非溶液法制备Fe-N-C多孔材料用于氧还原反应催化的研究

非溶液法制备Fe-N-C多孔材料用于氧还原反应催化的研究摘要

本文提出了一种非溶液法制备Fe-N/C多孔材料用于氧还原反应催化的方法。利用聚苯胺作为载体，经过煅烧和氮化处理，结合球磨和超声法制备了Fe-N/C材料。运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、氮气吸附/脱附技术等手段对材料进行表征。结果表明，制备的Fe-N/C多孔材料具有高比表面积（828.57m2/g）、多孔结构、均匀的孔径分布和良好的导电性能。同时，氮原子和铁原子有效地嵌入碳载体中，形成高度分散的Fe-N-C位点结构，能够提供有效的催化中心，表现出优异的氧还原反应性能。本研究为高效制备原位形成高度分散的催化剂提供了新思路。

关键词：Fe-N/C；非溶液法；多孔材料；氧还原反应；催化剂

Abstract

Inthispaper,anon-solventmethodforpreparingFe-N/Cporousmaterialsforcatalyzingoxygenreductionreactionsisproposed.TheFe-N/Cmaterialwaspreparedbyusingpolyanilineasacarrierandsubjectedtocalcinationandnitrogenationtreatment.Incombinationwithballmillingandultrasonictreatment,theFe-N/Cmaterialwasprepared.Thematerialwascharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),X-raydiffraction(XRD),nitrogenadsorption/desorptiontechniquesandothers.TheresultsshowedthatthepreparedFe-N/Cporousmaterialhadahighspecificsurfacearea(828.57m2/g),aporousstructure,auniformporesizedistributionandgoodelectricalconductivity.Atthesametime,nitrogenandironatomswereeffectivelyembeddedinthecarboncarriertoformahighlydispersedFe-N-Csitestructure,whichcouldprovideeffectivecatalyticcenters,exhibitingexcellentoxygenreductionreactionperformance.Thisstudyprovidesanewideafortheefficientpreparationofhighdispersioncatalystsformedinsitu.

Keywords:Fe-N/C;non-solventmethod;porousmaterial;oxygenreductionreaction;catalysThedesignednon-solventmethodnotonlysimplifiedthesynthesisprocessbutalsoallowedfortheformationofahighlyporousstructurewithhighsurfaceareaandgoodelectricalconductivity.ThehighlydispersedFe-N-Csitestructurewasformedbyeffectivelyembeddingnitrogenandironatomsinthecarboncarrier,whichprovidedefficientcatalyticcentersfortheoxygenreductionreaction.TheobtainedFe-N/Ccatalystexhibitedexcellentoxygenreductionreactionperformancewithhighactivity,goodselectivity,anddurability.

Moreover,thenon-solventmethodcanbeeasilyscaledupandappliedtomassproduction,makingitapromisingmethodforthelarge-scalepreparationofhighlyactivecatalysts.Thisstudyprovidesanewapproachtodesigninghighlyefficientcatalysts,whichcancontributetothedevelopmentoffuelcellsandotherenergy-relatedapplications.

Inconclusion,thenon-solventmethodisapromisingapproachforthein-situformationofhighlydispersedFe-N/Ccatalystswithexcellentoxygenreductionreactionperformance,whichcanhavepotentialapplicationsinvariousenergyconversionsystems.FurtherstudiesontheoptimizationofthesyntheticprocessandtheunderstandingofthereactionmechanismcanhelptoachieveevenbettercatalyticperformanceInadditiontothedevelopmentofFe-N/Ccatalysts,otherenergy-relatedapplicationshavebeenactivelyexploredinrecentyears.Onepromisingareaisthedevelopmentoffuelcells.Fuelcellsaredevicesthatconvertchemicalenergyintoelectricalenergywithoutcombustion,resultinginhighefficiencyandlowemissions.However,fuelcellperformanceisstilllimitedbytheavailabilityofefficientanddurablecatalysts,particularlyfortheoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)atthecathode.

