2019高考英语一轮基础自练题Unit3Inventorsandinventions(含解析)新人教版选修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions李仕才***阅读理解。CanexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadesExerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsat

later?least.“Thisisananimalstudy，butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment，butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive(认知的)developmentduringageing，”saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto，Canada.“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿尔茨海默病)，possiblytothepointofpreventingit.”Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups，andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox，theyfrozewithfear.Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations：exactlythesameboxinthesameroom，thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently，andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations，suggestingtheycouldn'trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe'reyoung，atleastforrats，hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe'reolder，”saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston，whohasfoundthat，inhumans，exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.1．Thestudyshowsthat________.A．physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealthB．usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats'growthC．physicalactivitycanpreventhumans'Alzheimer'sdiseaseD．themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung，thebetter

memoryit

will

possesswhenolder2．HowareParagraph3and4mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bydescribingtheprocess.D．Byshowingdifferences.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Exercise.B．Development.C．Benefit.D．Study.4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?A．Negative.B．Objective.C．Critical.D．Doubtful.【解题导语】本文为说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，进而得出初期锻炼对大脑终生有利处的结论。1．D考察细节理解。依据第一段内容特别是第二句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast”可知，初期锻炼仿佛对大脑终身有利处，起码对老鼠来说是这样的。应选D项。2．C考察写作手法。依据第三段的“Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear”和第四段的“Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“经过描绘过程”，应选C项。A项意为“经过剖析原由”；B项意为“经过举例子”；D项意为“经过展现不一样点”。这三项均不切合第三、四段的发展脉络。3．A考察代词指代。依据第二段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant”及“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推延阿尔茨海默病的出现。所以“it”在文中指的是“physicalactivity”，A项与其同义，应选A项。4．B考察看法态度。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，应选B项。***语法填空。Theysurviveinsomeofthecoldestenvironmentsintheworld—butevenpenguinsappreciateawarmwoollyjumper(套头毛衣)onceinawhile.Theminiknittedgarmentshavehelpedsavehundredsofflightlessbirdscaught__1__oilleaks,providingprotectionfromtheelementsandstoppingthemfromswallowing__2__(poison)pollution.2KnitsforNature,aprogramrunbythePenguinFoundation,__3__conservesthelittlepenguinpopulationofPhillipIsland,140kmsoutheastofMelbourne,__4__(create)upto300differentdesignsovertheyears—anditisallthankstotalentedvolunteers.“There'salotof__5__(hide)creativityoutthere，”saidLynBlom,ofPhillipIslandNaturePark.