剑桥大学+超越人类健康的生命科学：英国现代工业生物技术

Lifesciencesbeyondhumanhealth:

modernindustrial

biotechnologyintheUK

Strengths,shape,sizeandopportunitiesfortheindustry

InstituteforManufacturing,UniversityofCambridge

March2023

©2023IfMEngage

Lifesciencesbeyondhumanhealth:modernindustrialbiotechnologyintheUK

Strengths,shape,sizeandopportunitiesfortheindustry

ThisstudyhasbeencommissionedbytheGovernmentOfficeforScience(GOS)toinformtheworkoftheGovernmentChiefScientificAdviser,SirPatrickVallance.Thisworkincludedaworkshopheldon4August2022withstakeholdersacrossgovernment,academiaandindustry,inapproximatelyequalproportions.

Contributors

Thecontributorstothisreportare:LizKillen,DavidLeal-Ayala,JenniferCastaneda-Navarrete,MichelePalladinoandCarlosLópez-Gómez.DesignbyEllaWhellams.Copy-editingbyElizabethTofaris.

Acknowledgements

TheauthorswouldliketothankChrisLoweandEoinO’Sullivan,whoprovidedacademicguidanceforthisreport.Wewouldalsoliketothankalloftheorganisationsfromtheprivateandpublicsectorswhoprovidedvaluabletimeandinsightsduringtheinterviewsandworkshopscarriedouttoinformthereport.

Disclaimers

TheviewsexpressedinthisreportdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartoftheGovernmentOfficeforScience(GOS).

Designationssuchas“developed”,“industrialised”and“developing”areintendedforstatisticalconvenienceanddonotnecessarilyexpressajudgementaboutthestagereachedbyaparticularcountryorareainthedevelopmentprocess.Namesofcountriesandterritoriesfollowwidelyacceptedconventionsanddonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheauthors,theiraffiliatedinstitutionsorclientconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorarea,oritsauthorities.

Anymentionoffirmnamesorcommercialproductsdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbytheauthors,theiraffiliatedinstitutionsortheGovernmentOfficeforScience(GOS).

Thecopyrightofallmaterialsinthispublicationrestswiththerespectivecontentauthorsandexpertcontributors.Forfurtherdetails,pleasecontact:

ifm-policy-links@eng.cam.ac.uk

.

Pleasereferenceas:CambridgeIndustrialInnovationPolicy(2023).LifeSciencesbeyondhumanhealth:modernindustrialbiotechnologyintheUK.IfMEngage.InstituteforManufacturing,UniversityofCambridge.

2

Contents

Executivesummary

4

Introduction

13

1.Whatismodernindustrialbiotechnology?Thenon-humanhealthlifesciences

17

2.ModernindustrialbiotechnologylandscapeintheUK:applications,sectorsizeandkeydriversofgrowth

24

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

48

4.Capturingvaluefrommodernindustrialbiotechnology

67

5.RegulationandinnovationinmodernindustrialbiotechnologyintheUK

79

6.SectoralfuturesinUKmodernindustrialbiotechnology

85

Appendix.Statisticaldefinitions

95

References

107

3

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary

Lifesciencesbeyondhumanhealth:modernindustrialbiotechnologyintheUK

4

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(1/8)

Section

1.Whatismodernindustrialbiotechnology?Thenon-humanhealthlifesciences

Pages17–23

Key

findings

▪Lifesciencesnotaddressinghumanhealthcouldmorehelpfullybereferredtoas‘modernindustrialbiotechnology’(MIB).

▪Itissuggestedthatthiscouldhelptoavoidmisconceptualisationbythosewhounderstandthelifesciencesaspurelyrelatedtohumanhealth-acommondefinitionandoncerecentlyusedwithinmanycurrentgovernmentpolicydocuments.

▪MIBworkingdefinition:Modernindustrialbiotechnologyistheapplicationofnatural,emulatedorengineeredbiologicalorganisms,systems,processesorpartsthereof,toprovideconsumergoodsandservicesinaneconomic,eco-friendly,sustainableandenergy-andresource-efficientmannerforthebenefitofmankind

▪Theoriginaldefinitionofindustrialbiotechnologyisoutdated.Definedas“usingenzymesandmicroorganismstomakebio-basedproducts”usingreadilyavailablesourcesofbio-feedstock,thisdefinitiondoesnotencompasstheimpactofmanynewunderpinningandfeedertechnologiesthatcollectivelyallowmodificationandmanipulationoflifeprocesses,suchasgeneediting,AI/ML,metabolicengineering,polyomics,epigenomics,forcedevolution,nanoscience,fluidics,3Dbio-printing,bioinformatics,insilicobiology.Theadditionof‘modern’woulddifferentiateitfrom‘traditional’industrialbioprocesses(e.g.wine,cheeseandbaking).

