2021-2022学年高一英语期末试题含解析

2021-2022学年高一英语期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Don't________themjustbecausetheyhaven'tbeenasrichasyou.A．lookup

B．lookdownuponC．lookback

D．lookforwardto参考答案：B[考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要因为他们不如你有钱就看不起他们。lookdownupon“蔑视；瞧不起”，符合题意。lookup查找，拜访；lookback回忆；lookforwardto期待，盼望。]2.Afterashort________,Igotmybagfromthethief’shandsuccessfully.A.exchange

B.explanation

C.encouragement

D.struggle参考答案：D3.MoYanwas

theNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,whichmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.rewarded

B.presented

C.awarded

D.gained参考答案：C4.Mr.Greenissaid________anexperimenttoprovetheefficiencyofthemethodwhenhewasyoung.A.tohavedone B.todo C.tobedoing D.tohavebeendoing参考答案：AA

考查不定式。besaidtodo“据说……”。句意：据说Mr.Green在年轻时已经做过实验，证明这种方式的有效性。根据语境可知，“doanexperiment”这个动作发生在“besaid”之前，故用动词不定式的完成形式。故选A。5.Peopleoftenhaveastrangefeelingwhen_______thepastlife,thinkingofthosetheyhaveleftbehind.A.lookingforwardto

B.lookingoutfor

C.lookingupto

D.lookingbackon参考答案：D6.Isyourheadachegetting________________?

No,it’sworse.

A.better

B.bad

C.less

D.well参考答案：A略7.Let’s_______theradio______andseewhat’swrongwithit!A.take;apart

B.tell;from

C.separate;from;

D.take;part参考答案：A8.Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?You______doanythingexcepttobewiththem.A.haveto

B.oughtto

C.don’thaveto

D.oughtn’tto参考答案：C9.TheEnglishteachertoldusthismorningthatwe_____anexamattheendofthismonth.A.willhave

B.wouldhave C.havehad

D.hadhad参考答案：B10.Thisdictionaryis_______tomytranslation,butthatoneis________.

A.agreathelp;ofnouse

B.veryhelpful;ofnoanyuse

C.greathelp;helpless

D.important;offewimportance参考答案：A略11.—I’mafraidIcan’tmeetmymother’sexpectationinthecomingexamination.

—_____.Thingsmaynotbeasbadasyouthink. A.Hurryup B.Wakeup C.Cheerup D.Shutup参考答案：C12._____yourdoctor’sadvice,inmyview,andeverythingwillbeOK.A.Follow

B.Followed

C.Following

D.Tofollow参考答案：A13.Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout，althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A．that

B．whatC．how D．whether参考答案：B[句意为：尽管大约2000名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。受itiscertain/uncertainthat...句型的影响，易误选that，但此句中空格处的词不但引导真正的主语从句，还要作从句的宾语，即bringabout的宾语，起双重作用，只能选择what。how与whether无论是词义还是担当的成分都不符合要求。]14.I’vereadallthebooks________yougaveme.A.who

B.whose

C.whom

D.that参考答案：D15.LadyCatherinewas____bythe_____newsthathernephewwouldmarryElizabeth.A.astonished;astonishing

B.astonishing;astonishingC.astonishing；astonished

D.astonished;astonished参考答案：A16.--IreallythoughtI’dwinthegame.--Oh,well,____,Bill.

A.youareright

B.betterlucknexttime

C.bestwishes

D.it’soutofquestion参考答案：B17.Thespeakerwasverygoodatdescribingfeelings.The__________ofhiswordsmovedeverylistener.A.power

B.quality

C.opinion

D.influence参考答案：A二、单词拼写51.He______(最终)rosetothepositionofvicepresident.52.Swimmingisb_______

inthelake.So,it’syourfaulttoswiminthelake.53.Hehaddifficultp_______hertogiveupthejob.54.

Likemany________(发现),atomicpowercanbeusedforbothgoodandevil.55.

Canyouimaginehow________（不舒适）itwaswhen7peoplesleptina3-personroom?56.

Hedidn’tdoenough_________(准备)forhisexam,andfailed.57.

Therailwaystationjustashortd_____fromheretotherestaurant.58.

Shegiveusan______(惊奇的)performance.59.

Idon’thaveanyparticularp______;Ilikeeverykindoffood.60.

