英语的语言学试题库

实用标准文案 英语语言学I.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully,DecidewhichofthefourchoicescompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets..Thereare( )mainareasofphoneticstudy.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5ANSWER:B.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeANSWER:B.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain( )AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearningCinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearningANSWER:BCD.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,social精彩文档实用标准文案group,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,()andkinterm.Atitle+firstname Btitle+titleCtitlealone Dfirstname+lastname+titleANSWER:C.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:( )Astressandmetricalpatterning BspeechandthoughtpresentationCprosestyle DanalysisofthetextANSWER:BC.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?( )ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationBLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsCChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageDHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuseANSWER:A.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof( )精彩文档

实用标准文案AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornotANSWER:ABC.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?( )AarbitrarinessCcreativity实用标准文案AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornotANSWER:ABC.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?( )AarbitrarinessCcreativityANSWER:D.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:AthetraditionalapproachCthefunctionalapproachANSWER:ABCDBdualityDreplacement( )BthestructuralapproachDthegenerativeapproach.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.Aphoneme Bword Cphrase DsentenceANSWER:D.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof( )Aphonologicalchange BsemanticchangeCanalogicalchange DorthographicchangeANSWER:C精彩文档实用标准文案.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled( )AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixesANSWER:B.( )isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemanticsANSWER:ATOC\o"1-5"\h\z.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?( )AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntaxANSWER:ACD.Whichdoesn,tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?( )AphoneticsBmorphology CmetalingyDsyntaxANSWER:C.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof( )AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvulaANSWER:B.Senseof“word”contains:( )精彩文档实用标准文案Aaphysicallydefinableunit BthecommonfactorunderlyingasetofformsCanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunitANSWER:ABD.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.Aregisters BstylesCdialectsDaccentsANSWER:A.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?( )Aarbitrariness BdualityCcreativity DreplacementANSWER:D.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause( )AtoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructuresBtohelptheaphasicsCtoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideasDtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychologyANSWER:AC精彩文档实用标准文案II.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%X10=20%)..Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()ANSWER:F.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.()ANSWER:F.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()ANSWER:F.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.()ANSWER:F7.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.()ANSWER:F8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformation精彩文档实用标准文案retrieval.()ANSWER:F9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.()ANSWER:T.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.()ANSWER:F.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.()ANSWER:T.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.()ANSWER:F精彩文档实用标准文案.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.()ANSWER:F.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod.()ANSWER:F.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.()ANSWER:FHI.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms(3%X5=15%)..displacementANSWER:Displacement,asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage精彩文档实用标准文案referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent,aseasilyashedoesthingspresently..culturaltransmissionANSWER:Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration,butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker..categoryANSWER:Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits..arbitrarinessANSWER:Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning..Vowl:ANSWER:Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.精彩文档实用标准文案.lexicon:ANSWER:Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation..linguisticsANSWER:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety,butthelanguageofallhumanbeings..wordANSWER:Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.IV.Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguageANSWER:①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement精彩文档实用标准文案.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?ANSWER:Firstofall,humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures”whichanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothaveatleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.Secondly,linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.Thirdly,ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguagenotevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso..Whatdoesphonologystudy?Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?ANSWER:Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.精彩文档实用标准文案.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.ANSWER:①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction③Performativefunction④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction⑥Recreationalfunction⑦EmotivefunctionV.Translation1.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.ANSWER:在语言学上,它是指在一种语言中,对指导文字组合进而形成句子规则的研究,或简言之,是对句子构成的研究.2.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,精彩文档实用标准文案insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.ANSWER:语音在书面写作发明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然还只是存在语言而没有书写系统。4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.ANSWER:多年以来，无数的词典多次提出以期解释“word”含义的事实，也见证了其悠久的历史.5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.ANSWER:语言是人类智慧的产物，通过运作被每个个体重新建构，而这种运作是远非意志或意识所及的.精彩文档实用标准文案6.Itishardtodefinewordinthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining“word”,noneofwhich,ofcourse,issatisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.ANSWER:很难从科学意义上定义“单词”，不过，在定义“单词”时，人们普遍认同有三个含义应包含其中——当然，它们中任何一个都不能单独令人满意地应对所有情况。.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人类早就认识到，语言是某种特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以对某种特定语言的文化冲击是内在的，不可避免的。.Meaninghasalwaysbeenacentraltopicinhumanscholarship,thoughthetermsemanticshasonlyahistoryofalittleoverahundredyears.ANSWER:“语义”一直是人类学问的核心议题，尽管“语义学”仅有一百年左右的历史.精彩文档实用标准文案.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。10.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人类早就认识到，语言是某种特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以对某种特定语言的文化冲击是内在的，不可避免的。VI.Answerandanalyse1、Whatmakeslinguisticsascience?ANSWER:Sincelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguageitoughttobaseitselfuponthesystematic，investigationoflanguagedatawhichaimsatdiscoveringthetruenatureoflanguageanditsunderlyingsystem.Tomakesenseofthedata，alinguistusuallyhasconceivedsomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure，tobecheckedagainsttheobservedorobservablefacts.Inordertomakehisanalysisscientific,alinguistisusuallyguidedbyfourprinciples:exhaustiveness,consistency,andobjectivity.精彩文档实用标准文案Exhaustivenessmeansheshouldgatherallthematerialsrelevanttothestudyandgivethemanadequateexplanationinspiteofthecomplicatedness.Heistoleavenolinguistic“stone”unturned;Consistencymeansthereshouldbenocontradictionbetweendifferentpartsofthetotalstatement;Economymeansalinguistshouldpursuebrevityintheanalysiswhenitispossible;Objectivityimpliesthatsincesomepeoplemaybesubjectiveinthestudyalinguistshouldbe(