高中英语选修7语言知识梳理与高考链接

高中英语选修7语言知识梳理与高考链接第一部分重点单词(adj.)有益的[重点用法]benefitv.&n.有助于；受益；利益，好处bebeneficialtosth./sb.对……有益 beofbenefitto对……有益forthebenefitof为了……(的利益)benefitfrom从……中受益[拓展]1)Atemperateclimateisbeneficialtothehealth;温和气候有利于健康.2)Sunshineisbeneficialtoplants.阳光对植物有益。adapt(v.)使适应;改编Adj.adaptable[拓展]adapt(oneself)tosth.适应某物adapt…to…使……适应……adaptsth.forsth.fromsth.根据某事将……改编成……beadaptedfrom…由……改编1)Youshouldadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.你应该适应新环境。【高考链接】Itisntsocially____________forparentstoleavechildrenunattendedatthatage.[2022山东卷]A．accessibleB．adorableC．adaptableD．acceptable【解析】D。有句意知D正确。accessn.（接近的）方法；通路；可接近性[拓展]accessibleadj.易接近的,可到达的,accessibleto(prep.)【高考链接】Frankputthemediocreinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbe_______tothekids.[2022江西]A.accessibleB.relativeC.acceptableD.sensitive【答案】A【解析】本题考查形容词的辨析。Beaccessibleto为……能够接近；berelativeto和……有关系；beacceptableto为……所接受；besensitiveto对……敏感,易接受。suitableadj.适合的,适当的;4.desiren.渴望vt.想要[拓展]desiresth.渴望得到某物desiretodosth.希望/渴望做某事desirethatsb.(should)do要求……haveadesireforsth./todosth.渴望得到某物/希望做某事atone’sdesire照某人的希望1)Wealldesirehappinessandhealth.我们都希望幸福健康。2)Everyonehasadesireforsuccess,butnoeveryonedesiretogetrich.每个人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金钱。3)Hedesiresyoutogotoseehimatonce.他要求你马上去见他。【高考链接】Weareatyourservice.Don’t_______toturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.[2022福建]A.begB.hesitateC.desireD.seek【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beg：乞求，乞讨，恳求；hesitate：犹豫，踌躇；desire：欲望；愿望；seek：试图，要求。题干意思是：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B。5.abandon(vt)放弃；遗弃(n)放任，放纵；无拘无束[重点用法]abandononeselftosth./doingsth.沉溺于abandon…tosb．把……舍弃给…withabandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地~oneselfto沉湎于，放纵(1)He~edhimselftogrief.他陷入悲痛之中。with~恣意地；放肆地~ed被抛弃的；废弃的~ment(n)离弃；遗弃；放弃[典例]Weshouldkeepoffthosewhoabandonthemselvestodrugs．我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。Don'twastethefoodleft,andabandonittothedog．不要浪费剩下的食物，把它舍弃给狗吃。6.aware(adj)意识到的；知道的be/become~of(beconsciousof)对……知道/明白；意识到makesb~ofsth让某人明白某事[典例]Idon’tthinkyou’re~ofhowimportantthismeanstome.7.relevant(adj)→relevantly(adv)“有关的，有实际价值(重要性)的”反义词：irrelevant★berelevantto“与……有关”=beconnectedwithhavesthtodowith这种工作与性别无关。Theworkofthiskindisnotrelevanttosex.这类课程与当今的社会问题的关系而论已毫无实际价值。Thetypeofthecourseisnolongerrelevanttotoday’ssocialproblem.8.otherwise(adv.＆conj.)“用别的方法,其他方面;否则,不然(or)”Heisslow,butotherwiseheisagoodworker.Seizethechance,otherwise(or)youwillregretit.祈使句,and(or,otherwise)+简单句(简单句常用将来时)【高考链接】MyfriendMartinwasverysickwithastrangefever;_______,hecouldneithereatnorsleep.[2022江西] A．asaresult B．afterall C．anyway D．otherwise【解析】A。(1)调节/调整(使适合)Imustadjustmywatch;it’sslow.Yourcollarneedadjusting.整理(2)使适应/适应Ittookherquitealongtimetoadjusttolivingaloneinaforeigncountry.近义词：adaptto其中to是介词，后接v-ing形式类似的短语：devote…to/bedevotedto,makecontributionsto,be/getusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,stickto,objectto,inadditionto,onthewayto,turnto,belongto,replyto,seeto(负责，照看)等vt.推荐；建议[拓展]recommendationn.推荐，介绍(信)，劝告，建议onone'srecommendation经某人介绍followsb．’srecommendations听从某人的劝告recommendation(s)for．……的推荐write／givesb．arecommendation为某人写推荐信／介绍信1)该词意为“建议”时，后接doing，不接不定式，和可接复合宾语，或接虚拟语气从句。①recommenddoingHerecommendabookonEnglishstudytome.recommend②recommendsbtodosth③recommendthat从句（用虚拟语气）Irecommendbuyingthisdictionary.n.代替者；代用品vt.用……代替……substituteAforB用A代Bsubstitutesb.by[with]another用别人接替某人[典例]1)Inmodernsociety,peopleaccepttouseplasticsasasubstituteforsteel2)Inmodernsociety,peoplesubstituteplasticforsteel.在现代社会中人们用塑料做钢的代用品3)Hesubstitutedasthetypistintheoffice.他代替做这个办公室的打字员。vt.