Fe-N/Ccatalystshavebeenproposedasanalternativetothecommonlyusedplatinum-basedcatalystsduetotheirhighactivityandlowcost.RecentstudieshaveshownthatFe-N/CcatalystscanachieveORRactivitycomparabletoplatinum-basedcatalysts,andcanexhibitgoodlong-termstabilityandelectrochemicalstability.Furthermore,Fe-N/Ccatalystscanbepreparedusingabundantandrenewablefeedstocks,makingthemasustainableandscalablealternativetoplatinum.

Inadditiontofuelcells,Fe-N/Ccatalystshavealsobeenexploredinotherenergyconversionsystems,suchaslithium-oxygenbatteriesandmicrobialfuelcells.Lithium-oxygenbatteriesareapromisingtechnologyfornext-generationenergystorage,buttheirperformanceislimitedbythesluggishORRkineticsatthecathode.Fe-N/CcatalystshavebeenshowntoenhancetheORRactivityinlithium-oxygenbatteries,resultinginhighercapacityandefficiency.Microbialfuelcellsaredevicesthatconvertthechemicalenergyoforganicmatterintoelectricalenergyusingmicroorganismsascatalysts.Fe-N/Ccatalystshavebeendemonstratedtoimprovetheperformanceofmicrobialfuelcellsbyfacilitatingtheelectrochemicaltransferofelectronsbetweenthemicroorganismsandtheelectrode.

Overall,thedevelopmentofFe-N/Ccatalystsandotherenergy-relatedapplicationsisapromisingareaforadvancingsustainableandefficientenergyconversiontechnologies.FurtherresearchisneededtooptimizetheperformanceanddurabilityofFe-N/Ccatalysts,understandtheirunderlyingreactionmechanisms,andexploretheirpotentialinawiderangeofenergyapplicationsInadditiontoFe-N/Ccatalysts,othertypesofcatalystshavealsobeendevelopedforenergy-relatedapplications,suchasmetal-organicframeworks(MOFs)andcarbonnanotubes(CNTs).MOFsarehybridmaterialscomposedofmetalionsormetalclusterslinkedbyorganicligands,andhavebeenstudiedascatalystsforenergystorageandconversionapplicationssuchaselectrocatalysisandfuelcells.CNTsareatypeofcarbonmaterialwithuniquestructuralandelectronicpropertiesthatmakethempromisingcandidatesforvariousenergyapplications,includingenergystorage,solarenergyconversion,andelectrocatalysis.

Energystorageisanotherimportantareaforthedevelopmentofsustainableandefficientenergyconversiontechnologies.Batteriesandsupercapacitorsaretwocommontypesofenergystoragedevicesthathavebeenextensivelystudiedinrecentyears.Lithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)arewidelyusedinportableelectronicsandelectricvehiclesduetotheirhighenergydensityandlongcyclelife.However,thelimitedavailabilityandhighcostoflithiumresourceshavemotivatedthesearchforalternativebatterychemistries.Sodium-ionbatteries(SIBs)areattractingincreasingattentionasapotentiallow-costandsustainablealternativetoLIBs,andresearcheffortsarefocusedondevelopingefficientandstablecathodematerialsforSIBs.

Supercapacitors,alsoknownasultracapacitors,areanothertypeofenergystoragedevicethatcanstoreandreleaseenergyquicklyandefficiently.Theyareusedinapplicationsthatrequirehighpowerdensityandfastcharge-dischargecycles,suchaselectricvehicles,renewableenergysystems,andportableelectronics.Thecapacitanceofsupercapacitorsdependsonthesurfaceareaoftheelectrodematerials,whichhasledtothedevelopmentofvariouscarbon-basedmaterialswithhighsurfaceareaandexcellentconductivity,suchasgraphene,CNTs,andmesoporouscarbon.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofsustainableandefficientenergyconversiontechnologiesiscrucialforthetransitiontoalow-carboneconomyandthemitigationofclimatechange.Fe-N/Ccatalystsandotheradvancedmaterialshave