法律英语语序调整课件

1十.法律英语语序调整21.普通英语的语序调整1.1逆序翻译1．Ithasbecomeaconventionalwisdomthatchildrenhavebecomesovulnerablethattheyshouldbeprotectedbyspecialrightandcodes.

孩子们容易受到伤害，应该制定特别的法律法规予以保护，这已达成了共识。3

模仿翻译:经济增长不能以环境破坏为代价，这已达成了共识。

Ithasbecomeaconventionalwisdomthateconomicgrowthcouldnotbegainedatthecost(expense)ofenvironmentaldestruction.5模仿翻译:父母亲为我们付出了很多，我们花时间和精力回报父母是值得的。Itjustifiesthetimeandenergytorepayourparentswhohavedonesomuchforus.63．Thepoorarethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.对于以往几代人来说，旧式的体力劳动是一种摆脱贫困的手段，而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以生存的体力劳动。因此，首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。74．Couldanyspectacle,forinstance,bemoregrimlywhimsicalthanthatofgunnersusingsciencetoshattermen’sbodieswhile,closeathand,surgeonsuseittorestorethem?炮手在使用科学手段来摧毁人们的躯体，而与此同时，医生就在近旁应用科学来医治创伤。难道还有比这更为怪诞可怕的景象吗？9词汇辩析:ResistancePersistenceinsistenceConsistence102．IamopposedtoanydiversionwhichwillinEisenhower'sopinionjeopardizethesecurityofhiscurrentsituationinItaly,thebuildupofwhichisexceedinglyslowconsideringthewell-knowncharacteristicsofhisopponentwhoenjoysamarkedsuperiorityingroundtroopsandpanzerdivisions.敌人在意大利享有地面部队和坦克部队方面的显著优势，这是众所周知的事。由于这一情况，艾森豪威尔在那里的进展甚为缓慢。因此，我不同意任何足以使艾森豪威尔认为有损于他当前安全情况的分散其兵力的措施。113．Thegrowthofclassconsciousnessamongtheworkerswasinhibitedbycontinuedhighlevelsofemploymentandrisingearningsforalmost15years,combinedwiththepropagandaofviewsinthelabormovementreflectingtheinfluenceofKeynesiantheoriesabouttheabilityofcapitalismtosolvepermanentlytheproblemof"boomandbust"throughaneconomyof"built-instabilizers”.将近十五年来，就业率一直保持高水平，工资收入不断增长,再加上凯恩斯有一套理论，认为资本主义制度有能力通过名曰“内在稳定因素”的国家经济永远解决繁荣与危机交替出现的问题。劳工运动的宣传受凯恩斯理论的影响。这种种因素结合在一起，就使工人阶级觉悟的提高受到阻碍。13

5．1953年，英美两国计划对中国援朝部队使用原子弹，并准备用核武器进攻中国。当这个消息由第三国外交官转告北京时，新中国的领导人深感忧虑。立即作出了建立和发展原子弹和导弹事业的决定。译文1：In1953,theUnitedStatesandBritainplannedtouseatomicbombsagainstChineseaidingtroopsinKoreaandtoattackChinawithnuclearweapons.WhenthenewswastransferredtoBeijingfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountry,theleadersofnewChinafeltdeeplyworriedandimmediatelydecidedtosetupanddevelopatomicbombandmissilecause.14译文2:In1953,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons,theleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedthatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles.15译文3:TheleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedin1953thatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons.173．我原打算在今年一月访问中国，后来我又不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。ItwasakeendisappointmentthatIhadtopostponethevisitIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.4．我们是1959年出国的，之后中国连续三年遭受自然灾害，当我们得知这个消息，心情颇为低沉。WehadbeendismayedatthenewsofthenaturalcalamitiesthatfollowedoneanotherforthreeyearsafterweleftChina.18

5．经过多年的努力，我们国家已能用仅占世界百分之七的耕地，养活了占世界百分之二十二的人口，使十一亿人民基本解决了温饱问题。Afteryearsofefforts,nowithassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingtoapointwhereithasmanagedtofeedits1.1billionpeople,22percentoftheworld'stotalpopulation,withonly7percentofworld'scultivatedland.192.法律英语的语序调整2.1调整定语1．PartyBshallnotdiscloseConfidentialInformationtoanyoneotherthantosuchpersonswhorequireaccesstheretofortheexclusivepurposeprovidedhereunderandwhoareawareoftheirobligationsofconfidentialityhereunder.乙方除了向为了本协议规定的目的而需要接触机密信息、且了解本协议规定的保密义务的人员披露机密信息外，不得向其他任何人披露。21总统还公布了一份联邦调查报告，报告显示百分之六十五的公立学校可以上网。Thepresidentalsoissuedafederalreportshowing65percentofpublicschoolshaveaccesstotheInternet.haveaccessto222．“ConfidentialInformation”meansalldocuments,reports,financialorotherdata,records,forms,tools,products,methodologies,technicalknowledge,marketingplans,tradesecrets,andothermaterialsobtainedbyConsultantandClientfromeachother

