高考英语复习-第1部分-基础知识考点-Unit-2-English-around-the-world

1/46Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思索·利用1.关键词汇①________n.&

vt.请求；要求②________n.&

vt.命令；指令；掌握③________adj.本国；当地；n.本国人；当地人④latteradj.较后；后半；(二者中)后者(反义词)________adj.

较前；前半；(二者中)前者⑤expressionn.词语；表示；表示

________

vt.表示2/46⑥recognizevt.识别出；认可；公认

________n.识别；认出；认可⑦basevt.以……为依据

n.基部；基地；基础________adj.基本；基础________n.基础；基本标准⑧usagen.使用；使用方法；词语惯使用方法

________n.&

v.使用，利用________adj.有用________adj.无用答案①request

②command③native

④former

⑤express⑥recognition

⑦basic；basis⑧use；useful；useless3/462.常考词汇 ①voyagen.________________ ②actuallyadv.________________ ③identityn.________________ ④straightadv.________________adj.________________ ⑤officialadj.________________officiallyadv.________________ ⑥gradualadj.________________graduallyadv.________________ ⑦fluentadj.________________fluentlyadv.________________4/46⑧frequentadj.________________frequentlyadv._____________⑨easternadj.________________southeasternadj.________________northwesternadj.__________________westernadj.________________eastwardsadv.________________westwardsadv.________________答案①航行；航海②实际上；实际上③本身；本体；身份④直接；挺直直；笔直；正直⑤官方；正式；公务官方地，正式地

⑥逐步；逐步逐步地；逐步地

⑦流利；流畅流利地；流畅地

⑧频繁；常见经常；频繁地⑨东方；东部东南方；来自东南西北方；来自西北西方；来自西向东向西

5/46用所给单词适当形式填空1.Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(·全国Ⅰ，语法填空)2.Imadefriendswiththe________(native)，andtheirreactionamazedme.(·浙江，完形)3.Suchstart-upfatigue(劳累)isveryreal，evenifnot________(actual)physical，notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.(·天津，阅读D)4.Iwenttoaworkshopand________(gradual)gotgoodatmakingthingswithclay(黏土).(·天津，阅读表示)6/465.However，itisalsohardtokeepacode(密码)booksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechanged________(frequent).(·全国Ⅰ，七选五)6.We________(recognize)thatKurtwasn’tjusttryingtomakeasale.(·江苏，完形)7.Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredfor，theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedaily________(express).(·全国Ⅱ，阅读C)8.UsesofPreziinlisteningandspeakingcoursesdrawstudents’attentiontospeakingmore________(fluent).(·安徽，阅读A)7/469.ElNiño(厄尔尼诺)seeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthe________(west)Pacific，flowback________(east)whenwindsthatnormallyblow________(west)weaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.(·江苏，阅读C)答案1.officially

2.natives3.actually

4.gradually

5.frequently6.recognized

7.expressions

8.fluently

9.western；eastwards；westwards8/46【联想·积累】❶“请求，要求”家族①askvt.&vi.要求，请求②claimvt.对……提出要求③desirevt.要求，请求④demandn.&

vt.要求⑤requestn.&

vt.要求，请求⑥requirevt.要求，命令⑦requirementn.要求9/46❷后缀-ern组成方位形容词集锦①eastern东方，东部，来自东方②western西方，西部；在西方，在西部③southern南方，南部④northern北方，北部⑤northwestern(在)西北，向西北，来自西北⑥southeastern东南(部)⑦midwestern中西部；有中西部特征10/46❸前缀en-组成高频动词①enrich使充实②enable使能够③enlarge使扩大④encourage勉励⑤ensure确保；担保⑥endanger使遭遇危险11/46❹词形相近词对比速记①latteradj.较后；后半；(二者中)后者②lateadj.迟，晚，迟到

adv.迟，晚③latestadj.最新；最近④lateradv.以后

adj.后期⑤latelyadv.最近；最近12/46Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思索·利用1.动词＋介词/副词 ①come________走近；上来；提出

②leave________动身去……

答案①up

②for13/462.动词＋名词(＋介词) ①playa________(in)饰演一个角色；参加 ②make________of利用；使用

答案①part

②use14/463.其它形式 ①more________超出；非常；不只是；不但是 ②because________因为；因为 ③________present现在；当前 ④believe________ornot信不信由你 ⑤bebased________以……为基础 ⑥even________即便，即使

