专业英语四级(听力)模拟试卷357(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷357(题后含答案及解析)题型有：2.LISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONATALKInthissectionyouwillhearatalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Whilelistening,youmaylookatANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.听力原文：CorporateCrimeSofar,intheselectures,we’vebeenlookingatcrimeslikerobberyandmurder—bothfromahistoricalviewpointandalsoincontemporarysociety—andwe’veseenthatthepreoccupationinWesternsocietywithcrimeandwithlawlessnessispartofalongandcontinuoustradition,ratherthansomethingwhichisnewanduniquetomodernsociety.Butoverthepastseventyyearsorso,[1]therehasbeenamassiveincreaseinonetypeofcrime,whichiswhat’sknownas“corporatecrime”.Corporatecrimeiscrimewhich,asthenamesuggests,isconnectedwithcompanies,withbusinessorganisations.[2]Ithasbeenrelativelyignoredbythemassmedia—forexample,ittendstobeunder-reportedincomparisonwithconventionalcrimeinnewsbroadcasts,andincrimeserialsandfilmsandsoon—theyveryrarelydealwithcorporatecrime.[3]Anditalsotendstobeignoredinacademiccircles—there’sbeenfarmoreresearchonconventionalcrimeandfarmoredataisavailable.Thereareseveralreasonsforthislackofinterestincorporatecrime,comparedwithothertypesofcrime.It’softenverycomplex,whereaswithconventionalcrime[4]it’susuallypossibletofollowwhat’sgoingonwithoutspecialistknowledge.Aswellasthis,[5]whereasconventionalcrimeusuallyhasalotofhumaninterest,corporatecrimeoftenhasmuchless.Thethirdreason,andpossiblythemostsignificantone,[6]isthatveryoftenthevictimsareunaware—theythinktheirmisfortuneisanaccidentorthatit’sthefaultofno-oneinparticular.They’reunawarethatthey’vebeenvictimsofacrime.So,whenwelookattheeffectsofcorporatecrimewemayfindit’sverydifficulttoassessthecosts.Butthesecostscanbeveryconsiderableinboththeireconomicandsocialaspects.Let’slookattheeconomiccostsfirst.Forexample,ifacompanyisproducingfruitjuiceanditdilutesitsproductsothatit’sjustalittlebelowtheconcentrationitshouldbe,manymillionsofpeoplemaybepayingasmallamountextrafortheircartonoforangejuice.[7]Nowsmallamountslikethismayseeminsignificantforindividualcustomers—toosmalltoworryabout—butforthecompanythisdeceptionmight[8]resultinmassiveillegalprofit.However,allstudiesofcorporatecrimeagreethat[9]theindividualsareinfactdeprivedoffarmoremoneybysuchcrimethantheyarebyconventionalcrimelikerobberyandtheft.Inadditiontothis,wehavetoconsiderthesocialcostsofcorporatecrimeandtheseareagainverydifficult

toassess,buttheyareconsiderable.They’reimportantbecausetheycanunderminethefaithofthepublicinthebusinessworldandalso,moreimportantly,becausethemaingroupofpeopletheyaffectare,infact,[10]nottherichersectionsofsocietybutthepoorer—soherecompaniesarerobbingthepoortobenefittherich.CorporateCrimeOverdecadesofyears,corporatecrimehasbeen【T1】______increasedCorporatecrimehasbeenignoredby:a)the【T2】______e.g.newsbroadcasts,crimeserialsb)【T3】______Reasonsforbeingignored:a)oftenmorecomplex,andneeding【T4】______b)less【T5】______thanconventionalcrimec)victimsoften【T6】______Effects:a)Economiccostsmayappearunimportantto【T7】______canmakelarge【T8】______forcompanycausemore【T9】______toindividualsthanconventionalcrimesb)Socialcostsmakepeoplelosetrustinbusinessworldaffect【T10】______most1．【T1】正确答案：massively解析：录音提到，在过去约70年间，有一种犯罪大量增长，即“单位犯罪”。空格后是动词increased，故需把形容词massive“大规模的”改成副词massively，或者用近义词sharply，fast等替换。2．【T2】正确答案：massmedia解析：空格要求填入单位犯罪被谁忽略了。根据空格后的例子可知该词应能概括newsbroadcasts“新闻广播”和crimeserials“犯罪连续剧”。录音提到，单位犯罪一直被大众媒体(massmedia)忽略，故答案为massmedia。3．【T3】正确答案：academiccircles解析：空格与上一题并列，因而填入beenignoredby的宾语。录音提到，单位犯罪也往往被学术圈(academiccircles)忽视，故填入academiccircles。4．【T4】正确答案：specialistknowledge解析：空格与单位犯罪被忽视的原因相关，由空格前的needing可知应填入名词性成分作宾语。录音提到，单位犯罪被忽视的原因非常复杂，而传统犯罪即使没有专业知识，通常也可以跟进。由此可知单位犯罪的跟进需要专业知识，故填入specialistknowledge。5．【T5】

