高级英语1修辞总结文档

高级英语1修辞总结文档高级英语1修辞总结文档高级英语1修辞总结文档Lesson1MiddleEasternBazaar1.Onomatopoeia:istheformationofwordsinimitationofthesoundsassociatedwiththethingconcerned.e.g.1)tinklingbells(Para.1)Asyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpingeonyourear.(Para.5)thesqueakingandrumbling(Para.9)Metaphor:istheuseofawordorphrasewhichdescribesonethingbystatinganothercomparablethingwithoutusing“as”or“like”.e.g.1)inthemazeofvaultedstreetswhichhoneycombthisbazaar(Para.7)Itgrowslouderandmoredistinct,untilyouroundacornerandseeafairylandofdancingflashes,(Para.5)alliteration:istheuseofseveralwordsincloseproximitybeginningwiththesameletterorletters.e.g.1)threadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeople(Para.1)Hyperbole:istheuseofaformofwordstomakesthsoundbig,small,loudandsoonbysayingthatitislikesomethingevenbigger,smaller,louder,etc.e.g.andsothickwiththedustofcenturiesthat(Para.8)afloodofglisteninglinseedoil(Para.9)5Contrast:e.g.1)atinyapprenticeblowsabigcharcoalfirewithahugeleatherbellows(Para.5)2)whichtowerstothevaultedceilinganddwarfsthecamelsandtheirstonewheels.(Para.5)Personification:afigureofspeechinwhichinanimateobjectsareendowedwithhumanqualitiesorarerepresentedaspossessinghumanform.e.g.1)wherecamelsliedisdainfullychewingtheirhay,(Para.7)Itgrowslouderandmoredistinct,untilyouroundacornerandseeafairylandofdancingflashes,astheburnishedcoppercatchesthelightof(Para.5)Lesson2FiguresofspeechMetaphor:1).Andsecondly,becauseIhadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughtsonmymindthathadlittletodowithanythinginNipponrailwaysofficialmightsay.(Para.12)Atlasttheintermezzocametoanendand(Para.5)Synecdoche:提喻Afigureofspeechinwhichapartisusedforthewhole(ahandforsailor),thewholeforapart(asthelawforpoliceofficer),thespecificforthegeneral(ascutthroatforassassin),thegeneralforthespecific(asthiefforpickpocket),orthematerialforthethingfromwhichitismade(assteelforsword).举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特别代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特别（如用贼代表小偷），或用原资料代表用该资料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）e.g.TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(Para.7)littleoldJapan:traditionalJapanesehousesMetonymy:换喻Afigureofspeechinwhichonewordorphraseissubstitutedforanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated,asintheuseof“Washington”for“theUnitedStatesgovernment”orof“thesword”for“militarypower”.换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有亲密联系的词或词组代替的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(Para.7)thekimonoandtheminiskirt:theJapanesecultureandthewesterncultureIrony：反语Theuseofwordstoexpresssomethingdifferentfromandoftenoppositetotheirliteralmeaningtoachievethehumorousandironiceffect.反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到风趣和嘲讽的收效。e.g.Hiroshima—the“liveliest”CityinJapanThiswayIlookatthemandcongratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtme.(P.17)Climax:层进法Aseriesofstatementsorideasinanascendingorderofrhetoricalforceorintensity.层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法Anti-climax:渐降Anti-climax,asusedinthetext,statesone’sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensityfromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolight.Ithasachievedahumorousorsurprisedorevenasarcasticeffectwhenthemayorwasintroducinghiscitytothevisitors,whowereexpectinghisanswertohavesomethingtodowiththeatombomb,butwhoironicallyheard“oysters”intheend.2渐降表述见解的方式是使意义强烈的语言依照步步降低的语气次序排列，语势由强而弱，语气由重到轻，有此达到耻笑、嘲讽或是喜剧的收效。e.g.“seldomhasacitygainedsuchworldrenown,andIamproudandhappytowelcomeyoutoHiroshima,atownknownthroughouttheworldforits—oysters.”(p.15)Lesson4EverydayUse—foryourgrandmamaHyperboleAndshestopsandtriestodigawellinthesandwithhertoe.(Para.18)simile1)thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlye.(Para.15)2)“Mama,”Wangerosaidsweetasabird.“canIhavetheseoldquilts?”(Para.56)Maggie’shandisaslimpasafish,(Para.23)Lesson5SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.1.RhetoricalquestionInterrogationasksaquestionnotinordertoobtainananswer,butforthepurposeofmakinganassertioninastrikingandlivelyway.E.g.butcanyoudoubtwhatourpolicywillbe?(Para.10)2.parallelstructureandrepetition1)WewillneverparleyWewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang(Para.10)weshallfighthimbylandweshallfighthimbyseaweshallfighthimintheair.(Para.10)IseetheRussiansoldiersstandingIseethemguardingIseethetenthousandvillagesseeadvancingupon(Para.8)RepetitionTherepeateduseofthesamesynonymouswords,toaddforce,clearnessorbalancetoasentenceWehavebutoneaimandonesingle,irrevocablepurpose.(Para.10)Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate(Para.10)asweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastlytotheend.(Para.10)Weshallbestrengthenedandnotweakenedindeterminationandinresources.(Prar.311)Hehassolongthrivedandprospered.(Para.12)4.simileIseealsothedullGermansoldierscrawlinglocusts.(p79-80)5.metaphorIsupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes.(Para.1)delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey(theRussiansoldiers).(Para.8)andlaunchthiscataractofhorrorsamongmankind.(Para.9)wehaveridtheearthofhisshadow(influence)andliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke(control).(Para.10)6.alliteration1)Ialsoseethedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldieryploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.(Para.8)Hearthandhome(Para.13))Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.(Para.13)7.PersonificationIseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,stillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping,delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey.(Para.8)8.hyperboleIfHitlerinvadedHellIwouldmakeatleastafavourablereferencetotheDevilintheHouseofCommons.(Hitlerismuchevilerthanthedevil.)((Para.5))9.antithesisAnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.(Para.10)Lesson6BlackmailMetaphorHiswifeshothimaswift,warningglance.(Para.8)TheDuchesskeptfirmtightreinonherracingmind.(Para.75)Eyesrivetedonhisface,(Para.97)Hervoicewasawhiplash.Eyesboredintohim.(Para.99)Unit9MarkTwain—MirrorofAmericaV.Rhetoricaldevices41.Simile:e.g.1)Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,languagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic.(Para.4)2.Metaphore.g.1)MarkTwain---MirrorofAmerica2)sawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight...(Para.1)3)mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart(Para.3)4)Thecastofcharacterssetbeorehiminhisnewprofessonwasrichandvaried—acosmos.(Para.4)5)Steamboatdecksteemed...maincurrentof...butitsflotsam(Para.5)6)...theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever...(Para.7)7