▪TheUK’sstronglifesciencesbaseoffersawindowofopportunitytoestablishtechnologicalleadershipandcaptureeconomicandsocietalvaluefrommodernindustrialbiotechnology

▪ThisopportunityisnotonlyenabledbythestrengthofUKlifesciencesR&Dbutalsobytheecosystemoftechnicalservicefirms,suppliersandspecialistequipmentvendorswhichevolvedtosupportthehealthlifesciencessectorbutarealsosourceofimportantcapabilitiesandpotentialcompetitiveadvantageformodernindustrialbiotechnology

▪Therearemanyreasonswhythegovernmentmaywishtosupportthis,includingincreasingvalue,addressingresourcepressures,securingenergysecurity,jobcreationandeconomicgrowth,andaddressingclimatechangeorwastereduction.

5

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(2/8)

Section

2.ModernindustrialbiotechnologylandscapeintheUK

Pages24–47

Key

findings

▪30%offirmsintheUKlifesciencessectorcanbeclassifiedasbiotech(basedonpubliclyavailabledatafrom

BiotechGate

).Ofthese,51%canbeclassifiedas“R&Dservices”;34%as“biotechnologytherapeuticsanddiagnostics”;and15%as“modernindustrialbiotechnology”(~202firms).

▪Modernindustrialbiotechnologyfirmsarediverse.Themainsub-sectorsinclude:agriculture(22%);veterinary(18%);food(14%);nutraceuticals(12%);industrialprocesses(8%);environmental(8%);cosmetics(7%);andother(11%).

▪ModernindustrialbiotechnologyfirmsintheUKaccountforatotalturnoverof£4.7billion.Biotechnologyfirmsclassifiedas“R&Dservices”,whichprovideservicestobothhumanandnon-humanhealthlifesciences,accountfor£31.9billioninturnoverincomparison.

▪Topplayersintheindustrialbiotechnologylandscapeincludemostlyveterinaryandcosmeticscompanies.Thesectorisdominatedbymicro(39%),small(31%)andmedium(25%)enterprises,whilelargefirmsaccountfor6%ofthetotal.

▪Therearemanyscientificandtechnologicaladvancesdrivingmodernindustrialbiotechnologygrowth.Examplesincludedigitalisation,genomicsequencingtechnologies,totallyartificialorganisms,“labonachip”technologies,andnovelandengineeredenzymecatalysts.

▪TheUKmodernindustrialbiotechnologysectorreceivedstrongearlygovernmentsupportfromthemid-2000s,particularlyintheareasofgeneticeditingandsyntheticorengineeringbiology.Overtime,theUnitedKingdom,liketheUnitedStates,hasplacedgreatemphasisonsyntheticbiologyinitsbioeconomystrategies.

▪Today,theUKisseenashavingexcellent,world-leadingresearchinthisarea,albeitwithlowersuccessincommercialisationandscale-upofrelatedtechnologies.Thisisinpartattributedtoinfrastructure,skillsandtheavailabilityofventurecapital–anassessmentthathasremainedrelativelyconsistentacrossthepastdecade.

6

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(3/8)

Section

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking(UKresearchstrength)

Pages48–66

Key

findings

▪TheUnitedKingdomrankedfifthintheworldintermsofresearchproductivity(measuredbynumberofpublications)inbiotechnology,andseventhforproductivityseenbetween1996and2021.Duringthisperiod,theUnitedStates,ChinaandJapanledthebiotechnologyfield.

▪Intermsofresearchimpact(measuredbytheHindex),theUnitedKingdomrankedfourthin2021andthirdintheperiodof1996–2021.Duringthisperiod,theUnitedStatesandGermany,andtheUnitedKingdom,werethetopthreeperformingcountriesinbiotechnology.

▪In2022theUnitedKingdomrankedsecondintermsofthenumberofuniversitiesclassifiedamongthetop150intheworldinbiologicalsciencesandtheiraveragescores,behindonlytheUnitedStates.TheUniversityofCambridge(3rd),theUniversityofOxford(5th),ImperialCollegeLondon(11th),UniversityCollegeLondon(11th)andtheUniversityofEdinburgh(22nd)arethetopfiveuniversitiesinbiologicalsciencesintheUK.

▪TheUnitedStates,Japan,Germany,KoreaandChinaarethetopfiveinnovatorsinbiotechnologypatents.During2011–18,theUnitedKingdomrankedfifth,outof52countries,bythenumberoftriadicpatentsinbiotechnology,andseventhbythenumberofIP5patents.

