凯旋门寒假起跑讲义第二天笔记

2018凯旋门何寒假起跑KK句子四步法一.确定主干：1)独立名词:之前不出现介词或者关系代词/关系连词的名进一步寻找与其相匹配的动词（谓语中间部分跳读二.切分成分：.）语）.（三.独立成句： .同位动态名词/四.调整句序 根据中文的表达习惯调整各分句的顺序，必要时加上汉语连接词KK阅读三步法一.精确定位二.模糊替换三.为30其他句子：25句（语感）学习是这个时代的要求TechnologyAndEducation:Lifelonglearning(January14,2017theEconomist)Wheneducationfailstokeeppacewithtechnology,theresultisinequality.Todayroboticsandartificialin ligencecallforanothereducationrevolution.Peoplemustalsobeabletoacquirenewskillsthroughouttheircareers. y，asourspecialreportinthisissuesetsout,thelifelonglearning（thatexiststoday）mainlybenefitshighachievers---andisthereforemorelikelytoaggravateinequalitythandiminishit.If21st-centuryeconomies（经济体）arenottocreateamassiveunderclass,makersurgentlyneedtoworkouthowtohelpalltheircitizenslearnwhiletheyearn.Sofar,theirambitionhasfallenpitifullyshort.AspiretoinspireuntilIexpire!Fallthrough:Thenfellthroughbecauseoftheinsufficientfund.失败Mattheweffect:Insociology,theMattheweffect(oraccumulatedadvantage)isthephenomenonwhere"therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer."Part句子开头的第一个独立名词就是句子主进一步寻找与其相匹配的动词（中间部分跳读再根据动词性质进一步确定剩余部分Left,untilnow,to（odd,low-levelITstaff=名词短语=名词）toputright,andseenasaconcernonlyof（data-richindustries=名词短语=名词）suchas（banking, sandairtravel）,//informationprotection(主语is（系动词）nowhigh（表语）(ontheboss’sagenda状语inbusinessesofeveryvariety（定语）.(各个行业)（句子主干）Aisnowhighonone’sagenda.（写作句型）A受到了的重视。BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWar/is/country’simpressivepopulationgrowth.（名词短语=名词）(句子主语)A=Canadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWarB=thecountry’simpressivepopulation主系表===表系主！（1.2.3.平衡）Herecomes(系动词a ThereisaOfgreatimportanceisyourself-confidence.Of+n=adj very+adj=ofgreat+名词写作句型：写作句型：BasictoanyunderstandingofAisBisbasictoanyunderstandingof例句：Basictoanyunderstandingofyoungsters’choicetobetheservantsarethegoodsalary,thestablepositionandthegenerousA=youngsters’choicetobethecivilB=thegoodsalary,thestablepositionandthegenerousBasictoanyunderstandingof’shazeproblemistheparadoxofdevelopmentandenvironmentalconcern.(1)Amongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsshinthenewworld/is/Straitford,Inc.,aprivatein ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.(名词，名词)Straitfordisamongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsshinthenew shinthenewworld.(词汇义由境StraitfordmakesmoneyontheAmongAis第一个独立名词位于系动词之后可以AmongAisBBisamongBA（A上义词（city）(man)(animal)1.Among ngsth1.Among ngsthis 2.Bisamong ng=BdoesAmongstudentsattainingthehighscoreinthisexamis2.=Kevinisamongstudentsattainingthehighscoreinthis3.=Kevinattainshighscoreinthis (阅读321（写作AmongfirmsmakingthebiggestsshintheonlineeducationmarketistheWenduEducationGrouplocatedinthecityofBeijing.makesthebiggest = inmakesthebiggest WendumakestheadvanceinproductsKevingivesthewonderfulKevinisamongteachersgivingthewonderfulspeech.AmongteachersgivingwonderfulspeechisKevin.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800,thisnewviewspreadthroughoutinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcentury.主谓 Morerecently,ConsumerReports,apublicationownedbyaconsumeradvocacyandindependenttestingcentreinYonkers,NewYork,gotaneye-openerduringavisittoaNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA)laboratory.Cowithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitats/hasbeen=is/agrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.Igotaneye-openerinyourAgrowingappreciationis withconcerns.(1)Thestandardtestsdonotl(体现)/howableanunderprivilegedyoungster(diaosi)(anunderclassyoungster)mighthavebeen//(2)hadhegrownupundermorefavorable(2)=hehadgrownupundermorefavorableIfhehadgrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances,howableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeen.=howableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeen//hadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.Onlyinthiswaycanweputthesituationon 1.第一个独立名词位于系动词之后可以判定为完全倒装 Theemphasisondatagathered?first-hand,combined?withacross-culturalbrought?totheysisofculturespastandpresent,makes?thisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.4：makes一定是动词！一.