英语划分句子成分精讲和考试题doc成品

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子句子从目的上分：1.陈述句2疑问句1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句3．祈使句4．感叹句句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句（并列复合句）3．复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：（1）主从(2)宾从(3)表从(4)同从2）形容词性从句定从（限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3)副词性从句（状从）简单句的五种基本句型五种句子的基本结构，

主谓

主谓宾

主系表

主谓双宾语（间宾直宾）主谓复合宾语（宾+宾补）

主语（subject）:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）

Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

WestudyEnglish.

Helikesplayingthegames.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whomD.book表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

Heisateacher.

（名词）

Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）

Heisasleep.

（形容词）

Hisfatherisin.

（副词）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介词短语)

Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容词化的分词）

Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）

Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.

（表语从句）

（常见的系动词有:befeel(摸起来,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,smell（闻起来）

keep,stay,remain（保持，仍是）get,become,turnfeel（感觉）...

Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.

Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.

Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.

Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.

(三)挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾

IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）

Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

（动名词）

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"

reallyis.

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名词）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）

Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.

(副词)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）

Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）

Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）

主补：对主语的补充。

Hewaselectedmonitor.

Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词作定语：AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）

Heisourfriend.（代词）

Webelongtothethirdworld.

（数词）

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）

Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)

TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.

（现在分词）

Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）

Ihaveanideatodoitwell.

（不定式）

YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.

（定语从句）

(六)挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）①Theyuse

Mr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose.（注意，此句onhisnose不可省略！）副词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapenverymuch./（程度状语）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）

介词短语作状语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词（短语）作状语：Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）

不定式作状语：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语：Comethisway!/走这条路！（方向状语）

状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

(七)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.划分句子成分练习二1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1Youshouldstudyhard.2Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋主语补语）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.3MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）1MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.复合宾语结构（主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.11Everymorningweh