalariesPayableSalaryExpenseSalariesPayable(1)InsuranceExpensePrepaidInsuranceInsuranceExpensePrepaidInsurance(1)TaxesExpensePrepaidLicenseTaxesTaxesExpensePropertyTaxesPayable$6,200($3,000+$3,200)DepreciationExpenseAccumulatedDepreciation-9,0009,00012