▪Keybarrierstotheeffectiveuseoftheintellectualpropertysystemincludeskills,awarenessandcost.Inparticular,efficientIPmanagementrequiresanarrayofskillsrangingfromthelegaltothescientific/technicalandthecommercial,whichnotallSMEshavein-house.

▪GraduatesinSTEMdisciplinesaccountedfor43.4%ofthetotalgraduatesintheUKin2019.ThisvaluewasabovethatforcomparatorcountriessuchasFrance(36.8%),Canada(37.8%)andtheUnitedStates(37.6%).

7

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(4/8)

Section

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking(UKbusinessstrength)

Pages48–66

Key

findings

▪TheUnitedKingdomrankedfourthintheworldintermsofcountriesbythenumberofmodernindustrialbiotechnologycompanies,behindChina,theUSandCanada.ClosefollowersincludeGermany,France,Spain,Italy,theNetherlandsandIndia.

▪Intermsofownershipstructure,theUKshowsahigherlevelofsubsidiariesthanCanada,GermanyandKorea.However,publiclylistedfirmsremainbelowCanadaandSouthKorea(nodataisavailablefortheUSandChina).

▪Regardingventurefinancing,UKfirmsreceivedoverUSD$3billioninprivateequityinvestmentsin2021.ThisissignificantlyhigherthancomparablecountriessuchasCanada,France,Germany,theNetherlands,SwitzerlandandSouthKorea(nodataisavailablefortheUSandChina).

▪TheUKhadalowernumberofmodernindustrialbiotechnologyfirmsfoundedbetween2010and2018thanCanada(38and52,respectively).ThisnumberwasgreaterthancomparatorcountriessuchasDenmark,Germany,theNetherlands,Switzerland,SouthKoreaandSpain(nodataisavailablefortheUSandChina).

▪Overall,theexpertsconsultedidentifiedalackofdeeporpatientcapitaltoinvestinstart-upsbeyondseedorseriesAfunding.Whiletheskills

wereavailable,thereareperceivedtobeonlyoneortwolargefundsinvestinginthisspace.SomeparticipantssuggestedtheBritishBusinessBankcouldplayaroleinsettinguplargefunds.

▪TherewasaperceptionamongtheconsultedstakeholdersthatthelargestinvestmentsinmanufacturinginmodernindustrialbiotechnologyareoccurringincompaniesabroadincountriessuchasDenmark,theNetherlandsandGermany.Thismaybeconsolidatedasaself-perpetuatingclustertothedetrimentoftheUKifmanufacturinginvestmentisnotincreasedinthefuture.

▪Lowmarginswithinindustriesthatmaypurchasemodernindustrialbiotechnology-derivedproductsmaylimitinvestment.Theconsultedstakeholderssuggestedthatperhapsidentifyinglow-volume,high-valueproductsmaypresentabettermarketfortheUKtotarget.

8

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(5/8)

Section

4.CapturingvaluefromUKmodernindustrialbiotechnology

Pages67–78

Key

findings

▪ThroughengagingovereightySMEs,theEngineeringBiologyLeadershipCouncilfoundthatmanycompaniesconsidercarryingoutR&DintheUKbutmanufacturingabroadisultimatelythebestoption.FromaUKstandpoint,thisisamatterofconcernbecausesignificantamountsofrevenue(andtaxation)arederivedfrommanufacturingandnotfromR&D.

▪Manyvaluechainsinbiotechnology,forhigh-volumeproducts,willbedeterminedbyfeedstockavailability.Dependingontheprocess,thesefeedstocksmaybedistributed(whichmayrequireproductionnetworks)oravailableonseasonalcycles(e.g.annualcropwaste),presentingpotentialchallengestotraditionalbusinessmodels.

▪UKcompaniescouldbesupportedtocapturevaluewithinearly(e.g.R&Danddesign)andlaterstages(e.g.marketingandadd-onservices).Attheearlystages,thisincludesastrongneedtocapturevaluethroughintellectualproperty,supportforpatentingandenablingconditionsforspin-outsandscale-ups.ThisincludesincentivestokeeptheseinnovativefirmsintheUK.IPshouldbeusedtocapturevaluefromproductsthatcannotbemanufacturedlocally.

▪TheconsultedstakeholdersseetheworkoftheBBSRCpositively,withstrategicinvestment–thoughthereareperceivedgapsinfundingbetweentheremitsofindividualcouncils.ThereisaneedformechanismsthatutilisetheinterdisciplinaryspaceofUKRItoworkbetterwithintheseinterfacesinpractice.

