译林牛津版八年级上语法知识点合集总纲

译林牛津八年级上语法知识点大全[弄会这些语法知识点，期末考试基本过关]I.形容词/副词比较级与最高级 [定义]两者比较，要用比较级，通常than引出比较的对象；三者及三者以上比较用最高级，此时通常会有比较的范围或者群体。[构成]①规则变化②不规则变化[精华提点]1.A.....thanB的句型than是比较级的标志词，也是单选题和单词拼写题的字眼。①Jackis________thanTom.A.tallB.tallerC.thetallerD.thetallest②NowIhave_______(多）homeworkthanbefore.2.ofthetwo的结构中形容词的比较级前须要有定冠词the.Heistheshorterofthetwo.3.形容词比较级前用不定冠词表示类指，翻译成“一个......”。-Howdoyoulikethemoviewesawyesterday?-Wonderful.Ihaveneverseenabettermoviethanthisone.4.anyother+名词单数与any+名词单数的区别anyother+名词单数表示比较的两个对象在同一个范围，此时可以用theother+名词复数和therestof+名词复数替换。SuzhouislargerthananyothercityinJiangsu.=SuzhouislargerthantheothercitiesinJiangsu.=Suzhouislarger`thantherestofthecitiesinJiangsu.any+名词单数表示比较的对象不再同一个范围内。ChinaisbiggerthananycountryinAfrica.ShanghaiismorebeautifulthananycityinJapan.5.oneof+adj(est)+名词复数Chinaisoneofthemostbeautifulcountriesintheworld.6.形容词比较级前的修饰语alittle/abit/alittlebit/any/no/far/byfar/even/much/△even和much只可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。TheweatherinSuzhouiseven______(热）.ThistimeIdidmuch______(差）insports.[误区指引]IthinkSuzhouis__________thanGuangzhou.A.morecoldB.muchcolderC.morecolderD.muchmorecoldChinais________thanJapan.A.muchbeautifulB.muchmorebeautifulC.morebeautifulerD.moremuchbeautiful7.指示代词在比较级中的考点TheweatherinBeijingisbetterthanthatinTianjin.Thebookonthedeskismuchmoreinterestingthanthat/theoneinthedrawer.Thegoodsinthisshoparecheaperthanthose/theonesinZhang’sshop.△当名词有后置定语修饰，为了避免重复，需要借助代词代替已经出现的名词。指代可数名词单数用that/theone;指代可数名词复数用those/theones；指代不可数名词只用that。但是当名词有前置定语，那么只能用one/ones.Theredpenwritesbetterthantheblueone.8.the+比较级+句子,the+比较级+句子越......越......Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.9.asadj/adv(原级）+as...和......一样[在否定句第一个as可以换成so,否定句翻译成不如......]HeisascarefulasJack.IcanplaythepianoaswellasTom.Icouldn’tspeakFrenchsofluentlyasnativespeakers.10.lessadj/adv(原级）+than...不如...HeislesscarefulthanTom.11.倍数的表达法[一倍是once,两倍是twice,三倍及以上是数词+times]①倍数+as+原级+asMyschoolisthreetimesaslargeasyours.②倍数+比较级+thanMyschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanyours.③倍数+thesize/area/width/length/height/weight等+ofThisdooristhreetimesthewidthofthatdoor.序数词修饰形容词最高级Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.II.反身代词△反身代词反身代词在句中通常充当同位语，宾语和表语。Ifeelnotquitemyself.[表语]Youshouldbelieveinyourself.[宾语]Thetreeitselfcan’tmove.[同位语]尤其要注意此处反身代词的用法。△反身代词的词组byoneself=onone’sown=aloneteachoneself=learnsthbyoneselfHelponeselfto...自便于......III：祈使句[定义]以动词原形开头的句子称之为祈使句，传达一种命令、要求、建议、警告的语气，其否定是在其前直接加don’t.Comein,please.Don’tspeak.Don’tbelateagain.[祈使句的反义疑问句]一般情况下祈使句的反义疑问句为willyou,肯定的祈使句也可以为won’tyou.Openthedoor,willyou/won’tyou?Don’ttalkloudly,willyou?[特殊的反义疑问句]Let’splayfootball,shallwe?Letusplayfootball,willyou?IV：提建议的句型Youshouldseeadoctoratonce.You’dbetterseeadoctoratonce.You’dbetternotstayathomeallday.Shallweseeamovietomorrow?Let’s(Letus)seeamovie.Whynotclimbthehill?Whydon’tyoujoinus?How/Whataboutplayingsoccer?Wouldyouliketoeatlunchwithme?Will/Wouldyoupleasecometomyhomeforaparty?V.情态动词表推测与动词不定式做宾语I.情态动词表推测must（一定），表示肯定的推测。ThebookbelongtoJack,becausehisnameisonthecover.can表示推测，多用于疑问句和否定句。