2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案AnewstudypublishedinThursday7seditionofCellreportsthatmosquitoes7senseofsmellismorecomplexthanweoncethought.Anditmayexplainhowtheyaresogoodatseekingusoutinthedarknessandleadtonewstrategiestofightagainstthepotentiallydeadlydiseasescausedbytheirbites.UntilMegYounger,co-authorofthestudy,andhercolleaguesstartedstudyingmosquitoes,it'slongbeenknownthatmosquitoesrelyonmultiplecluestotargethumans,First,theywillsensetheCO2inthebreathfromadistancethatcanbemorethan30feet.AftertheCO2,thentheybegintosensehumanbodysmells.Theyfollowtheodors（气味）and,whentheygetveryclose,starttodetectbodyheat.Oncetheylandontheskin,theylookforaplacetobitewiththeirlegs.Inmanypartsoftheworld,theirbitesmayleadtosuchdiseasesasdengue,Zika,chikungunyaandmalaria.Thelatterdiseasealonecausesoverhalfamilliondeathseachyeararoundtheglobe.“Butmostofwhatweknowaboutmosquitoes'senseofsmellcomesfromthestudyofthebrainsofmiceandfruitflies,wherethepathwaysbetweenthebrainandsmelldetectorsarefairlysimple:Eachneuron（神经元）intheirsmelldetectorsjustrespondstoasinglekindofsmellandalltheneuronsforthatsmellareconnectedtothesamepartoftheirbrains.Ofcourse,therearecountlessdifferentdetectorsrespondingtocountlesssmells/7saysYounger."Whenwestartedlookinginsidemosquitobrains,wefoundthateachneuroncandetectmultiplesmells/7〃止’sagreatbreakthrough,“saysJosefinadelMarmol,ascientistattheHarvardMedicalSchoolwhowasn7tinvolvedwiththeresearch./zItwillchangealotaboutwhatweknowofhowmosquitoesinteractwiththeworldandgiveresearchersadditionalwaystofightthebugs.Butthere7smoreworktobedonetotest,neuronbyneuron,whichneuronactuallyrespondstowhichhumanbodysmells/7Whatcanbelearnedaboutmosquitoesfromparagraph2?Theylookforaplacetobitewiththeireyes.Theycanonlydetecthumanswithin30feet.Theyarefirstattractedbyhumanbodysmells.TheyaremoresensitivetotheCO2inthebreath.Whichdiseasecausesmorethan0.5milliondeathseachyearintheworld?Malaria.Zika.Dengue.Chikungunya.WhatisMegYounger7snewdiscovery?Thepathwaysinthebrainsofmicearefairlysimple.Aneuroninmosquitoes'detectorscandetectmanysmells.Alltheneuronsforasmellareconnectedtothesamepartofthebrain.Theneuronsinfruitflies'brainsjustrespondtoasinglekindofsmell.WhatdoesJosefinadelMarmolsayaboutthenewstudy?Theprocessisnotverycomplete.Theconclusionisnotveryreliable.Morespecifictestshavetobedone.Theresearchmethodistoocomplex.Dabc【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.CForanyonetryingtoloseweight,there7satruthwecanalluniversallyacknowledgethatbetterhealthisoftenpositionedasanumbersgame.Hittherightnumber,andallyourhealthproblemswillmagicallyresolve,sothelogicgoes.Yetincreasingly,scienceisrevealingthatlosingweightmaynotbeasilverbulletafterall.InamousestudypublishedinthejournalScience,lookingspecificallyataninflammatory（炎症的）eyeconditionlinkedtoobesitycalledmaculardegeneration（黄斑退化），researchersfoundthestruggleforbetterhealthdoesn,tnecessarilybeginandendwithweightloss.Researchersconductedexperimentsonmicethatwerefedahigh-fatdietfor11weeks,makingthemgainweightThemicewerethenputonadietoflow-fatfoodfor9weeks,makingthemloseweight.Anothergroupofmiceonlyatethelow-fatdietasacontrol.Researchersshotlasersintotheeyesofboththeyo-yodietermiceandthecontrolmicetoencourageatypicalbloodvessel（非典型性血管）growth,amarkofmaculardegeneration.Amongthemicethathadgainedandthenlostweight,therewasabout40percentmoreatypicalbloodvesselgrowththantheirstabledietpeers.Drivingthegrowthappearedtobemacrophages（巨噬细胞）.Intheyo-yodietermice,thesecellshadbeenreprogrammedtocauseinflammation.Takentogether,thesecellsappearedtohaveanoutsizeroleinatypicalbloodvesselgrowthintheeyes.Meanwhile,inthemicefedonlyalow-fatdiet,inflammatorychangeswereabsent.Theresultssuggestthateatingahigh-fatdietthatcausesweightgain,eveniffollowedbyweightloss,leavesaninflammatorymarkonmousemacrophages.Theresearchcomesduringaperiodofrenewedinterestinanti-obesitydrugs.Butmedicinesthathelppeopleshedpoundsdonottreatinflammationlinkedtoahistoryofweightgain.〃Howtoengagethesefindingswithmedicineinterventionsisachallenge/1saysBapat,headoftheresearch.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“asilverbullet”underlinedinparagraphl?Aworkablesolution.Atoughchoice.Anultimateobjective.Amajorchallenge.Howdoresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?Bymakingcomparison.Bylistingexamples.Bycontrolingtestmethods.Byanalyzingdietcomponents.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchresults?Stabledietingdrivesthegrowthofmacrophages.Reprogrammedcellsaretoblameforweightgain.Inflammatorychangesarecau