“Peoplelovetoknowthatthey'rehelpingthepenguins__6__they'resocuteandsmallandtheywaddleupthebeachandthey'resostrong.Buttheyneedtobe,fortheylivein__7__prettytoughsortofenvironment.”Athumbnail－sizedpatchofoilcankilllittlepenguins,the__8__(small)ofthespecies,measuringjust13inches(33cm)andweighing2.2lbs(1kg).Theoilseparatesandmatstheirfeathers,breakingnaturalwaterproofandheatingfunctions.MsBlomestimates__9__shehasknittedbetween200and300penguinjumpersovertheyears,including__10__inthecoloursofeveryAustralianfootballteaminthecountry.1．8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记述文。MsBlom编织的迷你毛衣成功挽救了数百只企鹅，能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素，甚至误食有毒的污染物。1．in考察介词。这里是“becaughtin”的固定搭配，意思为“被困于中”。文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰flightlessbirds。2．poisonous考察词性变换。poisonous作为形容词修饰后来面的名词。3．which考察定语从句的指引词。空处指引非限制性定语从句，指代先行词thePenguinFoundation，并在从句中作主语，故用which。4．hascreated考察动词的时态。依据时间状语“overtheyears”可知这里用此刻达成时，句子的主语是一个名为KnitsforNature的项目，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数。5．hidden考察非谓语动词。creativity是名词，其前要用形容词修饰，动词hide与creativity之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。此处为过去分词转变而来的形容词作定语。6．because考察连词。“they'resocuteandsmallandtheywaddleupthebeachandthey'resostrong”是“Peoplelovetoknowthatthey'rehelpingthepenguins”的原由，故用because指引原由状语从句。7．a考察冠词。此处表示泛指，且pretty的读音是以辅音音素开头的，故用a。aprettytoughsortofenvironment表示的是“一种相当恶劣的环境”。38．smallest考察形容词的最高等。依据上下文语境和空前的the可知这里应当用最高级。9．that考察宾语从句的连结词。剖析句子成分可知，空处指引宾语从句作estimates的宾语，宾语从句中句意和成分完好，故用that。10．those考察代词。those指代前面所说的penguinjumpers。完形填空。ItwasadayinlateJune,grayanddepressing,withcloudshanginglow.MyhusbandandIweredrivingtoNovaScotia,Canada,foramuch-neededvacation.Wetraveledtiredly,hopingto1restanddinnerbeforetheraincame.Suddenly,onalonelystretchofhighway,thestorm2.Cascadesofwatershutusin,makingdrivingimpossible.We3ontotheshoulderoftheroadandstopped.Then,asthoughsomeonehadturnedoffacelestialtap,it4.Athinradiance,likeasprayofgold,5fromtheclouds.Everybladeofgrasswascrystallineasthesunflashedon6drops.Theveryroadshone,andarainbowarchedacrossthesky.Itwasasthoughthisbeamofcolorhadbeenbuiltforus7.Wecouldhardlyspeakforaweandjoy.Afriendofminehasdescribeda8experience.Shehadwalkedoutonalonelybeachattwilight.Itwasatimeofgriefforher,and9waswhatshewanted.Offshore,acrossthedarkeningsea,shemadeoutthe10ofananchoredfishingboat,andinitthefigureofaman.Myfriendtoldmethatafterawhile,shefeltanintenseandglowingsenseofonenesswiththat11figure.Itwasasthoughseaandskyandnightandthosetwosolitaryhumanbeingswereunitedinakindofprofoundidentity.“Iwas12byjoy,”shesaid.13almostanythingmayserveasthemotivationofsuchafeeling—starsshineonnewsnow;asuddenfieldofdaffodils;amomentinmarriagewhenhandreachesouttohandinthe14thatthisotherpersonspeaksasyouspeak,feelsasyoufeel.Joymaywait,too,just15dangerwhenyouhaveenoughtofaceasituationandliveitout.16thesource,suchexperiencesprovidethemostmemorablemomentsoflife.Whatifthesemomentsofjoyaregiventousto17thatthisisthewaywearemeanttolive?Whatiftheclarityofjoyisthewayweshouldbeseeingallthetime?Tomanypeople,itseemsalmostwickedtofeelthisradianceinaworld18asoursis.Butmostgenerationshaveknownuncertaintyand19.Themore4damagedtheworld,themoreweneedtoremembertheluminousbeautyatthecenteroflife.Ourmomentsofjoyare20thatattheheartofdarknessanunquenchable(不行截止的)lightshines.Joyisthefeelingthatwehavetouchedtheedgeofsomethingfarbeyondourselves.语篇解读：作者经过旅游中的经历感悟到人生的快乐比人们想象的更简单获取的道理，并要学会珍惜人生的快乐。1.A.affordB.purchaseC.reachD.offer【答案】C2.A.fellB.attackedC.struckD.covered【答案】C【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示的是“下起了狂风雨”，C项的“strike”能够表示“大雨侵袭”的意思；A项是“倒下”；B项是“侵袭，攻击”，为及物动词；D项表示的“覆盖”之意，故C项合适。3.A.pulledoffB.pulledthroughC.pulledupD.pulleddown【答案】A【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“把车停到路边”，A项短语合适；B项表示的是“度过难关”；C项表示“拔起，阻挡”；D项是“摧毁，掀翻”之意，应选A合适。4.A.startedB.disturbedC.pausedD.ended【答案】D【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“雨停了”故D项合适。5.A.broadcastB.unfoldedC.spreadD.reflected【答案】C【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“一道金色的光从云中散布(spread)下来”，故C项正确。A项是“广播，播报”；B项是“翻开”；D项是“反应”6.A.tremblingB.shrinkingC.brightD.5thick【答案】A7.A.onlyB.lonelyC.aloneD.together【答案】C【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“忧如这类美好的场景就是专为我们两人的”，A项是“不过，不过”；B项表示“孤独的，孤寂的”；C项表示“单独地”，能表现出专为二人的感觉；D项表示“一同”，应选C合适。8.A.similarB.differentC.contraryD.strange【答案】A【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“我的朋友也有过近似的经历”，故A项合适。9.A.discomfortB.painC.despairD.loneliness【答案】D【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“当时她所需要的就是那种一个人的独处”，D项切合此处的意思；A项表示“不舒坦”；B项是“伤痛”；C项是“无望”。10.A.imageB.sceneC.viewD.picture【答案】A【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“在乌黑的海面上她鉴别出一艘渔船的情景”，A项合适；B项表示的是“场景，布景”；C项是“在远处或高处从个人角度看到整个景色的一部分”而D项表示的是“图画”；用A项更能表现和突出夜晚海面上的情景，应选A合适。11.A.harmoniousB.peacefulC.silentD.calm【答案】C【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“夜晚海面上的那种沉寂”故C项正确；A项是“和谐的，友善友善的”；B项是“沉静”而D项是“冷静”之意，应选C正确。12.A.overtakenB.overcomeC.overlookedD.overdone【答案】A6【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“我特别高兴”即“被高兴接收”之意，A项合适；B项是“战胜”之意；C项是“忽略”而D项表示的是“把做的过分”。13.A.AccidentallyB.PurposelyC.ApparentlyD.Fortunately【答案】C【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“很显然几乎全部的事物都能够充任愉悦之情的动力”故C项正确；A项是“有时地”；B项表示“有目的地”；D项是“好运地”。14.A.imaginationB.realizationC.innovationD.reputation【答案】B15.A.againstB.withoutC.withinD.beyond【答案】D【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“高兴快乐超越了危险”之意，故D项合适。16.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whenever【答案】A【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“不论高兴的根源是什么”之意，故A项合适。17.A.representB.revealC.resembleD.announce【答案】B【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“高兴的时刻是揭露或反应出一种我们要如何去生活的方式”之意，A项表示“代表”；B项是“揭露”；C项是“像”；D项是“宣告”；故B项合适。18.A.cursedB.destroyedC.threatenedD.buried【答案】C【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“生活中的高兴遇到影响”，A项是“诅咒”之意；B项是“摧毁”；C项表示“威迫，影响”；D项是“埋，埋葬”之意，故C项正确。19.A.challengeB.scheduleC.opportunityD.harmony【答案】A7【分析】依照上下文可知此处表示是“很多人也已经理解了生活中的不确立性和挑战”，选项A“挑战”之意，切合语境。B项是“计划，日程表，时间表，进度表”；C项表示“时机，机会”；D项是“和睦，协调，和睦”之意。20.A.foundationB.versionC.proofD.comprehension【答案】C短文改错。SchoolEnglishDramaClubwasselectingactorsandactressesforthedramaTheMillionPoundBankNote.ItisfamousshortstorywritingbytheAmericanauthorMarkTwain.Theselection,thatisinthechargeofMrSmith,willbemadeattheschoolhallinMay20th,2018.Anystudentatourschoolwhomeetswiththefollowingcriteriawillbeofferedachancetobecomeanactororactress.Firstly,heorsheshouldlovecreativeandinterestedperformances.