偶尔用于肯定句，表示潜在的可能性，理论上的可能性，实际可能并未发生，翻译成“有时会”。Someoneisknockingonthedoor?Whocanitbe?-Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.-Itcan’tbeMary.Isawherleaveherejustnow.ItcanbecoldinGuangdongProvincewhenwintercomes.may/might表示推测,翻译成“或许”，可能性不大，用于肯定句和否定句。-Canyoucometomypartytomorrow?-Imaygo,butI’mnotsure.VI:动词不定式[to+V原形]属于非谓语动词的一种，无人称和数的变化。在句中几乎可以充当除了谓语以外的任何成分。其否定是在其前直接加not.Toplaysoccerismyhobby.主语Mydreamistobeascientist.表语Iamalwaysthefirstonetogettoschool.定语IdecidetogotoShanghaitomorrow.宾语△有些动词后通常只加不定式做宾语agree/decide/hope/wish/plan/learn/want/need/fail等Itoldhimnottostayuptoolate.宾补这类动词还有：ask/wish/allow/want/need/invite/get等。△：make/let/have其后接不定式做宾补，要省略to。Mymotheroftenmakesmetostudyhard.Ihurriedtothebusstoponlytofindallthebuseshadbeenaway.结果状语Tobefrank,youarekindofcute.评论性状语Tocatchthefirstbus,Igotupearlierthanusualthismorning.目的状语动词不定式做目的状语以及其加强式to+V原形/inorderto+V原形/soasto+V原形表示为了......[注意：soasto不能位于句首]Tocatchthefirstbus,Ihadtogetupearlythismorning.IwillgotoSuzhouinordertoseetheGardens.Istudyhardsoastoenteragooduniversityinthefuture.[扩展]sothat/inorderthat+句子引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词通常由can/could+V构成。Ihadtogetupearlythismorningsothat/inorderthatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.VII简单句的五种基本句型主谓S+V[Heislaughing.]主谓宾S+V+O[Ineedabook.]主系表S+V+P[Theseflowerslookbeautiful]主谓双宾S+V+IO+DO[Igaveherapenjustnow]主谓宾宾补S+V+IO+OC[Ioftenhearabirdsinginmyneighborhood.]理论分析产生简单句不同句型的原因主要是由于动词的意义不同而导致的句型结构上的差异。英语中的动词主要分为以下五种，上面1245都是由实意动词产生的句型，句型3是系动词产生的句型。

实意动词有具体含义的一类动词，又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词可以直接+宾语，不及物动词不可以加宾语。英语大部分实意动词既可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词及物动词：like/want不及物动词：apologize/arriveIarrivedjustnow.IlikeEnglish.（连）连系动词是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作\t"/item/%E7%B3%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D/_blank"谓语，其后必须跟\t"/item/%E7%B3%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D/_blank"表语，构成\t"/item/%E7%B3%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D/_blank"系表结构说明\t"/item/%E7%B3%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D/_blank"主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。be动词是使用最广泛最普遍的一类系动词。Keep/stay/look/soundSmell/feel/get/become/go，etcThemusicsoundsgood.Thebookisonthedesk.情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。can/could/may/might/must/should/will/shall,etcIcanplaythepianowell.Youshouldseeadoctoratonce.助动词协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词，也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词用来构成时态和语态以及否定句和疑问句do/does/did/will,be,etcIdon’tlikeEnglish.IamwatchingTV.Thebridgewasbuilttenyearsago.代动词代替已经出现的动作，避免重复Do/does/did,etc-Whocleanedtheclassroom?-Jackdid.VIII.过去进行时定义表示过去某个时刻正在做某事Iwasplayingsoccerat4p.myesterday.表示过去某个阶段正在做某事ShewaswatchingTVfrom1to4p.myesterday.表以过去某个时刻为起点的将来（过去将来）LastTuesdayJacksaidhewasleavingforShanghai.构成主语+be(was/were)+doing+其他与一般过去时连用的时间状语thismorning/atthistimeyesterday/atthattime/atthatmoment/fromninetotenlastnightwhen/while引起的时间状语从句,etc.4when/while/as△when/while/aswhen:当......时候。从句的动作既可以发生在主句之前，也可以发生在主句之后，也可以同时发生。其从句的谓语动词既可以为短暂