历年山东省专升本统考《英语》真题及答案【三篇】

#iiiiTheoldmanhastwosons,arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothoftheyHeisamanofgreatknowledge,muchcanbelearned.A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhomDoyouknowthemanjustnow?A.towhoInoddedB.InoddedtoC.whomInoddedD.WhomInoddedtohimPassageOneThereissomuchmoremeaningtoamessagethanwhatexistsinthespokenorwrittenwords.Forexample,ifapersonsays,“youknow,Barbara,Ireallylikeyou,”ithasdifferentmeaningsdependingonwhetheritissaidbymanorawoman,inanofficeorabar.Context,thetoneofvoice,thestressputoncertainwords,aswellastheeyecontact,physicaldistance,andtherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthelistenerareallfactorswhichgivemeaningtowhat'sbeingsaid.Sometimes,thesefactorscangeneratemuchmoremeaningthanthewordsthemselves.Ifafriendsaytome,“Gee,Ican'twaittoseetheresultoftheupcomingelection,”myinterpretationofthatmessagewillbebaseduponmyknowledgeofmyfriendspoliticalviews,thesituationwiththecurrentcampaign,andmyabilitytounderstandthemeaningbehindthetoneofvoice.Ourabilitytounderstandsuchcueisdevelopedwithoutusbeingawareofitthroughourprocessofsocialization,Ourinterpretationofthesecuesjustcomesnaturally.Everyculturehasitsownsetofculturecuesthateachmemberofthatcultureunderstands.It'scommonhowapersonfromcultureAandapersonfromcultureBinterprettheverysamewordsintotallydifferentways.Herearesomeexamples:When”Sarcasm”Means“Sincerity”MarshathoughtthingsweregoingwellwithhernewFrenchfriends,particularlyBertrand.Heofteninvitedhertointerestingandfunevents,buthewasoftenmakingfunofher.Onedayatanartexhibition,whilelookingataparticularlyabstractpiece,MarshasaidthatshecouldNtunderstandwhattheartistwastryingtoexpress.Bertrandsmiledandresponded,“Yes,ImafraidFrenchartisfartooadvancedforAmericanstounderstand.”Marshawasupset;shereallylikedhimandcouldn'tfigureoutwhatcausedhimtofrequentlymakefunofher.So,sheaskedherhostmotheraboutit.“Mydear,”thehostmothertoldher,“Thismeansthathereallylikesyou.InFrance,whensomeonefeelscomfortableenoughtomakefunofyou,thatmeanthatyouhavebeenwelcomesasaveryclosefriends.”Joshua,anAmericanstudentinHeredia,CostaRicanpartnertomeetforcoffee.Whenheaskedwhattimetheyshouldmeet,theresponsewas“Nosencontramosahoraenelparquet”.“Ahora”literallymeansnow.So,hegrabbedhisjacketandheadedstraighttotheparkwheretheyagreedtomeet.Halfanhourlater,hisfriendarrivedwithouttheleastsighofregretforbeinglate.AfterdiscussingthematterwithhisSpanishteacher,JoshualearnedthatinCostaRica,”Ahora”meanssometimewithinthehour.And,ifpeopledecidetomeetsomeplacelikepark,itisnoproblemforoneortheothertowaitforawhilebecausetheywillspendsomenicetimeinthepark,probablyrunningintosomeotherfriends,ormeetingsomeonefriendly.When“Yes”Doesn'tMeans“Yes”ManybusinesspeoplemighthaveexperiencedthisfrustratingsituationinJapan.Sarah,ayoungbusinesswomanfromNewYork,wassenttoJapantocloseabigdealforhercompany.Whilegivingherpresentation,shebecamemoreandmorecertainofsalebecauseherJapanesebusinesspartnerscontinuallynoddedtheirheadsasshespoke.Whenshefinished,shethoughtthedealwasmadeandaskedwhentheywouldliketosigntheagreement.Shewasshockedwhenshewastoldthattheywerenotyetsureiftheywantedtomakethedealornot.WhatSarahdidnotknowisthatinJapan,noddingheaddoesnotnecessarilymean“yes”asitdoesintheUS.Itcanalsomean“yes,Iamlisteningandunderstandingwhatyouaresaying.”Thesestoriesprovidejustafewexamplesofhowlanguageskillsaresimplynotenoughtoachieveeffectivecommunicationinanotherculture.Togetthemostofyourinternationallearningexperience,focusongainingcross-culturalskillswillenableyoudothefollowing:'understandhowcultureaffectscommunication;'dealwithbehaviorthatseemstoyoustrangeoroffensive;'learnfromyourculturaladaptationprocess;'communicatemoreeffectively.Theseskillswillalsohelpyouwhenyoulearnanewlanguage.Afterall,languageissreflectionoftheculturefromwhichitdeveloped.Thispassagetellsusthat.sometimes,allthemeaningofamessageisrevealedfromthetoneofvoice.languageskillscanconveymoremeaningthanyoucanunderstand.languageskillsalonearenotenoughforcross-culturalcommunication.meaningofamessageonlyexistinthespokenorwrittenwords.