Moreandmorepeoplelikej_____everymorning.参考答案：61.Theremaybemorepeople________(lose)today.62.Thesharkpushesyouwithitsnosetofindoutifyouarefit______________(eat).63.AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shehadafeelingthatshe______________(watch)byatallmaninadarkovercoat.64.___________(recognize)thesedetailswillhelpyouunderstandtheorderofevents.65.Thiscouldleadto40percentoftheworkforce___________(replace)in10-15years.66.Themanwhointroducedblindpeopleto_________(read)wasLouisBraille.67.Therichbusinessman__________(found)aschoolinthetownwherehewasbornandnameditafterhisfirstteacher.68.Youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthan____________(attack)byashark.69.Tomstillfeelshopefulaboutlifeashe_________(do)tenyearsago.70.Healwaysaskedchallengingquestionstoeveryonehemet,__________(upset)manypeopleinAthens.参考答案：61.lost

62.tobeeaten

63.wasbeingwatched

64.Recognizing

65.beingreplaced

66.reading

67.founded

68.beattacked

69.did

70.upsetting用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。61.lost考查过去分词。句意：今天可能会失去更多的人。Lost过去分词作定语修饰people。故填lost。62.tobeeaten考查动词不定式的被动形式。句意：鲨鱼用鼻子推你，看看你是否适合被吃掉。“适合做某事”befittodosomething，“被吃掉”用被动形式，故填tobeeaten。64.Recognizing考查动词ing形式。句意：察觉到这些细节将会帮助你理解事件的顺序。动词ing形式作主语，故填Recognizing。65.beingreplaced考查动词ing形式。句意：这可能导致40%的劳动力在10到15年内被替换。Leadtodoingsomething意为“导致做某事”，“劳动力被替换”用被动语态，故填beingreplaced。66.reading考查动词ing形式。句意：把盲人引入阅读的人是路易布莱叶。故填reading。67.founded考查一般过去时态。句意：这位富商在他出生的小镇上创办了一所学校，并以他的第一位老师的名字命名。由并列连词and后的动词named可以是过去的动作，用一般过去时态，故填founded。

68.beattacked考查固定搭配。句意：你被闪电击中的概率是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。Than连接并列成分，tobehit和beattacked，后者省略了不定式符合to。故填beattacked。69.did考查一般过去时态。句意：汤姆仍然对生活充满希望，就像他十年前一样。由时间状语tenyearsago可知是发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时态，故填did。70.upsetting考查动词ing形式。句意：他总是向他遇到的每个人提出挑战性的问题，这让雅典的很多人感到不安。点睛：用所给单词的正确形式完成句子，即要结合具体语境具体分析，选择适当的形式完成句子。又要注意词语的特殊用法，如第一个小题，lose经常用过去分词形式作定语，三、阅读理解20.Depression(抑郁)canbeadestructiveillness,plaguingmillionsofpeopleworldwidewithfeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,andfatigue.Despitenumerousantidepressantdrugs,asmanyasathirdofpatientsdon’trespondtomedication.Thishasforceddoctorstobemorecreativeinfindingdifferenttreatmentsforthecondition.Inthepasttwodecades,researchershavetieddepressiontoaseeminglyunrelatedcondition:inflammation(炎症),thebody’snaturalresponsetostress.Itcouldrisefrominjuryorinflection,orevenemotionalissueslikeanunhappymarriageorproblemsatwork.Someamountofinflammationisgenerallybeneficial,asitincreasesproductionofcytokines(致癌因子)，proteinsthathelpushealandprotectusfromtheeffectsofoverwork.Butexcessivecytokinelevels,andtheinflammationtheybringon,couldcomeatacost—anumberofstudiessuggeststhathighlevelsofcytokinescouldcontributetodepression.Cytokinescanreachthebrainseveralways:directlythroughtheblood-brainbarrierorindirectlybybindingtonervefiberselsewhere,whichsendsignalstothebraintoproducetheinflammationmolecules.Inthebrain,cytokinescandisturbtheproductionandreleaseofseveralimportantsignalingchemicals,includingserotonin,dopamineandglutamate,whichhelpcontrolemotion,appetite,sleep,learningandmemory.It’sthoughthatalackofserotoninactivityinthebraincausesdepression;mostantidepressantsincreasetheactivity.Butcytokinesalsohavebeenshowntoactivatestresshormonesignalinginthebrain,whichmanalsoservetodevelopdepression.Withalltheevidenceimplicatinginflammationindepression,doctorshavebeenanxioustotestanti-inflammatorydrugsasapotentialtreatment.Foursmallstudiespublishedbetween2006and2017byresearchgroupsinEuropeandIranfoundthatadultsdiagnosedwithdepressionwhotookaspirinoranotheranti-inflammatorydrugcalledCelecoxib,alongwithanantidepressant,gotmorerelieffromfeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,guiltandfatiguecomparedwiththosetakinganantidepressantalone.However,AndrewMiller,aprofessorofpsychiatryatEmoryUniversity,thoughtsomethingwaswronginthesesmall,limitedstudies.Noneofthemlookedatwhethertheparticipantshadtohavehighlevelsofcytokinesbeforethey’dseeabenefitfromanti-inflammatorydrugs.