确定主干句子开头的第一个独立名词就是句子主进一步寻找与其相匹配的动词（中间部分跳读再根据动词性质进一步确定剩余部分Make（制造）+宾语/make（使）+宾语+宾OurfaithinmanyofthethingsinwhichourforefathersferventlybelievedhasThereportidentifies（theundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofineffectualanddmedicalprocedurest prolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying名词宾语）(asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare)宾补.Indentify（确认，认为，确定）+（名词）宾语+（as(是)+名词（形容词宾补ThereportidentifiestheundertreatmentandtheaggressiveuseasthetwinTheresearchconductedbyanemerginginvestigatingbodyidentifiesthepollutionfromcarsaggravatedbytheincreasingnumberofprivatecarsandthereleasingofsomesteelfactorieslocatedintheHebeiprovincewhichistheneighborofthecapitalcityasthemainsourceofthePM2.5oftheairinthecityofBeijing.Naturehasntedinourmindsaninsatiabledesiretoseethetruth.nt+名词findoutwhatitfindoutwhatitisadvisableadvocatesareaimingatWhenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfor,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.peopleshouldtryWhenanovel ryideapeopleshouldtryAnovelli ryidea=anewmovementinartappears=attainspeopleshouldtryto=itisadvisabletofindout=determinewhatitsadvocatesareaimingat=its（Tofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat）isitisadvisable findoutwhatitsadvocatesitisadvisableIt=（TofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingdetermineitsignoreitsfollowthenewaccepttheHehaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocraticwayaboutmoralproblems.HehaselectedasBAHehaselectedAasA=theactivity/1ofthinking/2inaSocraticway/3aboutmoralproblemsB=1his/2primary/dutyandpleasure/3inlife（宾语后置）增加语言的多样 Itmayprovedifficult（eventothepointofimpossibility）（toestablishforasuccessfulindustrialrenovationacomprehensiveandtrustworthypicture.tothepointofimpossibilityto+名词=介词短语（不做主语todosthtodo=不定式短语（做主语toestablish（记录描述）acomprehensive（全面的）andtrustworthy（可信的）（情况）mayproveeventothepointofimpossibility1=程度=forasuccessfulindustrialrenovation很。常。 ）ItisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilitytolearnEnglishwellinsuchashortFromthemiddle-classfamily,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdened主干muchofthislooks（=is）farlesslike=（not）(绝不是anopportunityandagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationagoodFromthemiddle-classfamily状语1Understandably状语2toexercisemorefinancialresponsibility（定语ofthewholesaleshift（完全的转移）offinancialriskontotheir（中产）按中文的表达习惯调整其语序；可以有多种接受的翻译版本；通顺为标准二.切分成分：.））.（三.独立成句：实战要求句子中任何过长的成分都可以独立成句从句 （1）切分；(2)关系代词=找指代；(3)调整关系代词或者介词+关系代词的位置同位（阅读中必须独立成句的成分动态名词/动态形容 Thejudgemustaccepttheobligation/ofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.有义务用一种尽量清晰的方式揭示出导致其做出决定的推理的过Thejudgemustacceptthe2.(Thejudge)reveals(inasobviousamanneraspossible)thecourseofreasoning/whichledhimtohisdecision.Reveal+Nthecourseof(inasobviousamanneraspossible)=(inaasobviousaspossiblemanner)=状语用一种尽量清whichledhimtohisdecision.定语导致其做出决定That在定语从句中一定是关系代词，做宾语时可以省略在其他从句中一定是关系连词，任何时候都可省略 Butsurelythatideadoesnotmean(that)（environmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science）,/asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest. 判断：Environmentalistswereblamedforanti-scienceinanessay.As1.As=thatideadoesnotmean(that)（environmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science）As=environmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-scienceanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest+1anessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest+2Asyouareold,Asisshown一As+主语2+观点词AsAs在这种情况中翻译为“正如”As+主语2+观点词As也只能指代宾语从句As在这种情况中翻译为“但是” 就一定有观点的相同和不同Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkHeisnotarguing（认为）thatwecannolongerthinkstraight(正常思考becausewedonottalkproper（恰当说话）.Talk(系动词)+adj)+asmany（说话方式和思维之间有没有必然联系？）Hemany的观点一样还是不一样！Thereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.（定语从句Byvirtueof=becauseVirtue1.