2020年大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)

大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourcampus,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1. A）Theycameinfivedifferentcolors. C）Theywereaverygooddesign. B）Theyweregoodvalueformoney. D）Theyweresoldoutveryquickly.2. A）Askherroommatenottospeakloudlyonthephone. B）Askherroommatetomakeherphonecallsoutside. C）Goandfindaquieterplacetoreviewherlessons. D）Reportherproblemtothedormmanagement.3. A）Thewashingmachineistotallybeyondrepair. B）HewillhelpWendyprepareherannualreport. C）Wendyshouldgiveprioritytowritingherreport.D）Thewashingmachineshouldbecheckedannually.4. A）Themanfelldownwhenremovingthepainting. B）Thewallwillbedecoratedwithanewpainting. C）Thewomanlikesthepaintingonthewall.D）Thepaintingisnowbeingreframed.5. A）Itmustbemissing. C）Themantookittothemarket. B）Itwasleftintheroom. D）Sheplaceditonthedressingtable.6. A）Gotoaplay. C）Booksometickets. B）MeetJanet. D）Haveaget-together.7. A）Oneboxofbooksisfoundmissing. C）Replacementshavetobeordered. B）Someoftheboxesarrivedtoolate. D）Someofthebooksaredamaged.8. A）ThemanwillpickupProfessorJohnsonatheroffice. B）Themandidnotexpecthispapertobegradedsosoon. C）ProfessorJohnsonhasgiventhemanaveryhighgrade. D）ProfessorJohnsonwilltalktoeachstudentinheroffice.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9. A）Tobuyapresentforhisfriendwhoisgettingmarried. B）Tofindoutthecostforacompletesetofcookware. C）Toseewhathecouldaskhisfriendstobuyforhim. D）Tomakeinquiriesaboutthepriceofanelectriccooker.10. A）Toteachhimhowtousethekitchenware. B）Todiscusscookingexperienceswithhim. C）Totellhimhowtopreparedeliciousdishes.D）Torecommendsuitablekitchenwaretohim.11. A）Therearesomanydifferentsortsofknives. B）Cookingdevicesaresuchpracticalpresents. C）Amixercansavesomuchtimeinmakingcakes.D）Saucepansandfryingpansareamustinthekitchen.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A）Somenewproblemsinherwork. C）Herchanceforpromotioninthebank. B）Cooperationwithaninternationalbank. D）Herintentiontoleaveherpresentjob.13. A）TheWorldBank. C）AU.S.financecorporation. B）BankofWashington. D）AninvestmentbankinNewYork.14. A）Supervisingfinancialtransactions. B）Takingchargeofpublicrelations. C）Makingloanstoprivatecompaniesindevelopingcountries. D）OfferingservicetointernationalcompaniesintheUnitedStates.15. A）Itisafirstmajorsteptorealizingthewoman’sdream. B）Itisanhonorforthewomanandherpresentemployer. C）Itisalossforhercurrentcompany. D）Itisreallybeyondhisexpectation.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A）Carryoutathoroughcheckup. C）Keepextragasinreserve. B）Trytokeepthegastankfull. D）Fillupthewatertank.17. A）Attemptingtoleaveyourcartoseekhelp. B）Openingawindowabittoletinfreshair. C）Runningtheengineeverynowandthen.D）Keepingtheheateronforalongtime.18. A）Itexhaustsyouphysically. C）Itcausesyoutolosebodyheat. B）Itmakesyoufallasleepeasily. D）Itconsumestoomuchoxygen.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A）Theyareverygenerousingivinggifts. B）Theyrefusegiftswhendoingbusiness. C）Theyregardgiftsasatokenoffriendship. D）Theygivegiftsonlyonspecialoccasions.20. A）Theyenjoygivinggiftstootherpeople. B）Theyspendalotoftimechoosinggifts. C）Theyhavetofollowmanyspecificrules. D）Theypayattentiontothequalityofgifts.21. A）Gift-givingplaysanimportantroleinhumanrelationships. B）Wemustbeawareofculturaldifferencesingivinggifts. C）Wemustlearnhowtogivegiftsbeforegoingabroad. D）Readingextensivelymakesoneabettergift-giver.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A）ItreflectsAmericanpeople’sviewofFrenchpolitics. B）ItisfirstpublishedinWashingtonandtheninParis. C）ItexplainsAmericanpoliticstotheFrenchpublic. D）ItispopularamongFrenchgovernmentofficials.23. A）Workonhercolumn. C）Entertainherguests. B）Dohouseworkathome. D）Goshoppingdowntown.24. A）Toreporttohernewspaper. C）Tovisitherparents. B）TorefreshherFrench. D）Tomeetherfriends.25. A）ShemightberecalledtoFrance. C）ShemightcloseherMondaycolumn. B）Shemightchangeherprofession. D）Shemightbeassignedtoanewpost.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.AccordingtoAmericanlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heisconsidered（26）__________untilthecourtprovesthepersonisguilty.Toarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereasonablysurethatacrimehasbeen（27）__________.Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonswhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Thenthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestation,wherethenameofthepersonandthe（28）__________againsthimareformallylisted.Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailor（29）__________.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourt（30）__________runaway,hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail（保释金）.Atthistime,too,thejudgewill（31）__________acourtlawyertodefendthesuspectifhecan’taffordone.Thesuspectreturnstocourtaweekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictattorney’sofficepresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Theattorneymaypresent（32）__________aswellaswitnesses.Thejudgethendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasonto（33）__________.TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslowly.However,everystepis（34）__________toprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethe（35）__________oftheAmericangovernment.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingisatrendtowardwarmerconditionsaroundtheworld.Partofthewarmingisnatural;wehaveexperienceda20,000-year-longwarmingasthelasticeageendedandtheice___36___away.However,wehavealreadyreachedtemperaturesthatarein___37___withotherminimum-iceperiods,socontinuedwarmingislikelynotnatural.Weare___38___toapredictedworldwideincreaseintemperatures___39___between1℃and6℃overthenext100years.Thewarmingwillbemore___40___insomeareas,lessinothers,andsomeplacesmayevencooloff.Likewise,the___41___ofthiswarmingwillbeverydifferentdependingonwhereyouare—coastalareasmustworryaboutrisingsealevels,whileSiberiaandnorthernCanadamaybecomemorehabitable（宜居的）and___42___forhumansthantheseareasarenow.Thefactremains,however,thatitwilllikelygetwarmer,on___43___,everywhere.Scientistsareingeneralagreementthatthewarmerconditionswehavebeenexperiencingareatleastinparttheresultofahuman-inducedglobalwarmingtrend.Somescientists___44___thatthechangesweareseeingfallwithintherangeofrandom（无规律的）variation—someyearsarecold,otherswarm,andwehavejusthadanunremarkablestringofwarmyears___45___—butthatisbecominganincreasinglyrareinterpretationinthefaceofcontinuedandincreasingwarmconditions. A）appealing I）melted B）average J）persist C）contributing K）ranging D）dramatic L）recently E）frequently M）resolved F）impact N）sensible G）line O）shock H）maintainSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheEndoftheBook?A） Amazon,byfarthelargestbooksellerinthecountry,reportedonMay19thatitisnowsellingmorebooksinitselectronicKindleformatthanintheoldpaper-and-inkformat.Thatisremarkable,consideringthattheKindlehasonlybeenaroundforfouryears.E-booksnowaccountfor14percentofallbooksalesinthiscountryandareincreasingfarfasterthanoverallbooksales.E-booksalesareup146percentoverlastyear,whilehardbacksalesincreased6percentandpaperbacksdecreased8percent.B） Doesthisspellthedoomofthephysicalbook?Certainlynotimmediately,andperhapsnotatall.WhatitdoesmeanisthatthebookbusinesswillgothroughatransformationinthenextdecadeorsomoreprofoundthananyithasseensinceGutenbergintroducedprintingfrommoveabletypeinthe1450s.C） Physicalbookswillsurelybecomemuchrarerinthemarketplace.Massmarketpaperbacks,whichhavebeendecliningforyearsanyway,willprobablydisappear,aswillhardbacksformysteries,thrillers,“romancefiction,”etc.Suchbooks,whichonlyrarelyendupinpermanentcollections,eitherprivateorpublic,willprobablyonlybeavailablease-bookswithinafewyears.Hardbackandtradepaperbacksfor“serious”nonfictionandfictionwillsurelylastlonger.Perhapsitwillbecomethemarkofanauthortoreckonwiththatheorsheisstillpublishedinhardcopy.D） Asforchildren’sbooks,whoknows?Children’sbooksarelikedogfoodinthatthepurchasersarenottheconsumers,sothemarket（andthemarketing）isinherentlystrange.E） Forcluestothebook’sfuture,let’slookatsomeexamplesoftechnologicalchangeandseewhathappenedtotheoldtechnology.F） Onetechnologyreplacesanotheronlybecausethenewtechnologyisbetter,cheaper,orboth.Thegreaterthedifference,thesoonerandmorethoroughlythenewtechnologyreplacestheold.Printingwithmoveabletypeonpaperdramaticallyreducedthecostofproducingabookcomparedwiththeold-fashionedoneshandwrittenonvellum,whichcomesfromsheepskin.ABible—tobesure