冲刺高考英语二轮复习小卷集训

2021高考英语二轮复习小卷集训2（含解析）I.阅读理解（2019•黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模）ThefirsthamburgercreatedbyscientistsinalabhasbeenrecentlypresentedinLondon.Theburger,whichcostover300,000dollarstogrow,comesfromstemcells（干细胞）thatweretakenoutoftheshoulderofacow.Ittookfoodscientiststhreemonthstoraise20,000tinypiecesofmeattocreateonesinglehamburger.Stemcellswerereproducedand,overaperiodoftime,createdtheirownmuscles.MarkPost，whoisascientistataDutchuniversityandresponsiblefortheproject,hasbeenresearchingthismethodforalongtime.Hesaysthatthejobwasadifficultonebecauseitwasimportanttokeepthecellshealthyandnotletanypollutiongetintothemduringthewholeprocess.Foodexpertswhotastedthenewhamburgersaidthatitfeltlikemeatbutitwaswithoutfat,whichnormallychangesthetaste.Bitingintoitfeltlikearealburger,butitwasn'tastastybecausesaltandpepperweremissing.Theexperimentshowedthatcreatingfoodinalabisapossiblesolution（解决办法）fortheworld'sfoodproblems.Largequantitiesofmeatcouldonedaybemadewithoutraisingmillionsofanimalsaroundtheworld.Thosewhowelcomesuchamethodsaythatwecannotproduceenoughmeatinthefutureandsuchanewmethodcouldbeanalternative.ButitwillbealongtimebeforeconsumersgettotastesuchanewhamburgeratMcDonald'sorelsewhere.Itwouldhavetobemademuchcheaperandthetimeittakestogrowsuchahamburgerwouldhavetobegreatlyreduced.Scientistsarehopingtogetfoodcompaniestospendmoneyonthisnewtechnology.Butmanyquestionmarksremain.Taste,whichwasputasideinthefirstprototype（原型），mustbeimprovedtogiveaconsumerthetasteofrealmeat.Meatgrownbypeoplecouldbeawayofproducingenoughfoodforourgrowingpopulationwithoutkillinganimals.Inaddition,reducinglivestock（家畜）reducesgreenhousegases.Animalsproduceaboutdoubletheamountthatwehumanscreate.Bythemiddleofthecenturythehumanpopulationisexpectedtoriseto9billionandthedemandforfood,especiallymeat,willrise.【语篇解读】在一个实验室中，第一个通过干细胞培养而制成的汉堡诞生了。这有可能缓解食品短缺的问题，还可能减少温室气体排放。1．Thefirsthamburgercomesfromstemcellsthatweretakenoutof .A．thelegofacowB．theshoulderofacowC．theneckofacowD．thetailofacow解析细节理解题。根据第一段末尾的“theshoulderofacow”可知，制作汉堡的干细胞来自牛的肩膀，故B项正确。答案B2．Whichofthefollowingdidn'tmakethefoodexpertssatisfiedaboutthehamburger?A．Itstaste. B．Itscolor.C．Itsshape. D．Itsnutrition.解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，用干细胞培养的肉脂肪缺失，因此改变了肉味，而且因为没有盐和胡椒粉，所以食品专家对这种汉堡的味道不满意，故A项正确。答案A3．WhatusedtotroubleMarkPostmostinthelabwasthat .A．itwasverydifficulttoreproducestemcellsfromacowB．thestemcellsmustbekeptcleanandhealthyallthetimeC．itwouldtakehimalongtimetocollectenoughstemcellsD．themeatinthehamburgerdidn'thaveanyfatinit解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可以推断，在实验室里最令MarkPost感到棘手的是如何保持干细胞的健康无污染，故B项正确。答案B4．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifMark'smethodiswidelyused?A．Therewillbefewerdiseasesamonganimals.B．Animalscangrowmuchfasterandbiggerthanever.C．Peoplewillbeabletoeatmeatwithdifferenttastes.D．Greenhousegasesfromanimalswillbegreatlyreduced.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，动物产生的温室气体大约是人类产生的两倍。由此可以推断，如果这种制作汉堡的方法能够得到推广，就可以大大减少动物排放的温室气体。答案DII.完形填空（2019•石家庄质检）Irememberalltoowellmyfirsttrafficticket.Foranover-confidentandimpatientteenager,thenewfoundfreedomofdrivingwasabit1.Dadwasprobablyas2asanyparentwhentheyhandthekeystoachildandpraybothcarand3willcomebackinonepiece.ButIwasnot4atall.Acarcrash?Nah,5happen.6Ididn'thitanythingoranybody.Buttherewasplentyoftrafficatthecrossing.“Comeon!”I7. “Willthelighteverturngreen?”Thetrafficlightdidchangetothesplendidcolorof8andthecarsmovedforward.JustasI9thecrossing,thelightturnedyellow.Ispedupimmediatelybutwithout10thecarwasdead,rightinthemiddleofthecrossing.Horns（喇叭）sounded.Myfaceburntas11asthelightnow.Imanagedsomehowto12thecarandrushedthroughthecrossing,tryingtoavoidthe13glancesfromthecarswantingtheirturnatthelight.Myheart14whenmyeyescaughttheflashofheadlightsofthepolicecar.I15.Witheachpassingminutethe16continued.Theofficerwrotethe17andhandedittome.Itfeltlikeadeathsentence18IknewfacingDadwasgoingtobeharderthananypoliceofficer.Ihavelearnedmy1? —beingpatient, 20thelawsandtakingmyresponsibility.NowIcanproudlyclaimthatIamabetterdriver.【语篇解读】作者第一次开车虽然没有撞到人或东西，却收到交警的罚单，这次事件让自负、不耐烦的少年学会了耐心、遵纪和有责任心。1．A.scaring B．excitingC．boring D．moving解析对于一个过分自信而不耐烦的少年而言，驾驶的自由有点令人激动。exciting“令人激动的"，符合语境。scaring“令人害怕的"；boring“乏味的”；moving“令人感动的”。答案B2．A.calm B．delightedC．relieved D．nervous解析根据下文“祈祷车和孩子能安然无恙地回来”可知，父亲递给我车钥匙时，是紧张的。nervous“紧张的”，符合语境。calm“平静的"；delighted“高兴的”；relieved“欣慰的”。答案D3．A.keys B．lightsC．kid D．officer解析根据空前的achild可知，此处指孩子和车都完整无缺。kid“孩子”，符合语境。key“钥匙”；light“灯”；officer“警官”。答案C4．A.concerned B．guiltyC．grateful D．confident解析利用转折连词But一词可推出，与父亲的紧张心情相对的是作者一点也不担心。concerned“担忧的”，符合语境。guilty“内疚的"；grateful“感激的”；confident“自信的”。答案A5．A.seldom B．alwaysC．sometimes D．never解析空前提到“车祸”，结合上文作者毫不在意的表现可知，作者认为车祸永远不可能发生。故never“永不”，符合语境。seldom“不常”；always“总是”；sometimeS'有时”。答案D6．A.Surprisingly B．UnusuallyC．Typically D．Fortunately解析没撞到任何人或物是幸运的事。故fortunately“幸运的是"，符合语境。surprisingly“令人吃惊的是"；unusually“非同寻常地"；typically“典型地”。答案D7．A.laughed B．whisperedC．complained D．cheered解析该空前后的“快点”和“灯会变绿吗？”是作者抱怨的话。故complain"抱怨；埋怨"，符合语境。laugh“笑”；whisper“低语”；cheer“欢呼”。

答案C8．A.go B．stopC．wait D．turn解析根据and后的thecarsmovedforward可知，这时红灯转为绿灯，可以走了。go在句中用作名词，意为“行驶”。stop“停止”；wait“等待”；turn“转向”。答案A9．A.ignored B．reachedC．missed D．passed解析作者刚到十字路口，灯变成黄灯。reach“到达”，符合语境。ignore“忽略”；miss“错过”；pass“通过”。答案B10．A.warning B．doubtC．hesitation D．delay解析作者立刻加速，但是车毫无预兆地熄火了。withoutwarning“毫无预兆”，符合语境。withoutdoubt“毫无疑问”；withouthesitation“毫不迟疑”；withoutdelay“立刻；毫不耽搁”。答案A11．A.white B．redC．yellow D．green解析上文提到灯变为黄灯，这时作者的车又熄火，因此红灯亮了，作者的脸烧得像红灯一样红。故B项正确。答案B12．A.repair B．parkC．restart D．abandon解析上文提到汽车熄火，故此处指作者设法重启汽车。restart“重启”，符合语境。repair“修理”；park“停车”；abandon"抛弃；放弃；遗弃”。答案CB．angryDB．angryD．embarrassedC．quick

解析上文提到作者的车熄火，司机们按响喇叭，由此说明作者此时避开司机们愤怒的目光。angry"愤怒的；生气的”，符合语境。shy“羞涩的"；quick“迅速的”；embarrassed"难为情的；尴尬的”。答案B14．A.sank B．brokeC．ached D．failed解析下文提到作者看到警车过来，因此作者的心沉了下去。$山卜（过去式sank）“消沉”，符合语境。break“破碎，心碎"；ache“疼痛”；fail“衰竭；失败”。答案A15．A.droveaway B．spedupC．pulledover D．settleddown解析警车过来了，作者自然要停靠路边。pullover“靠边停车"，符合语境。driveaway“驶走”；speedup“加速”；settledown“安顿下来”。答案CB．pride16B．prideC．shame D．disappointment解析作者觉得羞愧难当。shame“羞愧”，符合语境。thrill“激动”；pride“自豪，骄傲"；disappointment“失望”。答案CB．letterDB．letterD．ticketC．book解析作者违反了交通规则，警察递给作者的应该是一张罚单。故ticket“交通罚款单”，符合语境。note“便条”；letter“信件"；book“书”。答案D18．A.because B．althoughC．if D．unless解析根据语境“这就像宣判死刑，因为面对父亲比面对任何警官还艰难。”可知，应用because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。答案AB．lesson19B．lessonC．subject D．story解析破折号后的“耐心、遵纪和负责任”是我在这次事件中学到的教训。故lesson“教训”，符合语境。skill“技能”；subject“课程”；story“故事”。答案B20．A.changing B．breakingC．making D．observing解析observe“遵守”，符合语境。change“改变”；break“违反"；make“制造”。答案DIII.语法填空(原创)LiuXiangofChinabecamethefirstwoman1__(breakjhe27-secondbarrierinthewomen's50mbackstrokeasshesetaworldrecordattheAsianGames.Liu,theAsianrecord2(hold)in50mfreestyle,ledthe50mbackstrokefromthestart3theend,clockingatimeof26.98secondsforthenewworldrecord.Shewonabronzemedalfrom50mbackstrokein2015WorldChampionshipsinKazan.Thepreviousworldrecordof27.064(set)byChina'sformerworldchampionZhaoJingonJuly30,2009whilethepreviousAsianrecordwasheldbyGaoChangof27.48.“Ididnotexpect5(do)that!Itwaslike6dream.__7__(actual),itwasnotmyfavoriteevent,”saidLiu.