▪TheworkshopparticipantsexpressedaperceptionthatmorefundingforindustrialbiotechnologyisneededthroughInnovateUK,whilemoreeffortsarealsorequiredtoprovideconnectedfunding.Therearesometensionsinherentinthis,includingatwhatstagecompaniesbenefitfromexternalinvestmentandwhethercompaniesthatrequirecontinuedgrantfundingaremorelikelytobenon-competitiveinthemarketplace.Despitetheseconcerns,theworkshopparticipantsexpressedaclearcallforincreasedinvestmentinlater-stageTRLsandtranslationalresearch.

9

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(6/8)

Section

5.RegulationandinnovationinUKmodernindustrialbiotechnology

Pages79–84

Key

findings

▪Itisimportantforanyapproachtobiotechnologytoacknowledgeandaccountfortherisksinvolved.Itisestimatedthatupto70%ofthetotalpotentialimpactofbiotechnologiescouldhingeonconsumer,societalandregulatoryacceptance,basedonananalysisofareaswhereregulationsexisttodayinmajoreconomies.

▪TheUKhasveryhighawarenessofbiologicalrisk,whichputsitingoodsteadtotackletheseissues.TherearesomelearningsfromtheGMOdebate,thesuccessoftheHumanFertilisationandEmbryologyAuthority(HFEA)andsomeparallelswithcurrentregulatoryissuesaroundAI,whichshouldbeexploredfurtherbythegovernmentinthecontextofnon-humanhealthbiotechnology.

▪Formanytechnologies,regulationwillbeakeymechanismbywhichthegovernmentcanmanagetherisksfrombiotechnology.Theimplicationsofregulationoninnovationarecomplex:whiledisproportionateregulationmayimpedeinnovation,regulationcanalsodriveinnovations.Inadditiontoregulation,thereisalsoaroleforstandardsandsimilarguidelines.

▪Movingforward,theremaybeissuesassociatedwith“naturalness”.Forexample,aceticacidproducedbyfermentationisa“natural”product,whilechemicallysynthesisedbutotherwiseidenticalaceticacidrequiresdesignationinaproductwithanEnumber(i.e.thecodeforsubstancesusedasfoodadditives).Alikelyscenariowhenindustrialbiotechnologybecomesmoreprominentisthatproductswillbeproducedpartlyby“biological”processesandpartlyby“chemical”processes.Thequestionofhowtheywillbeclassifiedisyettobeanswered.

▪Landusemightbeanothersourceoffutureregulatorydiscussion.Thisincludeswhatproportionofland(andfreshandseawater)isdevotedtofoodproduction(foodsecurity),industrialproduction(industrialsecurity),rewilding(environmentalandbiodiversitysecurity)andurbandevelopment(housingsecurity).

10

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(7/8)

Section

6.SectoralfuturesinUKmodernindustrialbiotechnology(1)

Pages85–94

Key

findings

▪Non-healthbiotechhassignificantroomtogrow.Inits2020reportMcKinseyestimatedthatmorethanhalfoftheimpactfromapplicationsofbiotechnologywilllieoutsidehealthcare,withthemostsignificantproportionbeinginagriculture,aquacultureandfood(USD$0.8–1.2trilliongloballyby2030–40),followedbyconsumerproductsandservices(USD$0.2–0.7trilliongloballyby2030–40)andmaterialsandenergyproduction(USD$0.2–0.3trilliongloballyby2030–40).

▪ThereareseveralbroadareasinwhichtheUKmayhavestrengthsandmaybeabletodevelopcompetitiveadvantage.Theseinclude:agribiotech(globalmarketestimatedtogrowfromUSD$49billionin2021toUSD$114billionin2030);foodanddrink(bio-basedflavoursandfragrancesrepresentapotentialnicheoflow-volume,high-valueproducts,withaglobalestimatedmarketof€29billionby2026);commercialgenomicsforwell-being(globalmarketestimatedatUSD$94.65billionin2028);animalhealth(theglobalanimalbiotechnologymarketsizewasvaluedatUSD$22.66billionin2021);andunderpinningtechnologiesandplatforms(theUKhaskeystrengthsintheplatforms,detectionmethodsandtechnologiesthatunderpinadvancesinthisfield.Forexample,theUKiswellorganisedonhigh-throughputsequencing,longitudinalcohortsandpopulationgenetics.Geneeditingisalsoaresearchstrength).

▪OnekeyareathatcouldleadtogreatersuccessofmodernindustrialbiotechnologyintheUKisperceivedtolieinthetranslationfromR&Dtocommercialisation.Therearetwofoldissueswithnothavinggoodscale-upcapacity:thatinventionswillnotgetscaledup;andalsothatgoodcompanieswillleaveformorefavourablefundingorregulatoryenvironments.

▪CapturingvalueinmodernindustrialbiotechnologywillalmostcertainlyrequireanincreasedvolumeofpatentingbyUKacademics,andstrategiescouldbeexploredtopromotethis.Thismayincludeconsiderationofanumberofincentives,whichmaybeconnectedtofundingandpromotionwithinandacrossUKuniversities,butalsointhetechnology-transferofficesofuniversities.

11

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Executivesummary(8/8)

Section

6.SectoralfuturesinUKmodernindustrialbiotechnology(2)

Pages85–94

Key

findings

▪

•

•

•

•

Theconsultedstakeholderssuggestedthatscale-upfacilitiesintheUKaresometimeslimited,expensiveorunfitforsomepurposes.TheUKcouldlookatwhatisbeingofferedbyothercountriesinthescale-upspaceandwhetherthisrepresentsathreattotheUKecosystem(e.g.Denmark,theNetherlands,BelgiumandtheUS).TheconsultedstakeholdersmentionedthatthehighrentsinspecificUKregionsleadmanufacturerstocheaperareasofthecountryorabroad,wherestaffaregenerallyconsideredtobelessskilled.

Workshopparticipantsalsosuggestedthatbecauseofthelackofdomesticresources,scale-upfacilitiesinothercountriesarebeingusedbysomeUKfirms.Theseareoftencommerciallyoperatedfacilities.ThequestionastowhytheUKdoesnothavethecapacityandscaleneededcouldbefurtherexplored.Itmaybethecasethatdemandmaynotyetbehighenoughtoensurethatscale-upissustained,andifso,thismaybethekeypointintheproductlifecyclewhengovernmentinvestmentisneeded.

Intothefuture,thenon-healthlifescienceswillbeincompetitionwithhumanhealthbiotechnologyandotherindustriesforkeySTEMskillsandhighlyskilledtechnicalworkers.ThisparticularlyspeakstotheUKeconomy-wideissuewithtechnicianshortages,whichT-levelsaimtoaddress.

Thesuccessofthe“goldentriangle”,anditsperceptionasa“low-riskplacetodohigh-riskscience”,givesaclearbrandingforinwardinvestment.ThereisclearvalueinattemptingtoenhanceexistingclusterswhenitcomestoR&D,includinginfrastructuralones.However,therearealreadytensionsinclustersregardinglandavailability,labandofficespace,andaffordablehousing.Whiletheenhancementofclustersshouldbebalancedwithplace-basedconsiderations,itisworthnotingthatmanybiotechnologyfeedstockswillbedistributedacrossagriculturallandandmanufacturingregions,anditislikelythatthesewillrequiredispersednetworksforproduction,whichmayhavepositiveeffectsinlocalareasoutsideR&Dclusters.

Itisseentobe“tooeasyforinnovativebiotechtobeboughtoutbynon-UKcompaniesandtakenoverseas”becauseofalackoflocalVCfunding.ItisarguedthatincreasedIPOexitswouldenhancethedomesticbase;however,mostexitsinindustrialbiotechnologyaremergersoracquisitions.Whatrepresentssuccessforanindividualcompany(e.g.astart-upbeingacquiredbyamultinational)maynotbeseenasanationalbenefit.WhatcantheUKdotoinfluencethis,andtopromotetheretentionofjobsandskillsdevelopmentwithintheUK,evenwhencompaniesareacquiredbymultinationals?

12

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

ExecutiveSummary

Introduction

References

Appendix

2.MIBlandscapein

theUK

Introduction

Lifesciencesbeyondhumanhealth:modernindustrialbiotechnologyintheUK

13

6.Sectoral

futuresinUK

MIB

4.Capturing

valuefromUK

MIB

1.Whatis

modernindustrial

biotechnology?

5.Regulationand

innovationinUK

MIB

3.UKinternationalbenchmarking

2.MIBlandscapeintheUK

ExecutiveSummary

References

Appendix

Introduction

Introduction(1of2)

TheimportanceofthelifescienceshasbeenthrownintosharpreliefbytheCOVID-19pandemic,andthepotentialfortheUKtobothadvancehumanhealthandcaptureeconomicvaluehasbeenatthecoreoftherecentseriesofUKgovernmentpolicies,includingthe2011StrategyforUKLifeSciences,the2017and2018LifeSciencesSectorDealsandthe2021LifeSciencesvision.Thesepoliciesha