,alongbook—requiredvellummadefrom300sheepskinsandcountlessman-hoursoflabor.Beforeprintingarrived,aBiblecostmorethanamiddle-classhouse.Therewereperhaps50,000booksinallofEuropein1450.By1500therewere10million.G） Butwhileprintingquicklycausedthehandwrittenbooktodieout,handwritinglingeredon（继续存在）wellintothe16thcentury.Veryspecialbooksarestilloccasionallyproducedonvellum,buttheyareone-of-a-kindshowpieces.H） Sometimesanewtechnologydoesn’tdrivetheoldoneout,butonlypartsofitwhileforcingtheresttoevolve.Themovieswerewidelypredictedtodrivelivetheateroutofthemarketplace,buttheydidn’t,becausetheaterturnedouttohavequalitiesmoviescouldnotreproduce.Equally,TVwassupposedtoreplacemoviesbut,again,didnot.I） Moviesdid,however,fatallyimpactsomepartsoflivetheater.AndwhileTVdidn’tkillmovies,itdidkillsecond-ratepictures,shorts,andcartoons.J） NordidTVkillradio.Comedyanddramashows（”JackBenny,”“AmosandAndy,”“TheShadow”）allmigratedtotelevision.Butbecauseyoucan’tdriveacarandwatchtelevisionatthesametime,rushhourbecameradio’sprimetime,whilemusic,talk,andnewsradiogreatlyenlargedtheiraudiences.Radioistodayaverydifferentbusinessthaninthelate1940sandamuchlargerone.K） Sometimesoldtechnologylingersforcenturiesbecauseofitssymbolicpower.Mountedcavalry（骑兵）replacedthechariot（二轮战车）onthebattlefieldaround1000BC.ButchariotsmaintainedtheirplaceinparadesandtriumphsrightupuntiltheendoftheRomanEmpire1,500yearslater.Theswordhasn’thadamilitaryfunctionforahundredyears,butisstillpartofanofficer’sfull-dressuniform,preciselybecauseaswordalwayssymbolized“anofficerandagentleman.”L） Sometimesnewtechnologyisalittlecranky（不稳定的）atfirst.Televisionrepairmanwasacommonoccupationinthe1950s,forinstance.Andsotheoldtechnologyremainsasabackup.SteamshipscapturedtheNorthAtlanticpassengerbusinessfromsailinthe1840sbecauseofitsmuchgreaterspeed.Butsteamshipsdidn’tlosetheirsailsuntilthe1880s,becauseearlymarineengineshadanastyhabitofbreakingdown.Untilshipsbecamelargeenough（andenginessmallenough）tomounttwoenginessidebyside,theyneededtokeepsails.（Thehighcostofsteamandthelesserneedforspeedkeptthemajorityoftheworld’soceanfreightmovingbysailuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.）M） Thenthereisthefireplace.Centralheatingwaspresentineveryupper-andmiddle-classhomebythesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Butfunctioningfireplacesremaintothisdayapowerfulsellingpointinahouseorapartment.Isuspectthereasonisadeep-rootedloveoffire.Firewasoneoftheearliestmajortechnologicaladvancesforhumankind,providingheat,protection,andcookedfood（whichismucheasiertoeatanddigest）.Humancontroloffiregoesbackfarenough（overamillionyears）thatevolutioncouldhaveproducedageneticleaningtowardsfireasacentralaspectofhumanlife.N） Books—especiallybookstheaveragepersoncouldafford—haven’tbeenaroundlongenoughtoproduceevolutionarychangeinhumans.Buttheyhaveapowerfulholdonmanypeoplenonetheless,aholdextendingfarbeyondtheirliterarycontent.Attheirbest,theyareworksofartandthereisatactile（触觉的）pleasureinbooksnecessarilylostine-bookversions.Theabilitytoquicklythumbthroughpagesisalsolost.Andaroomwithbooksinitinduces,atleastinsome,afeelingnotdissimilartothatofafireinthefireplaceonacoldwinter’snight.O） ForthesereasonsIthinkphysicalbookswillhavealongerexistenceasacommercialproductthansomecurrentlypredict.Likeswords,bookshavesymbolicpower.Likefireplaces,theyinduceasenseofcomfortandwarmth.And,perhaps,similartosails,theymakeausefulbackupforwhenthelightsgoout.46. Authorsstillpublishedinprintedversionswillbeconsideredimportantones.47. Somepeoplearestillinfavorofprintedbooksbecauseofthesenseoftouchtheycanprovide.48. Theradiobusinesshaschangedgreatlyandnowattractsmorelisteners.49. Contrarytomanypeople’spredictionofitsdeath,thefilmindustrysurvived.50. Remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinthebookbusiness.51. Oldtechnologysometimescontinuestoexistbecauseofitsreliability.52. Theincreaseofe-booksaleswillforcethebookbusinesstomakechangesnotseenforcenturies.53. Anewtechnologyisunlikelytotaketheplaceofanoldonewithoutaclearadvantage.54. Paperbacksofpopularliteraturearemorelikelytobereplacedbye-books.55. Ahousewithafireplacehasastrongerappealtobuyers.