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Graphiteisathick,threedimensionalstackofgraphenesheets;thesheetsareheldtogetherbyweak,attractive scalledvander Howmanygraphenesheetsareina2mmthickslabofgraphite?~6ThediscoveryofGraphenesheetshavebeenproducedbymechanicalexfoliationviarepeatedpeelingofhighlyorderedpyrolyticgraphite(HOPG,peelingofflayersofgraphitewithastickytransferontoThediscoveryofopticalmicroscopeimageofresultingUnlikecarbonnanotubes,graphenesheetscanbeseenunderanopticalmicroscope(forthesamereasontheasheetofsaranwrapiseasiertoseethanfishingline).Two-dimensionalatomicByusingmicromechanicalcleavage,wehavepreparedandstudiedvarietyof2DNbSe2graphite(b),MoS2(d)visualizedbyAFM(aandb),bySEM(c),andanopticalmicroscope(d).(Allscalebars:A.K.GEIM.etal.PNAS,2005,102,Forbetterworld&

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7.石墨烯宏观组装材GrapheneisinGoldRushTheWallStreetAugust24, HowHowtoprepareChemicalbottom-up2Moleculargrapheneribbon,2K.K.Müllen,J.P.Rabe.Acc.Chem.Res.2008,41,7HowHowtoprepareCVDmethod:CH4+H2/ Large S.Bae,J.-H.Ahn,etal.Nat.Nanotech.2010,5, HowHowtoprepareMechanicalpeelingofffromgraphite:HighqualitygraphenePeelingofflayersofgraphitewithastickyTransferonto Optical22K.K.S.Novoselov,A.K.Geim,etal.Science2004,306,9HowHowtoprepareOxidationofgraphitetogetgrapheneoxidefollowedbylarge-scaleandprocessable(themostaddressedHH2SO4/KMnO4Graphite/grapheneoxideAdvantages:Advantages:1)highlysolubleandmultifunctionalcanbereducedintoNewdirections:GOchemistry,physics, W.S.HummersJr.,R.E.Offeman,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1958,80, What’sWhat’stheuniquenessforgraphene- D.A.Dikin,R.S.Ruoff,etal.Nature2007,448, Graphene-basedGrapheneOrganicmoiety小分子、聚合物Conductingpolymers(超级电容器，传 Inorganicnanoparticles（金属，半导HowHowtopreparegraphene-basedGaoquanShi,Adv.Mater.,2011,23,What’stheuniquenessforgraphene-S.ovich,R.S.Ruoff,etal.Nature2006,442,Howtofunctionalize—OrganicfunctionalizationofItiseasyforgraphenetoaggregateduetothestrongπ-πstacking duringthereactionDespitethepublishedefforts,toachieveindividuallydispersedgraphenesheetsinlarge-scaleisstillaWelldispersedAFMimageswererarelyIndividuallydispersedgraphenesheetsisstilla OrganicOrganicfunctionalizationof (叠氮

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