油酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能研究

油酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能研究Title:AStudyonFrictionandWearPerformanceofGCr15SteelunderLubricationofOleicAcidModifiedTiO2NanoparticlesAqueousSolution

Abstract：Inthisstudy,oleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionwasappliedaslubricanttoinvestigatethefrictionandwearperformanceofGCr15steel.Thetribologicalbehaviorwasevaluatedusingareciprocatingfrictionandweartester.ResultsshowthatthemodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionexhibitedaremarkableanti-wearandfriction-reducingeffectonGCr15steel.Thewornsurfacemorphologywasobservedunderscanningelectronmicroscope,whichindicatedthatthewearmechanismwasmainlyattributedtoabrasivewearandoxidationwear.

Introduction：GCr15steeliswidelyusedinindustrialapplications,andfrictionandwearareinevitableinitsservice.Thetraditionallubricantsoftencontaintoxicandharmfulsubstances,whichlimittheirfurtherapplication.Recently,theapplicationofnanoparticlesaslubricantadditiveshasattractedmuchattentionduetotheiruniquephysicochemicalproperties.TiO2nanoparticlesareregardedaspromisinglubricantadditives,buttheirdispersionandstabilityinaqueoussolutionneedtobeimproved.ThemodificationofTiO2nanoparticleswitholeicacidhasbeenprovedtobeaneffectivemethodtoobtainstableaqueoussolutions.

ExperimentalProcedures：Inthisstudy,theoleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionwaspreparedbythesol-gelmethod.ThemorphologyandstructureofthenanoparticleswerecharacterizedusingtransmissionelectronmicroscopyandX-raydiffraction.TheaqueoussolutionwasappliedaslubricantinareciprocatingfrictionandweartestertoevaluatethetribologicalperformanceofGCr15steel.Thefrictioncoefficientandwearratewererecorded,andthewornsurfacemorphologywasobservedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy.

ResultsandDiscussion：TheoleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionexhibitedaremarkableanti-wearandfriction-reducingeffectonGCr15steel.Thefrictioncoefficientdecreasedbynearly50%comparedtothedryslidingcondition,andthewearratewasreducedbyabout90%.Thestableaqueoussolutioncouldprovideacontinuouslubricatingfilmonthecontactsurface,whichprotectedthesteelfromdirectcontactandreducedthefrictionandwear.Inaddition,themodifiednanoparticlescouldalsofilltheweargroovesandreducetheabrasivewear.Thewornsurfacemorphologyshowedthatthewearmechanismwasmainlyattributedtoabrasivewearandoxidationwear.

Conclusion：Inthisstudy,oleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionwasappliedaslubricanttoinvestigatethefrictionandwearperformanceofGCr15steel.Theresultsdemonstratedthatthemodifiednanoparticlescouldsignificantlyreducethefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofthesteel,andthestableaqueoussolutionshowedexcellentmechanicalstabilityandlubricatingperformance.Therefore,oleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutioncouldbeapotentialenvironmentallyfriendlylubricantforindustrialapplications.FurtheranalysisoftheexperimentalresultsshowedthattheconcentrationofthemodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionhadasignificanteffectonthefrictionandwearperformanceofGCr15steel.Theoptimumconcentrationwasfoundtobe0.2%,wherethefrictioncoefficientandwearratewerethelowest.Thiscouldbeattributedtothefactthattoolowortoohighconcentrationwouldnotformacontinuousandstablelubricatingfilmonthecontactsurface,butresultindryrubbingoragglomerationofthenanoparticles.

Moreover,theeffectofslidingspeedonthetribologicalbehaviorofthesteellubricatedwiththemodifiednanoparticlesaqueoussolutionwasalsoinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatthefrictioncoefficientincreasedwiththeincreasingslidingspeed,whilethewearratefollowedanon-lineartrendwiththeslidingspeed.Thisindicatedthatthewearmechanismwasaffectedbymultiplefactorsunderdifferentslidingspeeds,includingmechanicalwear,chemicalreactions,andthermaleffect.

Inaddition,thesurfaceroughnessofthewornsteelsurfacewasalsoanalyzed,anditwasfoundthattheroughnesswassignificantlyreducedonthesurfacelubricatedwiththemodifiednanoparticlesaqueoussolution.Thenanoparticlescouldfillthemicro-groovesandreducethesurfaceroughness,whichwasbeneficialtoreducethefrictionandwear.

Inconclusion,theoleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionshowedexcellentlubricatingperformanceforGCr15steel.Thestableandenvironmentallyfriendlyaqueoussolutioncouldreducethefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofthesteelbyformingacontinuousandstablelubricatingfilmonthecontactsurface.Thesuitableconcentrationandslidingspeedcouldfurtheroptimizethetribologicalperformanceofthesteellubricatedwiththemodifiednanoparticlesaqueoussolution.Furthermore,thesizeandmorphologyofthemodifiedTiO2nanoparticleswerealsofoundtohaveanimpactonthetribologicalbehaviorofthesteel.Itwasobservedthatnanoparticleswithasmallersizeandmoreuniformshapeexhibitedbetterlubricatingperformancethanthosewithalargersizeandirregularshape.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythefactthatthesmallerandmoreuniformnanoparticleshadmoreactivesitesforadsorptionandreactedbetterwiththesteelsurface.

Additionally,theeffectofpHvalueonthetribologicalbehaviorofthesteellubricatedwiththemodifiednanoparticlesaqueoussolutionwasinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthatthepHvaluehadasignificanteffectonthelubricatingperformanceofthesolution.TheoptimumpHvaluewasfoundtobe8,wherethefrictioncoefficientandwearratewerethelowest.ThiscouldbeattributedtothefactthatatthispHvalue,theparticleswerestabilizedandpreventedfromagglomeration.

Moreover,themodifiednanoparticlesaqueoussolutionwasfoundtohaveacertainanti-corrosionability.Themodificationwitholeicacidimprovedthedispersibilityandstabilityofthenanoparticlesinthesolution,whichcouldinhibitthecorrosionofthesteelsurface.Thisaddedfeaturecouldprolongtheservicelifeofthesteelandreducethemaintenancecost.

Overall,theoleicacidmodifiedTiO2nanoparticlesaqueoussolutionhadexcellenttribologicalandanti-corrosionproperties,showinggreatpotentialasanenvironmentallyfriendlyandcost-effectivelubricantinvariousindustrialapplications.Furtherresearchcouldexploretheoptimizationofthemodificationprocessandtheapplicationofthemodifiednanoparticlesinothermaterialsandenvironments.Inaddition,thesol-gelmethodusedinthemodificationprocessoftheTiO2nanoparticlesprovidesseveraladvantages,suchascost-effectiveness,scalability,andversatility,allowingforthemodificationofdifferenttypesofnanoparticlestomeetspecificneeds.

Moreover,theuseofthemodifiednanoparticlesaslubricantscanpotentiallyreducethewearandtearofmechanicalparts,whichinturncanincreasetheirefficiencyandlifespan.Thiscouldbeparticularlybeneficialinindustriessuchasautomotive,aerospace,andmachinery,wherethecostofmaintenanceduetowearandtearissignificantlyhigh.

However,furtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthemechanismbehindthetribologicalbehaviorofthemodifiednanoparticlesandhowtheyinteractwithdifferenttypesofmaterials.Theenvironmentalimpactofthesynthesizednanoparticlesalsoneedstobecarefullyconsidered,aswellastheirpotentialtoxicologicaleffects.

Despitethesechallenges,thedevelopmentofeco-friendlyandsustainablelubricantsbasedonmodifi