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn’taneither/orproposition（命题）,althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM（science,technology,engineering,maths）-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities（人文学科）andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica’seducationalsystematalllevels.Bothareasarecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,becomeinnovative（创新的）leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,it’snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem:“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed,accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreativelyandcommunicateeasily.Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthere’slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbecalledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight—pickedupfromscience,artsandtechnology—tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.56. Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest? A）STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationsociety. B）ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance. C）Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spirituallife. D）Highereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofsociety.57. Whatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor? A）Theirinterestinrelevantsubjects. C）Thequalityofeducationtoreceive. B）Theacademicvalueofthecourses. D）Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.58. Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheso-calledsoftsubjects? A）Theybenefitstudentsintheirfuturelife. B）Theybroadenstudents’rangeofinterests. C）Theyimprovestudents’communicationskills.D）Theyareessentialtostudents’healthygrowth.59. Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor? A）Thosewhohaveastrongsenseofresponsibility. B）Thosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems. C）Thosewhoarelikelytobecomeinnovativeleaders. D）Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation.60. Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents? A）Seizeopportunitiestotaptheirpotential. B）Trytotakeavarietyofpracticalcourses. C）Preparethemselvesfordifferentjoboptions. D）Adoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingproblems.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Energyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit,doesn’tit?Ifyouthinkso,you’renotalone,becauseenergyindependencehasbeenthedreamofAmericanpresidentsfordecades,andnevermoresothaninthepastfewyears,whenthemostrecentoilpriceshockhasbeenpartlyresponsibleforkickingoffthegreatrecession.“Energyindependence”anditsrhetorical（修辞的）companion“energysecurity”are,however,slipperyconceptsthatarerarelythoughtthrough.Whatisitwewantindependencefrom,exactly?Mostpeoplewouldprobablysaythattheywanttobeindependentfromimportedoil.Buttherearereasonsthatwebuyallthatoilfromelsewhere.Thefirstreasonisthatweneedittokeepoureconomyrunning.Yes,thereisatrickle（涓涓细流）ofbiofuel（生物燃料）available,andmoremaybecomeavailable,butmostbiofuelscauseeconomicwasteandenvironmentaldestruction.Second,Americanshavebasicallydecidedthattheydon’treallywanttoproducealltheirownoil.Theyvaluetheenvironmentalqualitytheypreserveovertheiroilimportsfromabroad.VastareasoftheUnitedStatesareoff-limitstooilexplorationandproductioninthenameofenvironmentalprotection.TowhatextentareAmericansreallywillingtoenduretheenvironmentalimpactsofdomesticenergyproductioninordertocutbackimports?Third,therearebenefitstotrade.Itallowsforeconomicefficiency,andwhenwebuythingsfromplacesthathavelowerproductioncoststhanwedo,webenefit.Andalthoughyoudon’treadaboutthismuch,theUnitedStatesisalsoalargeexporterofoilproducts,sellingabout2millionbarrelsofpetroleumproductsperdaytoabout90countries.ThereisnoquestionthattheUnitedStatesimportsagreatdealofenergyand,infact,reliesonthatsteadyflowtomaintainitseconomy.Whenthatflowisinterrupted,wefeelthepaininshortsuppliesandhigherprices.Atthesametime,wederivemassiveeconomicbenefitswhenwebuythemostaffordableenergyontheworldmarketandwhenweengageinenergytradearoundtheworld.61. WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutenergyindependenceforAmerica? A）Itsoundsveryattractive. C）Itwillbringoilpricesdown. B）Itensuresnationalsecurity. D）Ithaslongbeeneveryone’sdream.62. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofbiofuels? A）TheykeepAmerica’seconomyrunninghealthily. B）Th