答案①than

②of

③at

④it

⑤on

⑥though/if15/46用左栏所给短语适当形式填空1.Adultscientistssimply____________thesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.(·浙江，阅读C)2.Milkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleep____________thecalcium(钙)content，whichhelpspeopletorelax.(·四川，阅读D)3.Thesolutionwhich____________inmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.(·天津，阅读D)4.Anxious，Iwasunabletokeepfocusedfor____________anhouratatime.(·北京，阅读A)答案1.makeuseof

2.becauseof

3.hadcomeup

4.morethan16/46【联想·积累】“make＋n.＋介词”短语荟萃①makeadvantages/useof使用，利用②makethemost/bestof尽可能利用；充分利用③makewayfor为……让路，让路于④makecontactwith接通，与……接触，与……联络⑤makeanappointmentwithsb与……约定⑥makeafoolof愚弄，坑骗17/46Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思索·利用原句背诵感悟1.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.

所以，美国东南部山区人同美国西北部地域人所说方言几乎是一样。2.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.

当初英语更多地以德语为基础，而当代英语不是。3.Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.

信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。18/46句型公式仿写1.thesame(...)as...和……一样，和……相同 Ibought________________(和你买一模一样车).2.more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… Don’tbetoohardonhim；he’s________________(与其说愚蠢，倒不如说粗心).3.句型thereisnosuch＋n.＋as...没有像……这么…… Asisknowntous，______________(没有无偿午餐之类事情)intheworld.答案1.thesamecarasyoudid2.morecarelessthanstupid

3.thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch19/46【联想·积累】◆固定句式thereisnosuch...as...(1)其中“nosuch＋可数名词单数”相当于“notsucha(n)＋可数名词单数”。(2)such与all，no，some，any，few，little，many，much，several，one等词连用时，应置于这些词后面，其后面名词前无冠词。如：nosuchman；severalsuchrooms。(3)such...as...像……这么……，as在句中引导定语从句。20/46[单

词

点

睛]1.basevt.以……为依据

n.基部；基地；基础 [高考佳句]ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.(·广东，阅读D)

这表明，英国人对方言态度根深蒂固，且源于阶级偏见。高考必备词汇——精讲精练

(1)base...on...依据……；以……为基础(sth)bebasedon...以……为基础(2)basisn.基础，基本标准onthebasisof依据，在……基础上，基于(3)basicadj.基本；基础21/46【尤其提醒】在“base...on/upon...”结构中，base是及物动词，base后要跟宾语，不然要用被动形式bebasedon/upon。单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Based________theirexpressedthoughtsandactual“musicking”behaviors，thistextexaminesthesongstheysing，therhythms...(·浙江，阅读B)②Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportswerebasedonthesurvey，butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.(·福建，21)22/46③Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions；itresponds________________whatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.(·天津，阅读B)机器人不只是回答普通问题，它会基于所了解家庭中每个个体情况做出回应。答案①upon/on

②去掉were或在based前加that/which

③basedon/onthebasisof23/462.commandn.[C]命令；指令

[U]掌握，控制

vt.命令，指挥；支配 [教材原句]Readthesesentencesanddecidewhichisacommandandwhichisarequest.

阅读这些句子并判断出哪个是命令，哪个是要求。(1)atone’scommand听从某人支配(be)incommandof指挥；控制beinthecommandof由……指挥，控制takecommandof控制；担任……指挥haveagoodcommandof很好地掌握；精通(2)commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事commandthat...(should)do...命令……做……24/46【尤其提醒】command后接that引导宾语从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should能够省略。能这么用动词能够用以下口诀来记忆：一坚持(insist)；二命令(command，order)；三提议(advise，suggest，propose)；四要求(request，require，demand，desire)。25/46单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Atlast，theshipwasplacedincommand________CaptainSmith.②Thestudentsbehavedbadlyinthewriter’sclassesbecauseshedidn’thavegoodcommandofEnglish.③Theboss________________(命令他完成)someimportantwork，butHenry________________(忘了他命令).答案①of

②good前加a

③commandedhimtofinish/commandedthathe(should)finish；forgothiscommand26/463.requestn.&vt.请求；要求 [高考佳句]Whenhisrequestwasrefused，hetookouthisFrenchhornandstartedtopractice.(·重庆，阅读C)

当他请求被拒绝时，他拿出他法国号(一个铜管乐器)，开始练习。(1)makerequests/arequestfor请求atone’srequest＝attherequestofsb应某人要求bein(great)request(大量)需要，受欢迎(2)requeststhfrom/ofsb向某人请求某物requestsbtodosth请求/要求某人做某事request/makearequestthat...(should)do...请求/要求……做某事(3)Itisrequestedthat...(should)do...要求……27/46【尤其提醒】request，require和demand这三个词及其对应名词后从句，谓语都用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，其中should能够省略。28/46单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Mrs.Tottenusuallywalkedupanddowntherowsofdesks________(request)answersfromstudents.(·湖南，阅读B)②Thepianistlistenedtoourrequestthatheplayedinpublicagain.③Itisrequestedthatourheadteacher______________attomorrow’smeeting.＝Ourheadteacher________________attomorrow’smeeting.我们班主任被要求在明天会议上演讲。答案①requesting

②played→play

③(should)giveaspeech；isrequestedtogiveaspeech29/464.recognizevt.识别出；认可；公认 [教材原句]AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot，theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother’sdialects.