inthecourseofperforminganyServices.“机密信息”系指在履行服务期间，顾问和客户相互间获得的一切文件、报告、财务数据或其它数据、记录、格式、工具、产品、方法、技术知识、营销计划、商业机密及其他资料。233．Itisestimatedthatover3,000companies(includingnontechnologycompanies)whichhavecompletedinitialpublicofferingsofstockintheUnitedStatesoverthepasttwodecadeshavereceivedventurecapitalatsomepointintheirdevelopment.据估计，过去２０年中在美国完成首次公开发售股票的３，０００多家公司（包括非技术公司）在其发展的某个阶段，曾获得过风险资本。255．TheContractorshallperformtheinspectionandexaminationofallequipment,machineryandmaterialsincludingsparepartsrequiredfortheconstructionoftheplant.承包商应进行检验，并稽查建设工厂所需的一切设备、机械和材料，其中包括各种备用零部件。262.2调整状语1．TheVendoracknowledgesthatthePurchaserhasenteredintothisAgreementinrelianceupontheWarrantiesandhasbeeninducedbythemtoenterintothisAgreement.出售方确认，购买方是以保证为依据、且受保证诱导而签订本协议的。2.Liabilityforsuchdamagesshallnotbewaivedintheevent

thenon-breachingPartyterminatesthisContractunderArticleX.如果非违约方根据X条终止本合同，违约方仍有责任给与损害赔偿。295．TheboardofdirectorsmayauthorizeanyagentoragentstoenterintoanycontractororexecuteanddeliveranyinstrumentinthenameofandonbehalfoftheCorporation.董事会可授权任何代理人以公司名义并代表公司签订合同或签发单据。306．Theborrowershallnotdoorcauseorsufferanythingtobedonewherebythelender’sinterestmaybeprejudiced.原译文：借款人不得作出或促使作出任何事情发生借以使贷款人的利益可能受损。修改译文：凡可导致受益人的利益受损的事情，借款人均不得作出，或促使或容许其发生。317.Wewouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveseriousthoughtstoourrequestforincreasingthequantityupto50,000tons.我们要求将数量增加到5万吨，如果贵方能认真地考虑我们这个要求，将不胜感激。328．ThepreliminarydepositinrespectofUnitssoldonlytoprivatepurchasersreferredtoincondition(v)belowshallbepaidbycashierorderandshallbedealtwithasincondition(n)aboveasforpublicpurchasers.原译文：有关下述条件（v）所指的只售与内部购买人单位的初步订金须以银行本票支付，并按照上述条件（n）中处理公众购买人的方式处理。修改译文：凡属下述条件（v）所指仅供内部认购的单位，其初步订金须以银行本票支付，并按照上述条件（n）适用于公开发售的方式处理。339.贵方没有按合同规定及时把货备妥，致使我派去装货的船只滞期3天18小时。1.Youfailedtogetthegoodsreadyfor

loadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontract.Thereforeitresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentbyusfor3daysand18hours.2.Thefactthatyoufailedtogetthegoodsreadyforloadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontracthasresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentby3daysand18hours.3.Yourfailuretogetthegoodsreadyforloadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontracthasresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentbyusfor3daysand18hours.34Demurrage1.（船、车等的）滞留

ademurragefee(charge)2.滞留费352.3.2逆序翻译TheOwnermayrequesttheremovalandreplacementofanypersonemployed,(1)inaccordancewiththeContractor,(2)ifsuchpersonontheSiteisinguiltyof

misconduct,incompetenceornegligence,(3)andensuretheaccomplishmentofthe

project.(4)为了保证工程的完成（4），业主认为工地上承包商的雇员品行不端、不能胜任工作或有失职行为（3），可依照本合同（2），要求承包商将此人调离或更换（1）。36Exceptintheeventofbreachofconfidentiality,innoeventshalleitherpartybeliableforanydamages,includinglossofdata,lostprofits,costofcoverorotherspecial,incidental,consequential,directorindirectdamagesarisingfromtheuseoftheProducts,orprovisionof,orfailuretoprovide,support,howevercausedandwhetherbasedonagreement,tort(includingnegligence)oranyothertheoryofliability.37Exceptintheeventofbreachofconfidentiality,innoeventshalleitherpartybeliableforanydamages,