“Unfortunately,muchofthefieldhasfallenintothetrapofviewinginflammationasthebe-all,end-all,”Millersays.Heandhiscolleagueswantedtoseewhethertheeffectofthesedrugswaslimitedtothedepressionpatientswithhighcytokinelevels,orifithelpedallpeoplediagnosedwithdepression.27.Whichofthefollowingillustratedhowdepressionisdeveloped?A.stress→overwork→inflammation→depressionB.inflammation→infection→stress→depressionC.cytokine→stress→infection→depressionD.infection→inflammation→cytokine→depression28.Theunderlinedword“excessive”inPara.3isclosestinmeaningto“________”A.intermediate B.overmuch C.mild D.appropriate29.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.depressionwillbeacurablediseaseforalongtimeB.onlyaspirincaneffectivelyhelprelievepeopleofmanyemotionalproblemsC.peoplewhoarehard–workingaremorelikelytogetdepressionD.wehavealongwaytogobeforedepressioncanbesatisfyingtreated30.Whichofthefollowingshowstherightstructureofthepassage?(①—⑤representPara1—5)A. B. C. D.参考答案：27.D

28.B

29.D

30.D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了抑郁症的形成过程以及科学家们对治疗抑郁症的药物的研究。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二、三段的介绍可知，感染导致炎症，而炎症产生致癌因子，而过量的致癌因子导致抑郁症，故D项正确。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“cytokinelevels,andtheinflammationtheybringon,couldcomeatacost—anumberofstudiessuggeststhathighlevelsofcytokinescouldcontributetodepression.”可知，但是致癌因子水平过高，以及由此引发的炎症，可能以一定的代价出现，研究表明致癌因子水平过高可能会导致抑郁症，由此可知画线词词义为“过量的、过多的”，故B项正确。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，特别是“Heandhiscolleagueswantedtoseewhethertheeffectofthesedrugswaslimitedtothedepressionpatientswithhighcytokinelevels,orifithelpedallpeoplediagnosedwithdepression.”可知，AndrewMiller教授和他的同事们想知道这些药物的效果是否仅限于致癌因子水平高的抑郁症患者或是否对所有被诊断为抑郁症的人都有帮助，由此可知，在抑郁症得到满意的治疗之前还有很长的路要走（很多工作要做），故D项正确。【30题详解】篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段为总论，指出抑郁症是一种非常可怕的疾病，很多患者对治疗抑郁症的药物都没有反应，第二、三段介绍了为抑郁症的形成过程，第四段介绍了致癌因子通过几种途径到达大脑，第五段介绍了科学家们研究治疗抑郁症的药物，故D项正确。【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第2题，根据画线词后的“cytokinelevels,andtheinflammationtheybringon,couldcomeatacost—anumberofstudiessuggeststhathighlevelsofcytokinescouldcontributetodepression.”可知，致癌因子水平过高，以及由此引发的炎症，可能以一定的代价出现，研究表明致癌因子水平过高可能会导致抑郁症，特别是根据high一词可知，画线词词义为“过量的、过多的”。21.CHICAGO--BillClinton'seagerlyawaitedmemoir(自传),MyLife,willbepublishedthisJune,andissuretoignite（点燃）afirestormofinterestinanalreadypoliticallychargedelectionyear.BillClintonsaidthatmostpresidentialmemoirsarethoughttobe"dullandself-serving,butIhopemineisinterestingandself-serving.”MyLife,whichisbeingpublishedbyKnopfandwillsellfor$35,isexpectedbymanyindustrywatcherstorisetothetopofthebest-sellerlists.ClintonsaidthebooktellsthestoryofhislifefromhisbirthandchildhoodinArkansastohisyearsintheWhiteHouse.Fromthebookreaderscanhavealookathissuccessesandsetbacks.Hetellsthestory“asithappenstome,soyouseewhatit'sliketobepresident...toseehoweverythinghappensatonce.”WithoutofferingspecificsormentioningMonicaLewinsky,Clintonsaid,"Idon'tsparemyself"inthebook."Ihavenoideaifthisisagreatbook,"hesaid,"butit'saprettygoodstory."Clintonwasreportedlypaidanadvanceof$10millionforthebook,whichwassupposedtobedoneayearago."Theminutet