正确答案：humaninterest解析：空格与第四题并列，也与单位犯罪被忽视的原因相关。录音提到，传统犯罪通常能引起人们的极大兴趣，而单位犯罪很少引起人们的兴趣，空格前是less，故填入humaninterest。6．【T6】正确答案：unaware解析：空格要求填入第三个原因，与victims“受害者”相关。录音提到，第三个原因可能是最重要的，即受害者常常没有意识到，他们觉得自己的不幸是意外，或者并不是具体某位人员的错误，他们没有意识到自己是犯罪的受害者。由此可知空格应填入形容词unaware“未意识到的”。7．【T7】正确答案：individualcustomers解析：题目与单位犯罪造成的经济损失相关。讲座列举果汁生产公司偷工减料的案例，提到稀释一点点并不会被注意到，成千上万的人可能会为多付此一点钱。这一点点对个体消费者(individuaclustomers)可能并不重要。空格前的unimporta“nt不重要的insignificant的同义词，因为individualcustomers。”是录音此答案8．【T8】正确答案：illegalprofit解析：录音提到，一点点对个体消费者可能并不重要，但对公司来说，这种欺骗会带来高额的非法利润(resultinmassiveillegalprofit)。空格前的large同义替换了录音的massive，因此要填入illegalprofit。9．【T9】正确答案：moneylosses／losses对单位犯罪的所有研究都认为，这种犯罪比抢劫和偷盗的传统犯罪夺取了个人更多的钱财(farmoremoney)。因此可知给个人带来的是更多的金钱损失，故填入moneylosses或losses。解析：录音提到，10．【T10】正确答案：thepoorer／poorerpeople本题要求填入单位犯罪所造成的两个后果，其一是破坏了商业社会中的公众信任；其二影响的主要人而是更穷的人。空格在affect之后，应填入名词性成分作宾语。故答案或poorerpeople。解析：社会损失。录音提到群不是社会相对富裕的人，为thepoorer

听力原文：TheFairnessofCollegeEntranceExamsI’mAnneBall.Todaywewilltalkaboutthefairnessofcollegeentranceexams.TheSATandACTarethetwomajorcollegeentrancetestsintheUnitedStates.[1]Foryears,collegeshaveusedtheseteststohelpmeasureanapplicant’sacademicskills.ButagrowingnumberofAmericanuniversitiesaredroppingtheentranceexamrequirement.[2]Morethan800universitiesnowallowstudentstoapplywithoutanSATorACTtestscore.Moreuniversitiesarebecoming“testoptional.”Studentswhoapplytotest-optionalschoolscanchoosewhethertheywanttoincludetestscoresintheirapplications.EachofAmerica’smorethan3,000collegesanduniversitieshasitsownadmissionrequirements.Atsomecolleges,testscoresareveryimportant.[3]Othersaremoreinterestedinanapplicant’slifeexperience,teacherrecommendations,communityservices,andtalents.[4]HighschoolGPA,orgradepointaverage,isanotherwaytojudgeastudent’sability.AGPAof3.5orhigher(onscalefrom0to4)isconsideredgood.[5]Forinternationalapplicants,universitieshavespecialistsreviewtheacademicstandardsofdifferentcountriesandconvertthemtoGPAequivalents.JenniferTkaczistheDirectorofInternationalAdmissionsatGeorgeMasonUniversity.Itisthelargesttest-optionaluniversityintheUnitedStates.Sheexplainswhytheschoolwenttest-optionalin2006.[6]“Theuniversityadministrationfeltthatformanystudents,theirtestscoresaren’tnecessarilyareflectionoftheiracademicstrengthandtheGPAisamuchbetterindicator.”Ms.Tkaczsayshighschoolperformancesaysmoreaboutastudent’spotentialthanatestscore.CherylO’BrienownsatestpreparationcompanyinNewYork.[7]Shesayswealthystudentshaveamajoradvantageoncollegeentrancetests.Theycanspendmonthsorevenyearspreparingforthetestwithprivateteachers.Butself-study,evenforhighlymotivatedstudents,isnotthesame.[8]Ms.O’Brienexplains:“It’snevergoingtobeasgoodasworkingwithsomebodywhenyoucanhavefeedback.Booksdon’ttalkbacktoyou.Booksdon’texplaintoyouwhat’sgoingonandhowtounderstandsomething.”A2010studyintheHarvardEducationalReviewarguedthattheSATusedvocabularythatwasmorefamiliartowhitetesttakers.[9]ThestudysaidthattheSAT“appearstobebiasedagainsttheAfrican-Americanminoritygroup.”RyanLessingisastudentatBrownUniversity,ahighlyselectiveschoolthatrequiresatestscore.HesaystheSATisnotperfect,butitservesanimportantpurpose.“WhattheSATsprovideisarelativelyneutralbenchmark...Therigorofcourseworkisnotthesameacrossschools.Theactivitiesavailablearenotthesameacrossschools...[10]TheSATprovidessomebenchmark,whichisatleastrelativelyconsistentamongapplicants.”Mr.LessingsaystheSATisnotthecauseofeducationalinequality.HesaysthedifferenceintestscoresjustreflectsthedeepinequalityinAmericansociety.TheFairnessofCollegeEntranceExamsI.SATandACT:majorteststomeasureapplicants’【T1】______II.Tendencytodropadmissionrequirements-Morethan【T2】______universitiesrequirenoSATorACTtestscore-Moreandmoreuniversitiesbecometest-optional-Others:caremoreaboutanapplicant’slifeexperience,【T3】______,communityservicesandtalents.III.GPA:anotherwaytojudgeapplicants’【T4】______Internationalapplicants:converttoGPA【T5】

______Itisabetter【T6】______ofacademicstrengthIV.ViewsaboutthefairnessofSAT-CherylO’Brienbelieves:a)【T7】______studentshaveaadvantageontestsb)Selfstudy:no【T8】______-A2010study:SATwas【T9】______certainminoritygroup-RyanLessing,astudentatBrownUniversity:Itisabenchmark【T10】______amongapplicants,notthecauseofeducationalinequality11．【T1】正确答案：academicskills解析：本题考查SAT和ACT相关内容，不定式tomeasure…表明考查的是这两项考试的目的。讲话人在开始提