includinglossofdata,lostprofits,costofcoverorotherspecial,incidental,consequential,directorindirectdamagesarisingfromtheuseoftheProducts,orprovisionof,orfailuretoprovide,support,howevercausedandwhetherbasedonagreement,tort(includingnegligence)oranyothertheoryofliability.38除非违反保密规定，任何一方在任何情况下，对因使用产品、或提供或未提供支持，无论何种原因，亦无论基于协议、侵权（包括过失）或其他责任理论而引起的损害，包括数据丢失、利润损失、服务费用、或其他特殊的、附带的、后果性的、直接的或间接的损害，均不负赔偿责任。39Exercise:6．Thejudicialauthoritiesshallhavetheauthority,wherepartyhaspresentedreasonablyavailableevidencesufficienttosupportitsclaimsandhasspecifiedevidencerelevanttosubstantiationofitsclaimswhichliesinthecontroloftheopposingparty,toorderthatthisevidencebeproducedbytheopposingparty,subjectinappropriatecasestoconditionswhichensuretheprotectionofconfidentialinformation.40译文：如果一方当事人已经提供足够支持其权利主张并能够合理取得的证据，同时指出了有另一方当事人控制的证明其权利主张的证据，则司法当局有权在适当场合确保对秘密信息给与保护的条件下，责令另一方当事人提供证据。417．Itshallbeunlawfulforanypersonengagedincommerce,inthecourseofsuchcommerce,topayorgrant,ortoreceiveoracceptanythingofvalueasacommission,brokerage,orothercompensation,oranyallowanceordiscountinlieuthereof,exceptforservicesrenderedinconnectionwiththesaleorpurchaseofgoods,wares,ormerchandise,eithertotheotherpartytosuchtransactionortoanagent,representative,ortheintermediarytherein42wheresuchintermediaryisactinginfactfororinbehalf,orissubjecttothedirectorindirectcontrol,ofanypartytosuchtransactionotherthanthepersonbywhomsuchcompensationissograntedorpaid.43译文：商人在其商业过程中，支付、收取、接受任何佣金、回扣或其他补偿，或作为替代的任何补贴或折扣是非法的。但对同商品购销相关的，提供给另一方当事人或代理机构、或代表人、或其他中间机构的劳务除外。这里的其他中间机构事实上属于、代表或服从于该交易一方的直接或间接控制，而不是回扣支付方所控制的中间机构。（《克莱顿法》第2条第三款）刘期安：法律英语的长句翻译44译文：有些学者，虽然接收在判决中使用如“判决依据”和“附带意见”这些术语，虽然也承认至少有些法官认为他们是根据先前判决的“判决依据”和“附带意见”作出判决的，但认为影响法官的判决的重要因素应从事情本身的特征，如法官的社会背景、当时的经济环境甚至语言本身的特征中去发现。肖云枢：“法律英语句子结构特点及其翻译”459．Chinashallestablishordesignateanofficialjournaldedicatedtothepublicationofalllaws,regulationsandothermeasurespertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,TRIPSorthecontrolofforeignexchangeand,afterpublicationofitslaws,regulationsorothermeasuresinsuchjournal,shallprovideareasonableperiodforcommenttotheappropriateauthoritiesbeforesuchmeasuresareimplemented,46exceptforthoselaws,regulationsandothermeasuresinvolvingnationalsecurity,specificmeasuressettingforeignexchangeratesormonetarypolicyandothermeasuresthepublicationofwhichwouldimpedelawenforcement.

47译文：中国应设立或指定一官方刊物，用于公布所有有关或影响货物贸易、服务贸易、ＴＲＩＰＳ或外汇管制的法律、法规及其他措施，并且在其法律、法规或其他措施在该刊物上公布之后，应在此类措施实施之前提供一段可向有关主管机关提出意见的合理时间，但涉及国家安全的法律、法规及其他措施、确定外汇汇率或货币政策的特定措施以及一旦公布则会妨碍法律实施的其他措施除外。488．Someacademics,whilstacceptingthattermslikeratiodecidendiandobiterdictaareusedinjudgments,andwhilstacceptingthatatleastsomejudgesthinktheyconstructtheirjudgments,onthebasisofratioandobiterinpreviousjudgments,believethatimportantinfluencesondecisionsmadebyjudgesaretobefoundinthenatureofmatterssuchasthesocialbackgroundofjudges,theeconomiccircumstancesofthetimeoreventheverynatureoflanguageitself.4910．Theprogresstothestatutebookofthenecessarylegalinfrastructureforelectroniccommercehasinmanycountriesbeendelayedbyadifficultandpoliticallysensitivedebatecreatedbytheconcernsoflawenforcementauthoritiesthatthewidespreaduseofstrongencryptionmayfacilitatecrimeandterrorismtoadegreethatwillde-stabilizecivilizedgovernments.

50译文：在许多国家，执法机关担心严格加密的广泛使用，会给犯罪分子和恐怖活动提供方便，从而破坏文明政府的稳定。这种担心引起了一场难以解决的、政治上敏感的辩论。而这场辩论则延误了必要的电子商务法律归入法典的进程。肖平飞：“法律英语的长句特征及其翻译”51TRIPS：AgreementonTrade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRight与贸易有关的知识产权协定GATT：GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade《关税与贸易总协定》，1996，是WTO世界贸易组织的前身。

关贸总协定GATT有两个含义：一是指一个国际协议，其中包含了从事国际贸易所应遵守的规则；一是指后来建立的用以支持该协议的国际组织。

52GATT作为国际组织已不存在，取而代之的是WTO。但GATT作为协议仍然存在，但已不再是国际贸易的主要规则，而且已被更新。

经过修改，GATT已成为新的WTO协议的一部分。更新后的GATT与《服务贸易总协定》（GATS）和《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》（TRIPS）并列，WTO使三者并入一个单一的组织，形成一套单一的规则，并使用单一的争端解决体制。5311．Inresponsetoquestionsfromcertainmembersof