2023年高中英语阅读理解-第三部分-名人故事(四)练习

第三部分名人故事（四）16.AlexanderGrahamBellandHisFirstTelephone亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔和他的第一部机亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔，美国著名发明家和企业家。他发明了世界上第一台可用的机，创建了贝尔公司，被誉为“之父”。他出生在苏格兰的爱丁堡，并在那里接受了早期的教育。除了发明外，他还研制了助听器，改进了爱迪生发明的留声机。他对聋哑语的发明贡献甚大。从1875年到1922年间，他从美国政府那里就取得了三十项专利权。Today,aswelookupoverourbeadatthetelephonewiresthatcarryourwordsfromoneplacetoanother,wecannothelpthinkingofAlexanderGrahamBell,inventorofthetelephone.AlexanderGrahamBellwasborninScotland,butwhenhewasyounghisfamilymovedtoBoston,USA.Hismotherwasalmostdeaf,soAlexanderbecameinterestedinhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.ThisinterestledhimtoinventtheBellneversetouttoinventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesignwasamultipletelegraph.ThisoriginaltelegraphsentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode.Butonlyonemessagecouldgoatatime.Bellwantedtoimproveitsothatitcouldsendseveralmessagesatthesametime.Hedesignedamachinethatwouldseparatedifferentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheldatthesametime.Buthefoundtheproblemdifficulttosolve.Onedayashewasexperimentingwithastrawjoinedtoadeafman’sear,Bellnoticedthatwhenhespokeintotheear,thestrawdrewsoundwavesonapieceofsmokedglass.Suddenlyhehadaflashofinspiration.Ifsoundwavescouldbereproducedinamovingelectricalcurrent,theycouldbesentalongawire.Insearchingtoimprovethetelegraph,Bellinventedthefirsttelephone! OnMarch10,1876,BellandhisfriendThomasWatsonwereattheirpostsseveralroomsapart,readytobeginanotherexperiment.Whileworking,Bellgothisleghurt,andhecriedforhelp.“Mr.Watson,comehere,Iwantyou!”andWatsonheardBellcryingoverhisreceiver!Thatwasthefirstsentenceeverspokenoveratelephone.ThatnightBellwrotetohismother:“Thisisagreatdaywithme.Ifeelthatthedayiscomingwhenthetelephonewireswillbelaidontohousesjustlikewaterorgas,andfriendswilltalkwitheachotherwithoutleavinghome.”Twoyearslater,telephoneswereinstalledinmanycitiesintheUnitedStates.Thenumberoftelephonesinusekeptgoingupveryfastyearafteryear,andin1922therewereover20milliontelephonesintheUnitedStatesonly.C.hewasalmostdeaf.D.hismotherwasalmost.2.Bellinventedthetelephone______A.becausehehadadeafmother.B.buthehadneverintendedtodosointhebeginning.C.becausehehadmadeuphismindtorealizethisdream.D.sothathecouldtalktohisassistant,Mr.Watson.3.Thefirstsentenceeverspokenoveratelephonewas______A.saidbyBell.B.toaskforhelp.C.toaskWatsontocometoBell'splace.D.allmentionedabove.4.Theoriginaltelegraphhadadisadvantagebecause______A.itcouldsendseveralmessagesatthesametime.B.onlyonemessagecouldgoatatime.C.itsentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode.D.itseparateddifferentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheldatthesametime.5.DuringBell’sfuneral,allthetelephonesinNorthAmericaweresilent______A.becausetherewasanelectricityfailure.B.inordertoshowrespectandadmirationofthepeopletothegreatinventor.C.tocelebratetheinventionofthetelephone.D.rememberthedayofBell’sdeath.(DBDBB)17.AlexanderFleming,DiscovererofPenicillin亚历山大•弗莱明—青霉素的发现者青霉素（也叫盘尼西林）的发明者亚历山大·弗莱明，于1881年出生在苏格兰的洛克菲尔德，英国著名细菌学家。弗莱明从伦敦圣马利亚医院医科学校毕业后，从事免疫学研究。1928年弗莱明发现了青霉素。如今，青霉素已经救活了数以百万计的人们的生命，而且将来肯定还会救活更多的生命。\doinganyharmtoman.Flemingwroteapaperinwhichhedescribedpenicillinindetails.Thepaperwaspublishedin1929.Becauseofthelackofenoughmeans,hecouldnotgetenoughquantityofpenicillintobeusedforman.Itwasonly12yearslaterthattwootherscientistssucceededingettingenoughpenicillinforthedoctorstouseinhospitals.Inhislifetime,AlexanderFlemingreceivedalotofawardsforhisachievements.Forhisdiscoveryofpenicillin,hewontheNobelPrizein1945.ComprehensionQuestions:1.Flemingbeganhissearchforsuchasubstanceaspenicillin______A.whilestudyingatcollege.B.assoonashegraduatedfromcollege.C.duringtheFirstWorldWar.D.whenWorldWarIended.2.Penicillin______A.cancureanypatient.B.cankillthedangerousgermswithoutdoinganyharmtoman.C.isonlyusedonwounds.D.waswidelyusedinthe1920s.3.Penicillinwasfirstusedinhospitals______A.in1928.B.in1929.C.in1950.D.in1941.4.Flemingbecameworld-famousfor______A.hisexperimentsinthelaboratory.B.alotofawardshehadreceived.C.hisdiscoveryofpenicillin.D.thepaperinwhichhedescribedpenicillinindetails.5.Thepassagemainly______A.givesusabriefintroductionofAlexanderFleming.B.tellsushowpenicillinwasdiscovered.C.givesusabriefintroductionofpenicillin.D.describestheusesofpenicillin.