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingstatementsarenottrueexcept.Wearebornwiththeabilitytounderstandtheculturalcues.Marsha'sFrenchfriend,Bertrand,didn'tlikeherandoftenlaughedatherignoranceoftheFrenchatr.JoshualearnedthatinCostaRica,peopleareusuallylatefortheirappointmentsandwon'tfeelsorryforthat.NoddinginJapanisunderstoodinquiteadifferentwayfromthatinAmerica.Thestoriestoldinthepassageshowthatlanguageskillsarenotenoughforpeopletocommunicateeffectivelyin.thesameculture.B.anotherculture.C.familymembers.D.inthesamesituation.willalsobehelpfulwhenwelearnanewlanguage.Cross-culturalskillsB.SpokenlanguageC.BehaviorstudyD.CommunicatingPassageTwoTheautomobilehasgivenpeopleincrediblefreedomofmovement.Itenablesthemtodecidewheretheywanttogoandwhen.Theautomobileinfluenceswherepeopleliveandworkandhowtheyspendtheirleisuretime.Thestrikingchangesinpeople'slivescreatedbytheautomobilebeganintheUnitedStatesandhavesincespreadacrossmuchoftheglobe,especiallyindevelopedcountries.Butevenindevelopingnations,theautomobileisincreasinglyreshapingpatternsofliving.Whenthefirstautomobileswereproduced,onlythewell-to-docouldaffordthem.Soon,however,pricesdeclinedasproductionincreasedinresponsetothegrowingdemand.ThelowerpricesputtheautomobilewithinreachofmoreandmoreAmericans.Well-offurbanresidentsfoundcarownershipcheaperthankeepingahorseandcarriage.Thegrowthincarownershipledtothebuildingofmoreandbetterroads,whichfurtherincreasedtravelthroughoutthenation.Beforethedevelopmentofautomobiles,urbanworkerswalked,bicycled,orrodehorse-drawnvehiclestotheirjobs.Butasroadsimprovedandcarownershipexpanded,workersnolongerhadtoliveneartheirjobs.Duringthe1920s,peopleinU.S.citiesincreasinglymovedtothesuburbsbecauseofthefreedomprovidedtotheworkersbyautomobileownership.Bythemid-1950s,evenfactorieshadbeguntorelocateinthesuburbs.Whereverpeoplehaveeasyaccesstoautomobiles,carsplayamajorroleinsociallifeandthechoiceofrecreationalactivities.Peoplefinditfuntohopinthecarandvisitfriendsandrelatives,whetherthedrivetakesafewminutes,hours,ordays.Theautomobilehelpsmakeiteasytoorganizepicnics,familyreunions,andotherget-togethers.Tripsbyautomobiletosuchplacesasthemeparks,nationalparks,andmountainandseashoreresortsareafavoritetypeofvacationformanypeople.WhichofthefollowingisNOTachangebroughtbytheautomobile?Thefreedomtogoanywhereintheworld.Thechangedwayofentertainingourselvesinlife.Thegrowthofmoreandbetterroads.Thedisregardoftheexistenceofnationalborders.Whatdoestheword“well-to-do”(Line1,Para.2)mean?Excellent.B.Welldone.C.Rich.D.Better.WhichofthefollowingisNOTachangedirectlycreatedbyautomobiles?Morethemeparksandnationalparksweresetup.Morecityresidentsmovedtosuburbanareas.Moreandbetterroadswerebuilt.Peoplehavefamilyreunionsmorefrequently.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardautomobiles?Negative.B.Positive.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.PassageThreeTobecomeasuccessinhightechSiliconValley,AlanAertsusedlowtechskillsandhardwork.Hecarriedboxesofproduceforagrocerystoreandsoldbreadtorestaurantswhilelaunchingavendingmachinebusinessthatsellssoftdrinksandsnackfoodstoworkaholiccomputerengineers.In190,onhisrouteasabreadsalesmanforabakery,AertsranintotheownerofaPacMangamecontrolpanelwhowasservicinghisequipmentatarestaurantinOakland,California.Aerts,whoalwaysworeashirtandtieonsalescalls,wasimpressedbytheotherfellow'sjeansandTshirtandresolvedtobranchoutonhisown.Butcapitalismrequirescapital,andAertshadlittlemoneytospare.Livingpaychecktopaycheckwithhiswifeandnewbornson,heworkeddaysatthebakeryandnightsatagrocerystoretopaythemortgage.Duringdowntimebetweenjobs,hedevelopedhisbusinessstrategy."I'msureIdideverywrongthingyoucanpossiblydo,"saysAerts.“ButIknewthatwithenoughhardwork,itwouldallmakesense."Togethisbusinessofftheground,hereliedonasecondmortgageandcreditcards,sometimespayingratesashighas19%,tobuyvideogameandvendingmachines.Afterpurchasingseveralmachinesatretailprice,herealizedhecouldbuythemdirectlyfromthemanufacturersforless.Andhelearnedthatvendingmachinesweremoreprofitablethanvideogames,whichneededtobereplacedfrequentlytokeepupwiththefickletastesofgamers.Aertsusedthecontactshemadethroughhisbakeryjobtoprospectfornewbusiness.Tohedgehisbets,heputintenyearsatthegrocerystoretoearnamodestpension.Today,Aertsscompany,CustomVendingSystems,isthelargestprivatelyownedvendorintheregion.HesaysbusinessisboomingastheValley'seconomyblossomsafterits2000bust.In2005,Aertsandhiswifedonated$2.5milliontofundscholarshipsatthelocalcommunitycollege.He'sstillbusyaroundtheclock,butnowhededicateseveningsandweekendstocharityworkandl