“I8(improve)myunder-waterlegsinthelastfewmonths,trainingintheUnitedStates,andIthinkthathasmadememuch9(good).Mycoachtoldmetopaymoreattentiontothelegs,10helpedmedominatetheracefromthestart.”2. 3. 4. 5． 6. 7. 8. 9． 10. 答案与解析【语篇解读】中国选手刘湘在雅加达亚运会50米仰泳中获得冠军并打破世界纪录。1．tobreak考查非谓语动词。序数/最高级词修饰名词，且主语与非谓语动词是逻辑上的主动关系时，其后应用不定式作后置定语。holder考查词性转换。此处指亚洲纪录持有者，应用名词holder。to考查介词短语。根据语境“从头至尾”和设空前的介词from可知，该处是from...to...“从 到 ”，故填to。wasset考查动词的时态和语态。主语Thepreviousworldrecord与set是被动关系，且句中时间状语是onJuly30,2009,故谓语用一般过去时的被动语态，填wasset。todo考查非谓语动词。expecttodosth"期盼做某事”，是固定用法。a考查冠词。此处指“一个梦想”，表泛指，应用不定冠词a。Actually考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词，填Actually,意为“实际上；事实上”。haveimproved考查动词的时态。句中时间状语是inthelastfewmonths,故谓语用现在完成时，故填haveimprovedobetter考查形容词的比较级。设空前是比较级修饰语much,结合语境“这使我更好”可知，此处填形容词good的比较级better。which考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句,关系词指代主句的全部内容，意为“这一点”，故应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。2014---2021年高考语法填空考点汇编(非谓语动词)[2021浙江卷1月]In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries62(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.studied。考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词had，故空格需用过去分词studied作为一个后置定语修饰前面的名词countries。[2021浙江卷1月]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople64(live)inthecountryside.living。考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词maybe，故空格需填现在分词living作后置定语修饰people。[2020课标I]ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.tofind。考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。空格此处表示目的，应使用不定式作状语。故填tofind。[2020课标II]Theyrepresenttheearth63(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewing。考查非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。[2020课标II]Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.decorated。考查非谓语动词。句中them指代前句中的orangetrees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。[2020课标II]Theyareeasy68(care)forandmakegreatpresents.tocare。考查非谓语动词。此处考查“be+adj.+todo”结构，此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义tocarefor。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。[2020课标III]Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67(find)thewell-knownpainter.tofind。考查动词不定式。setouttodosth.开始做某事。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，开始去找这位著名的画家。[2020课标III]Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.surrounding。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，thesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词surrounding。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。[2020山东卷]Visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.walking。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处与前面的livingdifferenttimeinhistory并列，都作动词imagine的宾语，故此处用walking。[2020浙江卷1月]Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected57(increase)to42by2050.toincrease。考查非谓语动词。根据isexpected可知，其后需要接不定式do结构，意为“预计将……”。[2020浙江卷1月]Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge60(compare)topared。考查非谓语动词。结合句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，且compare与逻辑主语oldgenerations是动宾关系，故填paredto是固定结构，意为“与……相比”。[2020浙江卷7月]Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60(change)lives.tochange。考查非谓语动词。分析句子，简单句中已有谓语动词gave，故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式tochange表示目的。[2020浙江卷7月]Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,63(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.making。考查非谓语动词。分析句子，句子已有谓语learned，makeuseof和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式making做状语。14.[2019课标I]Modemmethodsareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.toperform。考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来，费用很高。sth.be+adj.+todo，其中不定式作状语，与sth.是动宾关系。[2019课标I]Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.noting。