(CBDCA)对人类认识自我有着巨大的启发与推动作用。CharlesDarwinwasaworld-famousnaturalist,whowasbornin1809atShrewsbury,Britain.Afterfinishingschool,hewenttoAfteryearsofcarefulobservation,thoughtandstudy,inNovember1859,Darwin'smainwork,TheOriginofSpecies,waspublished.Inthebook,Darwinstatedthatdifferenttypesoflivingcreatureshadnotbeencreatedsuddenly,buthadbeendevelopingoverthousandsofmillionsofyears.Inthestruggleforlife,somespecieshadfailedanddiedoutwhileotherslivedonbecausetheycouldfitinwiththeirsurroundings.Thiswascalled“thesurvivalofthefittest”.Darwin'sideasarousedmanyarguments.Buthedidnotgiveuphisviewsbecausehehadscientificprooftosupporthim.Later,moreandmorepeoplebelievedhistheory.CharlesDarwindiedin1882.Hisgreatcontributiontosciencewasthetheoryofevolution,whichwasknownasDarwinism.ComprehensionQuestions:1.Anaturalistisapersonwho______A.experimentsonplantsinalaboratory.B.makesexperimentsonpatientsinhospital.C.studiesmedicine.D.studiesanimalsandplants.2.CharlesDarwinoncemadealongjourneytostudyanimalsandplantsabroadbecause______A.hedidn'tliketostudyanimalsandplantsinhisowncountry.B.theplantsandanimalsinothercountriesweredifferentfromthoseinhisowncountry.C.hewantedtolearnmoreaboutanimalandplantlife.D.hewantedtolearnexactlyhowmanykindsofanimalstherewere.3.WecanconcludethatTheOriginofSpecieswaspublished______A.whenhewaslivinginLondon.B.whenhewasfiftyyearsold.C.beforehetraveledthedifferentpartsoftheworld.D.thirtyyearsbeforehedied.A.theywerenottakengoodcareofbypeople.B.itwastoohotinsummerandtoocoldinwinter.C.theycouldn'tfitinwiththeirsurroundings.D.theywerekilledbypeopledaybyday.(DCBAC)19.MarcoPolo,FamousItalianTraveler马可•波罗—意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗，1254出生于威尼斯。少年时便与其父亲、叔父开始了他神奇而伟大的旅行——横跨欧亚大陆。25年后才回到家乡，著成《马克·波罗游记》。他说：“无论什么种族，什么时代，从没有人看见过或观察过本书中所描述得如此多、如此伟大的事情。”书中描述了波斯中亚等各国风光，中国的敦煌、哈密、酒泉，张掖等许多城镇的风情；记载了元朝的都城建筑、官廷生活，典章礼仪、政治军事……马可·波罗对于京都的宏大气势，对于苏州、杭州等城市的秀丽多姿，不仅描绘细腻，而且发出了由衷的赞叹。MarcoPolowasborninVenicein1254.HewasthemostfamouswesternertovisitAsiaduringTheMiddleAges.Hisfather,NicoloPolo,andhisunclewerewealthytraderswhoregularlytraveledtopartsoftheEast.TheyvisitedChinaandbecamefriendswithKublaiKhan,thegreatMongolEmperor.ItwasonlywhentheyreturnedtoItalyfromChinathatMarco,whowasnow15yearsold,firstmethisfather.Marcodecidedtojointhemfortheirnexttrip.Ittookthemmorethanthreeyearstotravelthe9000milestoShang-tu,capitaloftheMongolEmpire.ThegreatKhangavethemafinewelcomeandtheystayedinahugemarbleplace.SoontheyoungMarcobecameagreatfavoriteoftheEmperorandwasoneofhismosttrustedfriends.MarcoquicklylearnedthelanguageandcustomsoftheChinesebecausehetraveledaroundandtalkedtomanypeople.Afternearly17yearsintheEast,Marcoandhisfatherpreparedtoreturnhome.NotlongafterMarcocamehome,theGenoesecaughthimduringabattleatsea.WhilehewasaprisonerhemetawritercalledRustichellowhowrotedownthelongstorythatMarcotoldhimabouthistravels.Hedidnotmakeanymorejourneysalterthepublicationofhisbooks,buthehadaplaceinhistory---hewasthefirstEuropeanevertotraveltheEastandtoreturnwithastorytotell..2.WecanconcludethatMarcobeganhistriptoChinafromItaly______A.beforehewas15yearsold.B.afterhisfatherandunclereturnedhomefromtheirfirsttriptoChina.C.whenhewas35yearsold.D.assoonashewas15yearsold.3.MarcoPololearnedtheChineselanguageandcustomsby______A.travelingaroundandtellingstoriestotheChinesepeople.B.readingandwritingChinese.C.hearingandspeakingChinese.D.talkingtomanypeoplewhiletravelingaround.4.WhenMarcoPoloreturnedtoItaly,hewasalready______A.32yearsoldB.30yearsold.C.atleast35yearsold.D.about42yearsold.5.TodayweknowMarcoPolo’striptoChinaverywellmainlybecause______A.Marcohimselfwroteatravelbook.B.someChinesewrotedownthestoryofhistrip.C.someonewrotedownthelongstorybasedonwhatMarcoPolohadtoldhim.D.manyprisonersheardthestoryandpasseditontous.(ABDCC)20.WilliamShakespeare,theGreatestEnglishPlaywright威廉•莎士比亚—英国最伟大的剧作家莎士比亚，公元1564年4月23日生于英格兰斯特拉福镇，1616年5月3日病逝。英国著名剧作家、诗人。主要作品有《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》等。莎士比亚在1590～1612的20余年内共写了三十七部戏剧，还写有二首长诗和一百五十四首十四行诗。他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。tenyear