美德；2.3.Byvirtueof=ThereisManismanbyvirtueofAmerica’sjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalofunemployment/---theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthe句子---名America’sjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment/–ThisisthebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffintheWhich=theBelowthenaturalrateofunemployment,inflationhastakenoff.Inflation,belowthenaturalrateofunemployment,hastakenoffInflationhastakenoffbelowthenaturalrateofunemploymentPeopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-departmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantThedepartmentstoresofthe19thcenturyoweditsemergencetothecultureof实战练习AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.IntheWesterner’seyes,thepostwarJapan underaimlessapositivearivaltotheontheWhathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.6.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition theythinkofitastheirpursuitsarenotfameorambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialtheydonotwanttoappeargreedyand第四步：调整语1.Hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantage2.forcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.ButeverybodyknowsObamaneedsaliberaltostopthecourtfrommovingfurthertotherightthanitalreadyhasunderJohnRoberts,thepresentChiefJustice,amanmorestealth-bomberthanaircraft-carrier,whoseprofessionsofjudicialmodestyduringhisownconfirmationhearingsin2005gavelittleinklingofthecontroversialdecisionsoverwhichhehassincepresided.Theshark,ahugelysuccessfulfishinevolutionaryterms,withalineagedatingbackmorethan400millionyears,isunderrelentlessattackfromhumans. Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandIntroducedtohelpenpricecontrolsitfuel-hungry1970s,America’sbanonr-oilexportswasallbutforgottenwhentheeconomyboomedandimportssoared.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswhoworkwellwiththeteam.Along-heldviewofthehistoryoftheEnglishcoloniesthatbecametheUnitedStateshasbeenthatEngland’stowardthesecoloniesbefore1763wasdictatedbycommercialinterestsandthatachangetomoreimperial,dominatedbyexpansionistmilitaristobjective,generatedthetensionsthatultimayledtotheAmericanRevolution.Part1.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturistrequiresanewformofexpressionWemustspeedupourlituretoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Futuristsclaimthatwe increasetheproductionof usepoetrytorelievemoderndevelopnewmodesofavoidusingadjectivesand题2.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadriving.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkhadgivenanimpetustoits题3.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,the fortisbeginningtol.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact theyoungarelesstolerant fortsinthedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthetheJapaneseenduremorethanevertheJapaneseappreciatetheirpresent4.Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustinnasty.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstrated theuseofmachinestoproducesciencethewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingtheinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangeroustheelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboring题.Whileweknowhowto larobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’to ctwithadynamicAccordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat. ctwithhumanbeingshavealittlecommonrespondindependentlytoachanging6.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscan makeafewdecisionsfordealwithsomeerrorswithhumancultivatehuman7.NAS’sreportidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofineffectualanddmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecare 题8.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessaryto inganykindofprofessional.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshould includedasanauxiliarycourseinmasteredthroughalife-longequallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalor9.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirthforresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo’slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussed embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentofthehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryoanembryo’slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryotheissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledinthe10.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheEnvironmentalistswereblamedforanti-scienceinanP