考查非谓语动词。科学家们对此作出了回应，他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语，故用v-ing形式，即bydoingsth.通过做某事。[2019浙江]Whenthechildrenarewalkingor59(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasilyseethem.cycling。考查非谓语动词。设空处与walking并列，与are连用构成现在进行时，故填cycling。[2019浙江]Butsomestudentsdidn’twant63(wear)theuniform.towear。考查非谓语动词。句意：但是有些学生不想穿校服。want后需加不定式作宾语，故填towear。[2018课标I]Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.tosee。考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。此处在句中作目的状语，主语you与动词see为主动关系，故填不定式的主动式tosee。[2018课标I]Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.dying。考查非谓语动词。介词of需后接动名词形式dying作宾语。句意：你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重，但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。[2018课标I]Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles...strengthen。考查词性转换。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故to后填strength的动词形式strengthen。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌肉……。[2018课标II]Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.toimprove。考查动词不定式。句意：政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高水质。根据句意可知，空格需用动词不定式toimprove作目的状语。[2018课标II]China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.feeding。考查现在分词。China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系，故while后接feeding现在分词作时间状语。[2018课标III]Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel65(challenge).looking。考查动名词。动词avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主动关系，故填动名词looking。句意：我迅速弯下身，低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。challenged。考查非谓语动词。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词形式challenged作连系动词feel的表语。[2018浙江]Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyears.visiting。考查动名词作宾语。rememberdoingsth.意为“记得做过某事”。[2018浙江]Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme70(stay)andwatch.tostay。考查动词不定式。allow后须加不定式作宾补。又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系，故填tostay。句意：一旦它的信息传递了，它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。[2017课标I]Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.toprocess。考查动词不定式。根据语境“需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理食物”和requiresth.todosth.(要求某物做某事)可知，此处应填toprocess。[2017课标I]By68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.eating。考查动名词。介词by表示方式，故后接动名词eating作宾语。句意：人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的更多的盐和油脂。[2017课标II]Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.laying。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。[2017课标III]Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).resting。考查固定搭配。spendtimedoingsth,是固定搭配，故空格填resting。[2017课标III]ButSarahwants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.toprove。考查非谓语动词。want后需接动词不定式toprove作宾语。[2016课标I]ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.permitted。考查非谓语动词。本句话中的谓语动词是was,空白处需要填非谓语动词，reporter和permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。[2016课标I]Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatCroducing。考查非谓语动词。include“包括”，为及物动词，后面必须跟动名词形式作宾语。[2016课标II]Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely69(bring)yourworkhome.tobring。因belikelytodosth.是固定搭配。[2016课标III]Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal63(create)specialdesigns.tocreate。句中已有谓语combine，故create应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用不定式形式tocreate。[2016课标III]Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,64 (use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.usingo句中已有谓语cooked，故use为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词using作伴随状语。[2015课标I]Astudyoftravelers68(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinatio