基础医学专业英语单词汇总

--可修编可修编-系统与局部解剖学系解Aoticorifice主动脉口Coronaryartery冠状动脉Coronarysinus冠状窦Aortamoncarotidartery颈总动脉ExternalcarotidA颈外动脉SubclavianA锁骨下动脉MaxillaryA上颌动脉SuperficialtemporalA颞浅动脉VertebralA椎动脉InternalthoracicA胸廓动脉SuperiorthyroidA甲状腺上动脉AxillaryA腋动脉BrachialA肱动脉RadialA桡动脉UlnarA尺动脉Superior(deep)palmararch掌浅(深)弓Thoracicaorta胸主动脉LeftgastricA胃左动脉monhepaticA肝总动脉SplenicA脾动脉ObturatorA闭孔动脉CephalicV头静脉BasilicaV贵要静脉BrachiocephalicV头臂静脉ExternaliliacV髂外静脉Inferiorvenacava下腔静脉Hepaticportalvein肝门静脉Menisci半月板Obturatornerve闭孔神经Superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉Hypophysis垂体Sacralplexus骶丛Adductorbrevis短收肌momperonealnerve腓总神经Accessorynerve副神经Metaphysic干骺端Tendocalcaneus跟腱Femoraltriangle股三角Ulnarnerve尺动脉sinussinus窦Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉Secondaryportaloflive第二肝门Gastroemius腓肠肌Inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Celiactrunk腹腔干Olive橄榄Arcuateline弓状线Bicepsbrachii肱二头肌Phrenicocolicligament膈结肠韧带Cricoidarch环状软骨Tendinoussheath腱鞘Sympathictrunk交感干Cervicalplexus颈丛Venousvalve静脉瓣Subcostalnerve肋下神经Pharyngealtonsil咽扁桃体Thoracicduct胸导管Coccyx尾骨Greatercurvatureofstomach胃大弯Omentalbursa网膜囊Bipolarneuron双极神经元striatedmuscle横纹肌pectoralismagor胸大肌diaphragm膈inguinalligament腹股沟韧带caudaequnia马尾medullaoblongata延髓rigeminal三叉神经greatersplanchnicnerve脏大神经carpalcanal腕管palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜recotuterinepouch子宫直肠窝poplitealfossa腘窝costomediastinalrecess肋纵隔隐窝costodiaphragmaticrecess肋膈隐窝carotidsheath颈动脉鞘triangleofductusarteriosus动脉导管三角cornea角膜sclera巩膜iris虹膜pupil瞳孔choroidmembrane脉络膜. -. -可修编-. -. -可修编-retina视网膜rodcell视杆细胞conecell视锥细胞lens玻璃体sphincterpupillae瞳孔括约肌dilatorpupillae瞳孔开大肌ciliarybody睫状体opticdisc视神经盘maculalutea黄斑tympaniccavity鼓室bonylabyrinth骨迷路cristaampullaris壶腹嵴vestibule前庭bonysemicircularcanals骨半规管cochlea耳蜗membraneouslabyrinth膜迷路maculascoustic位觉斑cochlearduct蜗管graymatter灰质whitematter白质ganglion神经节cervical,thoracic,lumber,sacralnerve(plexus)颈胸腰骶phrenicnerve膈神经brachialplexus臂丛mediannerve正中神经thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经intercostalsnerves肋间神经subcostalnerve肋下神经femoralnerve股神经pudendalnerve阴部神经sciaticnerve坐骨神经tibialnerve胫神经monperonealnerve腓总神经musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经axillarynerve腋神经pyramid锥体decussationofpyramid锥体交叉olive橄榄pons脑桥midbrain中脑cerebralpeduncle大脑桥inferiorcerebellarpeduncle大脑下脚cranialN脑神经--可修编可修编-nucleusofoculomotornerve动眼神经accessorynucleus副神经核核E-Wnucleus动眼神经副核oculomotornerve动眼神经trochlearnerve滑车神经trigeminalnerve三叉神经ophthalmicnerve眼神经MaxillaryN上颌神经mandibularnerve下颌神经abducentN展神经hypoglossalN舌下神经facialnerve面神经olfactorynerve嗅神经opticN视神经cillaryganglion睫状神经节abducentnerve展神经hypoglossalnerve舌下神经vestibulocochlearN前庭蜗神经glossophryngealN舌咽神经superiorlaryngealN喉上神经hypoglossalnerve舌下神经nucleusambiguus疑核dorsalnucleusofvagusnerve迷走神经背核mediallemniscus侧丘系spinothalamictract(lemniscus)脊髓丘脑束corticospinaltract皮质脊髓束pyramidaltract锥体束superior(inferior)salivatorynucleus上(下)泌涎核nucleusofsolitarytract孤束核gracilenucleus薄束核fasciculusgracilis薄束cuneatenucleus楔束核fasciculuscuneatus楔束cerebellum小脑cerebellarhemisphere小脑半球diencephalon间脑dorsalthalamus背侧丘脑cerebralcortex大脑皮质basalnuclei基底核lateralventricle侧脑室corpuscallosum胼胝体frontal,temporal,occipital,parietallobe额，颞，枕，顶叶corpusstriatum纹状体association(missure)fibers联络(连合)纤维internalcapsule#spinalduramater硬脊膜arachnoidmate®网膜piamater软脑膜cavernoussinus海绵窦cerebralarterialcircle(williscycle)大脑动脉环spinalcord脊髓lumbosacralenlargement腰骶膨大conusmedullaris脊髓圆锥anteriorhorn(funiculus)前角(前索)posteriorhorn后角caudaequina马尾nucleusproprius后角固有核intermediolateralnucleus中间外侧核sacralparasympatheticnucleus骶副交感核tongue舌头lingualmuscle舌肌pharynx咽larynx喉laryngealcavity喉腔nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx咽喉pharyngealrecess咽隐窝pharyngealtensil咽扁桃体esophagus食管stomach胃pancreas胰腺pylorus幽门cardia贲门greatercurvatureofstomach胃大弯superiorduodenalflexure十二指肠上曲ligamentofTrei，tzsuspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指肠悬韧带duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum回肠vermiformappendix阑尾caecum盲肠colon结肠rectum直肠pancreas胰liver肝portahepatic肝门gallbladder胆囊fundusofgallbladder胆囊底colottriangle胆囊三角monbileduct胆总管urinarybladder膀胱renalsinus肾窦fissureofglottis声门裂trachea气管bronchus,bronchi支气管pleura胸膜pleuralcavity胸膜腔hilumoflung肺门kidney肾renalhilum肾门renalcortex肾实质renalmedulla肾髓质ureter输尿管uterus子宫trigoneofbladder膀胱三角deferentduct,ductusdeferens输精管spermaticcord精索maleurethra男性尿道ovary卵巢uterinetube输卵管fornixofvagina阴道穹atrium心房ventricle心室orificeofsuperiorvenacava上腔静脉口papillarymuscles乳头肌trabeculaecarneae肉柱oropharynx口咽papillae乳头状突起tonsil扁桃体angularincisure角切迹dentateline齿状线

conuselasticus弹性圆锥局解颈部Carotidtriangle颈动脉三角External(Internal)jugularvein颈外()静脉moncarotidartery颈总动脉Carotidsinus颈动脉窦Cervicalfascia劲筋膜Vagusnerve迷走神经Accessorynerve副神经Musculartriangle肌三角Thyroidgland甲状腺：Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经Parathyroidglands甲状旁腺Recurrentlaryngealnerve喉返神经Ansacervicalis颈袢Carotidsheath颈动脉鞘Triangleofvertebralartery椎动脉三角手部Palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜vocalligament声韧带Midpalmarspace掌中间隙Superficial(deep)palmararch掌浅(深)弓Thenarspace鱼际间隙Tendinoussheathsoffingers指腱鞘Vinculatendinum腱纽Palmarintermediateseptum掌中隔Ulnarbursa尺侧囊Carpalcanal腕管thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经Radialbursa桡侧囊腋窝、臂前区及前臂前区axillaryfossa腋窝musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经axillarylymphnodes腋淋巴结clavipectoralfascia锁胸筋膜trilateralforaman三边孔quadrilateralforaman四边孔mediannerve正中神经ulnarnerve尺神经Carpalcanal腕管thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经cubitalfossa肘窝poplitealfossa腘窝longthoracicnerve胸长神经cephalicvein头静脉basilicvein贵要静脉mediancubitalvein时正中静脉medianantebrachialvein前臂正中静脉brachialartery肱动脉deepbrachialartery肱深动脉臂后区、前臂后区及手背Humeromusculartunnel肱骨肌管Dorsalvenousreteofhand手背静脉网Extensorretinaculum伸肌支持带下肢Superior(inferior)glutealnerve臀上(下)神经Sciaticnerve坐骨神经Internalpudendalartery阴部动脉Lessersciaticforamen坐骨小孔Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉Fascialata阔筋膜Iliotibialtract髂胫束Saphenoushiatus隐静脉裂孔Lacunamusculorum肌腔隙Lacunavasorum血管腔隙femoraltriangle股三角femoralsheath股鞘Femoralcanal股管Adductorcanal(Huntercanal)收肌管Adductortendinousopening收肌腱裂孔Obturatorartery闭孔动脉Poplitealfossa腘窝Tibialnerve胫神经monperoneal(fibular)nerve腓总神经Superficial(deep)peronealnerve腓浅(深)神经saphenousnerve隐神经anterior(posterior)tibialartery胫前(后)动脉malleolarcanal踝管胸部Rootoflung肺根costodiaphragmatic665$肋膈隐窝Cupulaofpleura胸膜顶：Superiormediastinum上纵隔Azygosvein奇静脉Superiorvenacava上腔静脉Aorticarch主动脉弓Arterialligament动脉韧带Triangleofductusarteriosus动脉导管三角Greater(Lesser)splanchnicnerve脏大(小)神经thoracicduct胸导管结肠下区hepaticportavein肝门静脉suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指肠悬韧带majorduodenalpapilla十二指肠大乳头hepatopancreaticampulla肝胰壶腹superior(inferior)mesentericartery肠系膜上(下)动脉ileocecalvalve回盲瓣radixofmesentery小肠系膜根vermiformappendix阑尾colicmarginalartery边缘动脉腹膜后间隙renalpedicle肾蒂ureter输尿管renalhilum肾门renalfascia肾筋膜abdominalaorta腹主动脉inferiorvenacava下腔静脉lumbarsympathetictrunk腰交感干cisternachyli乳糜池腹前外侧壁parietalperitoneum壁腹膜sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌superficial(deep)inguinalring腹股沟浅(深)环inferiorepigastricartery腹壁下动脉inguinal1而门0匕腹股沟三角transversefascia腹横筋膜结肠上区hepaticpedicle肝蒂greater(lessor)omentum大(小)网膜monbileduct胆总管leftgastricartery胃左动脉calottriangle卡洛三角，胆囊三角subphrenicspace膈下间隙hepatoduodenalligament肝十二指肠韧portahepatis肝门celiactrunk腹腔干组织胚胎学基膜基膜桥粒腺上皮epithelium扁平/Histology 组织学Embryology 胚胎学Teratology 畸形学Staining染色Hematoxylin木精Eosin 伊红Section切片Smear 涂片Tissueculture组织培养Electronmicroscope电子显微镜Intercellularsubstance细胞间质Basophilia嗜碱Acidopilia嗜酸Epithelialtissue 上皮组织Endothelium 皮Mesothelium间皮Microvilli微绒毛Cilia纤毛BasementmembraneDesmosomeGlandularepitheliumSquamous/columnar柱状上皮Loose(dense)connectivetissue疏松(致密)结缔组织Collagenousfiber 胶原纤维Elasticfiber 弹性纤维Reticularfiber网状纤维Fibroblast成纤维细胞Fibrocyte 纤维细胞Macrophage巨噬细胞Leukocyte 白细胞Plasmacell 浆细胞Neutrophilicgranulocyte中性粒细胞Adiposetissue 脂肪组织Eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒细胞Groundsubstance 基质Basophilicgranulocyte嗜碱性粒细胞Mesenchyme间充质Monocyte 单核细胞Histamine组胺Lymphocyte 淋巴细胞Leukotriene 白三烯Bloodplatelet 血小板Proteoglycan蛋白多糖Hemopoieticstemcell造血干细胞Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Skeletalmuscle 骨骼肌Cartilage软骨Cardiacmuscle 心肌Chondrocyte 软骨细胞Smoothmuscle 平滑肌Perichondrium 软骨膜Myofibril 肌原纤维Osseoustissue 骨组织Intercalateddisk 闰盘Osteocyte 骨细胞Sarere 肌节Osteon 骨单位Sarcoplasm肌质Osteoblast 成骨细胞Thick(thin)myofilament粗(细)肌丝Osteoclast 破骨细胞Terminalcisterna终池Ossification 骨化Lipofuscin脂褐素Serum 血清Dendrite 树突Erythrocyte红细胞Axon 轴突Hemolysis溶血Dendriticspine树突棘Reticulocyte 网织红细胞Synapse突触

Astrocyte星形胶质细胞Epicardium心外膜Oilgodendrocyte少突胶质细胞Cardiacvalve心瓣膜Microglia小胶质细胞Bone-marrowdependentlymphocyteMyelinsheath髓鞘骨髓依赖淋巴细胞Myelinated(unmyelinated)nervefibe有lymphoidnodule淋巴小结（无）髓神经纤维paracorticalzone副皮质区Tactilecorpuscle触觉小体whitepulp白髓Ganglion神经节blood-thymusbarrier血-胸腺屏Nisslbody尼氏体障Neurofibril神经原纤维periarteriallymphaticsheath动脉Neuroglia神经胶质周围淋巴鞘Freenerveending游离神经末梢mononuclearphagocyticsystemMotorendplate运动终板单核吞噬细胞系统Epidermis表皮mucousmembrane粘膜Dermis真皮submucosa粘膜下层Hypodermis皮下组织tunicamuscularis肌层Sebaceousgland皮脂腺adventitia外膜Capillary毛细血管gastricgland胃底腺Sinusoid血窦parietalcell(oxynticcell)壁细胞Arteriole微动脉（盐酸细胞）Endocardium心膜mucous-HCO3-barrier黏液-碳酸氢Myocardium心肌膜盐屏障

absorptivecell吸收细胞proximal(distal)tubule近(远)端小管gobletcell杯状细胞thinsegment细段serousalveoli浆液性腺泡zonaglomerulosa球状带smallintestinalgland小肠腺zonafasciculate束状带pancreaticislet胰岛zonareticularis网状带hepaticsinusoid肝血窦hypophysis 脑垂体perisinusoidalspace窦周隙hypothalamus下丘脑liverlobule肝小叶adenohypophysis腺垂体bronchiole细支气管neurohypophysis神经垂体terminalbronchiole终末细支气管spermatogenesis精子发生respiratorybronchiole呼吸性细支气sustentacularcell支持细胞管spermatogeniccell生精细胞pulmonaryalveoli肺泡spermatozoa精子blood-airbarrier气血屏障blood-testisbarrier 血睾屏障alveolarseptum肺泡隔primaryfollicle初级卵泡renalcorpuscle肾小体secondaryfollicle次级卵泡glomerulus血管球ovulation排卵filtrationbarrier滤过屏障menstrualcycle月经周期podocyte足细胞corpusluteum黄体juxtaglomerularplex球旁复合体fertilization受精maculadensa致密斑cleavage 卵裂nephron肾单位blastocyst胚泡

implantation植入umbilicalcord脐带endoderm胚层chorion绒毛膜mesoderm中胚层placentalbarrier胎盘屏障ectoderm外胚层congenitalumbilicalhernia先天性脐embryonicdisk胚盘疝yolksac卵黄囊cleftlip唇裂neuraltube神经管foramenovale卵圆孔fetalmembrane胎膜tetralogyofFallot法洛四联症decidua蜕膜atrialseptaldefect房间隔缺损amnion羊膜生理学exocytosisexocytosis出胞Plasmamembrane质膜Biomembrane生物膜Simplediffusion单纯扩散Facilitateddiffusion易化扩散Facilitateddiffusionviacarrier经载体的易化扩散Facilitateddiffusionthroughionchannel经通道的易化扩散primaryactivetransport原发性主动转secondaryactivetransport继发性主动转运cotransport联合转运Passivetransport被动转运antiport逆向转运symport同向转运ionpump离子泵sodium-potassiumpump钠钾泵calciumpump钙泵--可修编-. -. -可修编-endocytosis入胞saltatoryconduction跳跃式传导trasmembranesignaltransduction跨膜信号转导trasmembranesignaling跨膜信号传递secondmessenger第二信使Restingpotential静息电位Hyperpolarization超极化depolarization去极化overshoot超射repolarization复极化equilibriumpotential平衡电位K+leakchannel钾漏通道Electrotonicpotential电紧电位Actionpotential动作电位Spikepotential峰电位After-potential后电位Afterdepolarization后去极化Thresholdintensity阈强度All-or-none全或无Inward(outward)current(外)向电流Thresholdpotential阈电位Localexcitation局部兴奋thresholdstimulus阈刺激excitability兴奋性close关闭activation激活inactivation失活excitablecell可兴奋细胞absoluterefractoryperiod绝对不应期relativerefractoryperiod相对不应期effectiverefractoryperiod有效不应期supranormalperiod超常期subnormalperiod低常期acetylcholine,Ach乙酰胆碱neuromuscularjunction神经-肌接头endplatepotential终板电位Sarere肌节Myofilamentslidingtheory肌丝滑行理论Excitation-contractioncoupling兴奋-收缩耦联Calcium-inducedCa2+release钙触发钙释放Isometriccontraction等长收缩Isotoniccontraction等收缩preload前负荷initiallength初长度optimallength最适初长度Afterload后负荷retanus强直收缩Inpletetetanus不完全强直收缩pletetetanus完全性强直收缩twitch单收缩contractility收缩能力或收缩性conductivity传导性sinusrhythm窦性节律inwardrectifierK+channel向整流钾通道fast（slow）responseactionpotential快（慢）反应动作电位actionpotentialduration,APD动作电位时程transientoutwardcurrent瞬时外向离子流plateau平台autorhythmiccel自律细胞diastolicdepolarization去极化pacemakercurrents搏电流resting备用（静息）activation激活inactivation失活effectiverefractoryperiod有效不应期prematuresystole期前收缩extrasystole期外收缩pensatorypause代偿间歇autorhythmicity自动节律性cardiacarrthythmia心律失常sinusrhythm窦性心律dominantpacemaker主导起搏点latentpacemaker潜在起搏点capture抢先占领overdrivesuppression超速驱动压抑conductivity传导性preferentialpathway优势传导通路functionalsyncytium功能合胞体electrocardiogramECG心电图atrioventriculardelay房室延搁gapjunction缝隙连接cardiaccycle心动周期systole收缩期diastole舒期isovolumiccontractionphase等容收缩期atrialsystole心房收缩期ventricularsystole心室收缩期rapidejectionphase快速射血期reducedejectionphase减慢射血期isovolumicrelaxationphase等容舒期rapidfillingphase快速充盈期reducedfillingphase减慢充盈期heartsound心音strokevolume每搏输出量，输出量ejectionfraction射血分数minutevolume每分输出量cardiacoutput心输出量cardiacindex心指数strokework每搏功，博功minutework每分功cardiacefficiency心脏的效率cardiacreserve心力储备inotropicstate变力状态homometricregulation等长调节heterometricautoregulation异长自身调节windkesselvessel弹性贮器血管precapillary（postcapillary）resistancevessel毛细血管前（后）阻力血管bloodflow血流量resistanceofbloodflow血流阻力bloodpressure血压meancirculatoryfillingpressure循环系统平均充盈压peripheralresistance外周阻力systolicpressure收缩压diastolicpressure舒压pulsepressure脉（搏）压meanarterialpressure平均动脉压arterialpulse动脉脉搏central（peripheral）venouspressure中心（外周）静脉压venousreturn静脉回心血量. -. -可修编可修编-microcirculation微循环arterialbaroreceptor动脉压力感受器setpoint调定点setpoint调定点脊液屏障interstitialfluid组织液effectivefiltrationpressure有效滤过压edema水肿lymph淋巴液positivechronotropicaction正性变时作用positivedromotropicaction正性变传导作用positive（negative）inotropicaction正（负）性变力作用tonus紧cardiacvagal（sympathetic）tone心迷走（交感）紧sympatheticvasoconstrictortone交感缩血管紧cardiovascularcen心血管中枢cardiovascularreflex心血管反射barorecepterreflex压力感受性反射depressorreflex降（减）压反射resetting重调定cardiopulmonaryreceptor心肺感受器chemoreceptor化学感受器integrationpattern整合型式rennin-angiotensinsystem肾素-血管紧素系统adrenaline肾上腺素noradrenalint甲肾上腺素vasopressinVP血管升压素antidiuretichormone抗利尿激素kallikrein-kininsystem激肽释放酶-激肽系统atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANP房钠尿肽coronary^^E他门冠脉循环pulmonarycirculation肺循环respiratorywavesofbloodpressure动脉血压的呼吸波hypoxicpulmonaryvasoconstriction低氧性肺血管收缩反应cerebralcirculation脑循环blood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier血-脑blood-brainbarrier血-脑屏障autoregulationofrenalbloodflow肾血流量的自身调节tubulo-glomerularfeedback,TGF管球反馈glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR肾小球滤过率renalplasmaflow,RPF肾血浆流量effectivefiltrationpressure有效滤过率filtrationmembrane滤过膜filtrationequilibrium滤过平衡filtrationcoefficientKf滤过系数reabsorption重吸收aquaporinAQP水孔蛋白renalglucosethreshold肾糖阈secretion分泌intercalatealcell闰细胞principalcell主细胞urearecycling尿素再循环clearance清除率renalbloodflowRBF肾血流量juxtaglomerularapparatus球旁器constantfractionalreabsorption定比重吸收glomerulotubularbalance球管平衡osmoticdiuresis渗透性利尿waterdiuresis水利尿renorenalreflex肾-肾反射micturtionreflex排尿反射scotopicvision晚光决,暗视觉photopicvision昼光觉,明视觉darkcurrent暗电流reducedeye简化眼nearreflexofpupil瞳孔近反射pupillaryacmodationreflex瞳孔调节反射pupillarylightreflett孔对光反射consensuallightrefleg感性对光反射convergence会聚convergencerefle辐辏反射errorofrefraction屈光不正myopia近视hyperopia远视astigmatism散光visualacuity视敏度,视力,视锐度visualfield视野darkadaptation暗适应lightadaptation明适应hearingthreshold听阈air(bone)conduction气(骨)传导travelingwavve行波endocochlearpotentialEP耳蜗电位endolymphaticpotential淋巴电位cochlearmicrophonicpotential耳蜗微音器电位haircel皮细胞vestibulaiautonomicreactionO庭自主神经反射门丫51@0^^5眼震颤tastebud®雷axoplasmictranspo轴浆运输trophicaction营养性作用synapse突触mobilization动员trafficking摆渡targeting停靠docking着位fusion融合exocytosis出胞postsynapsepotential突触后电位excitatory(inhibitory)postsynapsepotential,EPSP(IPSP)兴奋性(抑制)性性突触后电位neurotransmitter神经递质centralfacilitation中枢易化presynapticinhibition突触前抑制afferentcollateralinhibition传入侧支性抑制recurrentinhibition回返性抑制referredpain牵涉痛postsynaptic (presynaptic)inhibion(facilitation)突触后(前)抑制(易化)posttetanicpotentiation强直后增强habituation习惯化sensitization敏感化long-termpotentiation,LTP长时程增强--可修编可修编-synapticplasticity突触的可塑性plasticityofsynaptictransmission突触传递的可塑性long-termdepression,LTD长时程压抑varicosity曲体non-synapticchemicaltransmission非突触性化学传递neurotransmitter神经递质neuromodulator神经调度neurotransmittercoexistence递质共存reuptake重摄取ionotropicreceptor促离子型受体metabotropicreceptor促代型受体presynapticreceptor突触前受体acetylcholineAch乙酰胆碱cholinergicreceptor胆碱能受体norepinephrine,NE/noradrenaline,NA去甲肾上腺素epinephrine,adrenaline肾上腺素dopamineDA多巴胺serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT5-neuropeptide神经肽brain-gutpeptide脑-肠肽unconditionedreflex非条件反射conditionedreflex条件反射localcircuitneurons局部回路神经元localneuronalcircuit局部神经元回路divergentconnection辐散式联系convergentconnection聚合式联系feeebackregulation反馈调节finalmonpath最后通路motorunit运动单位stretchreflex牵反射tendonreflex腱反射（phasicstrechreflex位相性牵反射）muscletonus肌^（tonicstretchreflex紧性牵反射）kneejerk膝反射monosynapticreflex单突触反射polysynapticreflex多突触反射tendonorgan腱器官羟色胺spinalshock脊休克musclespindle羟色胺spinalshock脊休克posturalreflex姿势反射flexorreflex屈肌反射crossedextensorreflex对侧伸肌反射intersegmentalreflex节间反射decerebraterigidity去大脑僵直inhibitoryarea抑制区facilitatoryarea易化区attitudinalreflex状态反射rightingreflex翻正反射basalganglia基底神经节directpathway直接通路indirectpathway间接通路Parkinson’sdisease帕金森病（paralysisagitans震颤麻痹）statictremor静止性震颤Huntingtong’sdisease亨廷顿病（chorea舞蹈病）athetosis手足徐动症intentiontremor意向性震颤adiadochokinesia轮替运动不能cerebellarataxia小脑性共济失调visceralnervoussystem脏神经系统autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系统preganglionicfiber节前纤维parasympatheticnerve副交感神经hypothalamus下丘脑osmoreceptor渗透压感受器hypothalamicregulatorypeptide下丘脑调节肽biorhythm生物节律circadianrhythm日节律limbicsystem边缘系统instinctualbehavior本能行为feedingcenter摄食中枢satietycenter饱中枢emotion情绪fear恐惧rage发怒defensereaction防御反应fight-flightreaction格斗-防御反应bloodvolume血量specificgravity比重viscosity粘度--可修编-. -. -可修编-rouleauxrouleaux叠连residualvolumeRV残气量crystalosmoticpressure晶体渗透压colloidosmoticpressure胶体渗透压suspensionstability悬浮稳定性erythrocytesedimentationrateESR红细胞沉降率osmoticfragility渗透脆性intrinsicfactor因子plateletadhesion血小板粘附hemostasis止血bloodgroup血型bloodcoagulation血液凝固thrombin凝血酶fibrinogen纤维蛋白原intrinsicpathway源性凝血途径extrinsicpathway为原型凝血途径tissuefactorTF组织因子prothrombinaseplex凝血酶原复合物externalrespiration外呼吸pliance顺应性pulmonarysurfactant肺表面活性物质lungcapacity肺容量pulmonaryventilation肺通气量alveolarventilation肺泡通气量ventilation/perfusionratio通气/血流比值oxygensaturationofblood血液的氧饱和度oxygendissociationcurv氧解离曲线slowwavepotential1波电位gastrointestinalhormone胃肠激素brain-gutpeptide脑肠肽pancreaticamylase胰淀粉酶enterohepaticcirculationofbilesalt胆盐的肝肠循环segmentationcontraction分节运动peristalsis蠕动energymetabolism能量代adenosinetriphosphate,ATP三磷酸腺苷thermalequiavalentoffood食物的热价tidalvolumeTV潮气量respiratoryquotientRQ呼吸商basalmetabolicrateBMR基础代率rectaltemperature直肠温度circadianrhythm昼夜节律或日节律biologicalclock生物钟insensibleperspiration不显汗sensibleevaporation可感蒸发evokedcorticalpotential皮层诱发电位electroencephalogramEEG脑电图ascendingreticularactivatingsystem网状结构上行激动系统slowwavesleepSWS慢波睡眠paradoxicalsleepPS异相睡眠rapideyemovementsleepREM快速眼球运动睡眠dominanthemisphere优势半球steroidhormone类固醇激素affinity亲和力hypothalamus-adenohypophysistargetglandaxis下丘脑-腺垂体-靶腺轴growthhormonereleasinghormone,GHRH生长激素释放激素somatostatin生长抑素thyrotropin-releasinghormone,TRH促甲状腺激素释放激素corticotrophin-releasinghormone,CRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素gonadotropin-releasinghormone,GnRH促性腺激素释放激素prolactin,PRL催乳素growthhormone,GH/somatotropin生长激素thyroid-stimulatinghormone,TSH/thyrotropin促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotropichormone,ACTH/adrenocorticotropin促肾上腺皮质激素follicle-stimulatinghormone.FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizinghormone,LH黄体生成素melanophore-stimulatinghormoneMSH促黑激素vasopressinVP血管升压素（@门加诂制七hormone）

oxytocinOT缩宫素（催产素）thyroxine甲状腺素insulin胰岛素glucocorticoid糖皮质激素testosterone睾酮Proprioception 本体感觉Enterokinase肠激酶Cholinergicneuron胆碱神经元Muscarinicreceptor毒蕈碱受体Polyuria多尿Reflexarc反射弧Sensorimotorarea感觉运动区Tetrodotoxin河豚毒Erythropoietin 红细胞生成素Bradykinin 缓激肽Patchclamp 膜片钳Cerebrospinalfluid脑脊液Endothelin 皮素visceralsensation脏感觉cortisol皮质醇airconduction气传导pneumothorax气胸colorblindness色盲upregulation上调coretemperature深部温度inspiratorycapacity,IC深吸气量nerveimpulse神经冲动neurosecretion神经分泌physiologicaldeadspace生理无效腔ghrelin生长素elasticresistance弹性阻力conditionedstimulus条件刺激agony痛苦extrinsicpathway外源性凝血途径peripheralchemoreceptor外周化学感受器peripheralvenouspressure外周静脉压gestation味觉inspiration吸气intracellularfluid细胞液extracellularfluid细胞外液digestion消化downregulationdigestion消化--可修编可修编-extinction消退cardiacremodeling心脏重构thoracicbreathing胸式呼吸olfaction嗅觉hemodynamics血流动力学hematocrit血细胞比容platelet血小板plateletaggregation血小板聚集bloodviscosity血液粘滞度folicacid叶酸ectopicpacemaker异位起搏点tropomyosin原肌球蛋白positivenitrogenbalance正氮平衡positivefeedback正反馈centralvenouspressure中心静脉压病理学病理学pathology遗传病理学geneticpathology临床病理讨论会clinicalpathological损伤injuryconference自溶autolysis活体组织检查biopsy萎缩atrophy尸体剖检autopsy自噬泡autophagicvacuoles器官病理学 organpathology自噬溶酶体autolysosmes细胞病理学cellularpathology残留体residualbody超微病理学ultrastructuralpathology变性degeneration分子病理学molecularpathology混浊肿胀cloudyswelling免疫病理学immunopathology水变性hydropicdegeneration空泡变性vacuolardegeneration脂肪变性fattydegeneration透明变性 hyalinedegeneration吞饮作用pinocytosis纤维素样变性fibrinoiddegeneration粘液样变性mucoiddegeneration粘液mucin类粘液mucoid粘液水肿myxedema淀粉样变amyloidosis含铁血黄素hemosiderin胆红素 bilirubin脂褐素lipofuscin黑色素 melanin病理性钙化pathologicalcalcification营养不良性钙化dystrophiccalcification坏死necrosis核浓缩pyknosis核碎裂karyorrhexis核溶解 karyolysis失活组织 devitalizedtissue凝固性坏死coagulationnecrosis干酪性坏死caseation液化性坏死liquefactionnecrosis溶解坏死 lyticnecrosis脂肪坏死 fatnecrosis坏疽gangrene湿性坏疽 moistgangrene干性坏疽 drygangrene气性坏疽 gasgangrene机 化 organization代 偿 pensation适 应 adaptation再 生 regeneration修 复 repair肉芽组织granulationtissue瘢痕组织scarorcicatrix包裹encapsulation创伤愈合woundhealing一(二)期愈合healingbyfirst(second)intention痂下愈合healingunderscab化生metaplasia肠上皮化生intestinalmetaplasia充 血 hyperemia淤血congestion出 血 hemorrhage淤 点 petechiae淤 斑 ecchymoses血栓形成thrombsis血 栓thrombus再 通recanalization弥漫性血管凝血disseminatedintravascularcoagulation(DIC)栓子embolus栓 塞embolism梗 死infarction贫血性梗死anemicinfarct出血性梗死hemorrhagicinfarct水 肿edema全身性水肿anasarca腹 水 ascites胸腔积水hydrothorax心包腔积液hydropericardium炎症inflammation变质alteration炎症介质inflammatorymediator血管活性胺vasoactiveamines组织胺histamine5-羟色胺(血清素)5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)激肽kinin激肽原酶 kallikrein激肽原 kininogen缓激肽bradykinin舒血管肽kallidin补体系统plementsystem前列腺素 prostaglandin渗出 exudation渗出液 exudate漏出液 transudate白细胞游出emigration趋化性chemotaxis吞噬作用phagocytosis调理素opsonin调理素化opsonization表面吞噬作用surfacephagocytosis增生proliferation--可修编-髓样癌髓样癌medullarycarcinoma 风湿病rheumatism--可修编-超急性炎症peracuteinflammation急/慢/亚急性炎症acute/chronic/subacuteinflammation菌血症 bacteremia毒血症 toxemia败血症septicemia脓毒血症pyemia浆液性炎serousinflammation纤维素性炎fibrinousinflammation化脓性炎purulentinflammation脓肿abscess化脓suppuration蜂窝织炎phlegmonousinflammation出血性炎hemorrhagicinflammation卡他性炎catarrhalinflammation肉芽肿性炎granulomatousinflammation炎性肉芽肿inflammatorygranuloma炎性息肉inflammationpolyp肿 瘤 tumor肿 瘤 neoplasia原位癌carcinomainsitu组织发生histogenesis异型性atypia多形性 pleomorphism间变 anaplasia转移metastasis恶 病 质 cachexia癌 症 carcinoma肉 瘤 sara癌cancer乳头状瘤 papilloma腺瘤 adenoma囊腺瘤 cystadenoma多形性腺瘤pleomorphicadenoma鳞状细胞癌squamouscellcarcinoma基底细胞癌basalcellcarcinoma移行上皮癌transitionalcellcarcinoma腺癌adenocarcinoma粘液样癌mucoidcarcinoma实体癌solidcarcinoma(carcinomasolidum)单纯癌 simplecarcinoma硬癌scirrhouscarcinoma类癌类癌carcinoid嗜银细胞瘤argentaffintumorAPUD瘤APUDoma非典型增生dysplasia,atyicalhyperplasia纤维瘤fibroma脂肪瘤lipoma血管瘤hemangioma淋巴管瘤lymphangioma平滑肌瘤 leiomyoma纤维肉瘤fibrosara脂肪肉瘤 liposara横纹肌肉瘤rhabdomyosara骨肉瘤osteosara恶性血管皮瘤malignanthemangioendothelioma恶性血管外皮瘤malignanthemangiopericytoma胶质瘤glioma脑膜瘤meningioma畸胎瘤teratoma风湿热rheumaticfever阿少夫小体Aschoffbody阿少夫细胞Aschoffcell风湿性全心炎rheumaticpancarditis风湿性心膜炎rheumaticendocarditis疣状赘生物verrucousvegetation风湿性心肌炎rheumaticmyocarditis风湿性心外膜炎rheumaticpericarditis缩窄性心包炎constrictivepericarditis风湿性关节炎rheumaticarthritis皮下结节subcutaneousnodules细菌性心膜炎bacterialendocarditis溃疡性心膜炎ulcerousendocarditis恶急性细菌性心膜炎subacutebacterialendocarditis心瓣膜病valvulardiseaseoftheheart瓣膜关闭不全valvularinsufficiency瓣膜口狭窄valvularstenosis二尖瓣狭窄mitralstenosis二尖瓣关闭不全mitralinsufficiency高血压病hypertension原发性高血压essentialhypertension症状性高血压symptomatichypertension良(恶)性高血压benign(malignant)hypertension动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis心绞痛anginapectoris心肌梗死myocardialinfarct心肌软化cardiacmyomalacia室壁瘤ventricularaneurysm附壁血栓形成muralthrombosis心肌硬化cardiacmyosclerosis心肌病cardiomyopathy心肌炎myocarditis先天性心脏病congenitalheartdisease慢性支气管炎chronicbronchitis肺气肿emphysema肺源性心脏病Corpulmonale透明膜 hyalinemembrane肺炎 pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobarpneumonia小叶性肺炎lobularpneumonia(brochopneumonia)支原性肺炎mycoplasmalpneumonia原发性非典型性肺炎primaryatypicalpneumonia(PAP)支气管扩症bronchiectasis肺萎陷atelectasis尘 肺 pneumoconiosis矽 肺silicosis石棉肺asbestosis间皮瘤Mesothelioma鼻咽癌nasopharyngealcarcinoma肺癌carcinomaofthelung燕麦细胞癌oatcellcarcinoma慢性胃炎chronicgastritis慢性表浅性胃炎chronicsuperficialgastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronicatrophicgastritis慢性肥厚性胃炎chronichypertrophicgastritis消化性溃疡pepticulcer胃泌素瘤胃泌素瘤gastrinoma 胃癌carcinomaofstomach--可修编-胃泌素瘤胃泌素瘤gastrinoma 胃癌carcinomaofstomach--可修编-阑尾炎appendicitis恶性淋巴瘤malignantlymphoma急性单纯性阑尾炎acutesimple何杰金氏病Hodgkin'sdiseaseappendicitis非何杰金氏淋巴瘤non-Hodgkin's急性蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎acutelymphomaphlegmonousappendicitis白血病leukemia急性坏疽性阑尾炎acutegangrnous绿色瘤chloromaappendicitis恶性组织细胞增生症malignant病毒性肝炎virushepatitishistiocytosis气球样变 ballooningdegeneration血管间质mesangium嗜酸性坏死acidophilicnecrosis免疫复合物immuneplex毛玻璃样细胞"groundglass"急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎acutehepatocytesdiffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis碎片状坏死piecemealnecrosis急性肾炎综合症acutenephritic桥接坏死bridgingnecrosissyndrome肝硬化cirrhosisofliver管型cast,cylinder门脉性肝硬变portalcirrhosis新月体性肾小球肾炎crescentic门脉高压portalhypertensionglomerulonephritis脾肿大splenomegaly膜性肾小球肾炎membranous坏死后肝硬变postnecroticcirrhosisglomerulonephritis胆汗性肝硬变biliarycirrhosis肾病综合症nephroticsyndrome食管癌carcinomaofesophagus血管间质毛细血管性肾小球肾炎--可修编可修编-mesangiocapillaryglomerulonephritis轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minimalchangeglomerulonephritis脂性肾病lipoidnephrosis足突病footprocessdisease慢性肾小球肾炎chronicglomerulonephritis颗粒状固缩肾granularcontractedkidney尿毒症uremia肾细胞癌renalcellcarcinoma肾母细胞瘤nephroblastoma