即使许多美国人经常搬迁，不过他们依然能够区分、了解彼此方言。(1)recognizesb/sthas/tobe...认可某人(物)是……berecognizedas/tobe被公认为……Itis(generally)recognizedthat...人们公认……(2)recognitionn.认识，认出；认可outof/beyondrecognition认不出来30/46单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues，socialclimateandbehaviorshouldinclude________(recognize)ofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomy(自治).(·北京，阅读D)②Thesalesgirllookedathimforasecond，thenrecognizinghimandsaid，“Oh，hi！”③________________(人们一致认为)environmentpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsthatpeopleface.答案①recognition

②recognizing→recognized

③Itis(generally)recognizedthat31/46※straightadv.直接；挺直

adj.直；笔直；正直；直接 [高考佳句]Instead，I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.

相反，我直接去了阳朔。(·全国Ⅰ，语法填空)

写出以下句子中黑体部分含义 ①Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealtoouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.(·浙江，11)常考必会词汇——了解识别32/46②Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.(·北京，阅读C)③Yourinnerearthinksyou’refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou’restandingstraight.(·湖北，阅读D)④AnyonewhoknowsmepersonallythinksthatI’mprettymuchofastraightman.答案①直接②直线③挺直地站着④一个正直或直率人

33/46[短

语

点

拨]1.becauseof因为，因为 [教材原句]...andbecauseofthat，Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries. ……于是，许多别国家开始说英语了。34/46(1)becauseof是介词短语，表示原因，意为“因为”，后接名词、代词或宾语从句，在句中作状语；because是隶属连词，引导原因状语从句，表示主句根本原因。(2)dueto因为，可引导状语、定语或表语，但多引导表语。(3)thanksto常引导状语，除了“因为”意思外，还可意为“多亏”，多引出好原因。【尤其提醒】表示此意还有：owingto因为；asaresultof...作为……结果；onaccountof因为；inconsequenceof.../asaconsequenceof...作为……结果。35/46单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement，because________theeverincreasingnumberofcarstheseyears.(·江苏，书面表示)②However，Helenedidnotwantherdaughterstoalwaysworkinthefamilybusinessbecauseofshethoughtitwastoohard.③Thesportsmeethadtobeputoff________________(因为下大雨).答案①of

②去掉of

③becauseoftheheavyrain/becauseitrainedheavily36/462.comeup出现，发生；走近，升起，提出 [教材原句]Yes，I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.

好，我很愿意到你公寓去。

写出以下句子中comeup含义 ①AgentlemanattheofficecameupandpattedJason’sshoulderfondly.“You’rejusttheboyIamlookingfor.”(·湖北，完形)37/46②I’dlovetocomewithyou，butsomethingunexpectedhascomeup.③Iplantedsomelily(百合花)seedsintheyard.Buttheyfailedtocomeup.(·重庆，完形)④Whenthemooncameup，theyoungpeoplebegantheircelebration.⑤Sohowcanyoucameupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool？(·北京，七选五)答案①

走近②发生③发芽④升起⑤想出38/46【尤其提醒】comeup在指“问题、提议或方案等被提出”时，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，无被动语态；comeupwith则意为“提出……”，为及物动词短语，主语通常为人，宾语则为表示提议、计划、方案等名词。39/463.makeuseof利用；使用 [教材原句]Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用词汇量比以前任何时期都大。makegood/fulluseof充分利用makethemost/bestof充分利用take(full)advantageof(充分)利用putsthtouse使用……；利用……40/46单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Medicalresearchoftenmakesuse________theforests’plantandanimallife.(·陕西，阅读C)②Makefulluseoftimeisagoodhabit，whichrequiresonetoplancarefully.③Technologyisflexible.Thereisnofixedway________________(利用它).(·江西，阅读D)答案①of

②Make→Making

③ofmakinguseofit/tomakeuseofit41/46[句

式

透

析]1.