承认；确认；答谢It's(universally)acknowledgedthat………是大家所公认的acknowledge(doing)sth/that(从句)．承认(做了)某事/承认……复合结构：(承认某人／某物为……)acknowledgesb.(sth．)+n．/as+n．/+tobe+n．acknowledgetheapplause谢幕acknowledgeafavor／help答谢所受到的关照／帮助1)WhenaskedaboutthereceiptofTom’sletter，heacknowledgedit.当问到是否收到汤姆的信件，他承认收到了。2）Hewasacknowledgedwithapresentforhislongservicewiththecompany．在公司服务多年，他因此受到表扬。13.contradictvt.反驳；反对；否认;与...矛盾contradictionn.矛盾，反驳contradictoryadj.相矛盾的contradictoneself自相矛盾1)Youractionscontradictyourdeclaredmoralprinciples.你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。2)Theboywasveryangryandcontradictedhisteacherinpublic.男孩非常生气,当众反驳了他的老师。3)Thereportscontradicteachother.这些报告相互矛盾。14.abundantadj.丰富的,充裕的,beabundantin=berichin富有……abundancen.大量，丰富,充裕inabundance大量,丰足anabundanceof大量的1)anabundantyear丰年2)alifeofabundance富裕的生活3)anabundanceofsunshine充足的阳光4)Theregionisabundantinwildlife.这个地区野生动物极多.第二部分重点词组inotherwords换句话说[典例]1)Youcanstayathomeandneedn’tcomehereanylonger.Inotherwords,youarefired.你可以在家呆着以后都不用来了。也就是说，你被解雇了。2)Hefoundhisfirstjob.Inotherwords,heneedn’tdependonhisfatheranymore.他找到了他的第一份工作，换句话说，他再也不用依靠他父亲了。[短语归纳]inaword=inoneword总而言之inwords用语言haveawordwithsb.与某人谈话havewordswith与某人争吵【高考链接】Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but_______IenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.[2022浙江]A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhandC.foronethingD.asamatteroffact【解析】B。cutout切掉,删掉[短语归纳]cutdown砍倒;削减,压缩cutup切[破]碎cutoff切断,停掉;隔绝,挡住[典例]1)Icutthisarticleoutofthenewspaper.我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。2)Desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。3)Thefloodcutofftheirsupplies.洪水切断了他们的供养。outofbreath上气不接下气[短语归纳]holdone’sbreath屏息catchone’sbreath松一口气takeadeepbreath深深地吸了一口气outofcontrol失控outofsight看不见outoforder坏了outofreach够不着[典例]1)Hebecameoutofbreathafterrunningbacktotheclassroom.跑回教室后他变得上气不接下气。2)Heranasfastashecouldandfinallycaughtupwithhisteacherbutgotoutofbreath.他飞快地跑着，最终追上了他的老师可是已经上气不接下气。4.aswellas也,又;和……一样好(可连接并列的名词,代词,形容词,动词,介词短语等;注意:连接两谓语时,两动词的时态要保持一致)[短语归纳]asgoodas和...一样好aswell也,又(常做状语),相当于too;also[典例]1)Shecansingaswellashersister.她唱得和她姐姐一样好。2)Hedirectedaswellasactinthefilm.他导演了这部影片并且在里边扮演了角色。3)Iamgoingtostudyabroadandmybrotherisgoingaswell.我要到国外留学，我弟弟也要去。4)Hisstoryisasgoodasaplay.他的故事很有趣。【高考链接】Everythingwasperfectforthepicnic______theweather.[2022浙江卷]A.inplaceofB.aswellasC.exceptforD.incaseof【解析】C。boundto一定做……Wemissedthebus.We'reboundtobelate.我们错过了那趟车，我们肯定要迟到了。She'sboundtobemayor.她注定会成为市长。[练习]他那么用功，一定会成功的。_____________________________________________________________Keys:Withmuchhardwork,heisboundtosucceed.6.sortout整理；挑出;解决(问题／困难)[短语归纳]sortthrough查看并挑选出putaway把……存放好[典例]1)I'vesortedoutthepapersthatcanbethrownaway．我已经把那些可以扔掉的报纸整理出来了。2)We'vegotafewlimeproblemstosortout．我们有几个小问题要解决。3)Hewassortingthroughapileofpapersonhisdesk他在整理桌上的一堆文件。7.helpout帮助……（摆脱困难或危难）；协助；使……脱离困境[短语归纳]helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事withthehelpof在...的帮助下,借助helponeselfto请随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)can'thelpdoingsth禁不住can'thelpbutdosth只得；不得不eg。1)Canyouhelpmeoutwiththemathsproblem?你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?2)Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish．随便吃点鱼。3)Shecan'thelplaughing．她忍不住大笑起来。4)Ican'thelpbutwait．我只得等。fromsb=receiveone’sletterAllhisfamilyjumpedwithjoywhenheheardfromShandongUniversity.当他收到山东大学的来信的时候,他们全家高兴得跳了起来.hearofsb/sth听人说起过某人或某物hearabout听到关于dyingtodo迫切希望做某事bedyingforsth渴望得到某物(1).中国人渴望发展经济.TheChinesepeoplearedyingtodeveloptheeconomy.(2).ThechildrenaredyingfortheChristmasgifts.拓展dieof/from因…而死diea…death死得…dieout(动.植物)灭绝;(风俗,习惯等)消失dieoff(家庭,种族等)相继死亡dieaway(声音,光线)逐渐平息,减弱diedown(火,兴奋)渐弱,渐息otherday前几天，不久前某一天everyotherday每隔一天，每两天

1）Hefallsicktheotherday.前几天他得病了。

2）Themilkmancomeseveryotherday.送牛奶的人每隔一天来一次。

3）Thepostmancomeseveryotherday.邮递员每隔一天来一次。

4）Thecandidatewearefavourforwasputintheotherday.我们支持的这个候选人不久前当选了。

5）Thepolicepulledhimintheotherday.警察不久前逮捕了他。

6）Wecomeacrossherattheexhibitiontheotherday.前几天我们在展览会上碰见了她。

有关短语：somedayorother迟早，theotherworld来世

itup保持优秀成绩；继续干下去Welldone，andkeepitup，Tom!干得好，汤姆，再接再厉![短语归纳]keepone'shead/temper保持冷静/强压怒火keepaschool/afamily/adiary开办学校/养家活口/写日记keepone'sword；keepstoone'spromise履行诺言keepthelaw守法keepintouchwith与……保持联系keepaneyeon…照看，密切注视；提示keepupwith跟上；保持同步水平不落后；keepawayfrom(常与from连用)远离；不接触；keeptosth．信守；坚持；坚守；不违背(诺言、计划等)；keep…from(doing)stll．避开；禁止；克制；12;asfarasoneisconcerned就……而言AsfarasIamconcerned，Ican'tobjecttoyourmarriage．就我(个人)而言，我不反对你们的婚事。AsfarasEnglishisconcerned，heisthebestinourclass．就英语学习方面来说，他是我们班最优秀的。[短语归纳]as／solongas只要;像……一样长；assoonas…·就…；asmuchas尽量多地；asfaras远到；就…to过去常常，beusedtodo被用来做beusedtodoing习惯于up(1)占去时间/精力Writingtakesupmostofhissparetime.Itwon’ttakeupmuchtime.(2)占据空间（面积）Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.(3)继续，接下去I’lltakeupthestorywhereIfinishedyesterday.(4)开始从事Shetookuppaintingwhenshewasafive-year-oldgirl.短语：takeback收回takein吸收，欺骗takeoff起飞，成名，脱掉（衣服，鞋帽等）take…forgranted认为…理所当然takeaway带走takedown拆掉takeover接管takeplace发生takeon呈现，雇佣takepartin参加takeiteasy别紧张【高考链接】Wetriedtofindatableforseven，huttheywereall.[2022安徽]

A.givenawayB.keptawayC.takenupD.usedup

【解析】C。本题考察动词短语的区别.giveaway泄露,捐赠.keepaway,控制在外.takeup占据.useup用光,用尽.

第三部分．重点句型1.IttookoverhalfanhourtogettheboatbacktoJames.用了半个多小时的时间才把船划回到詹姆斯身边。这是一个Ittakes(sb.)sometime/sth.todosth.的固定句式，take意为“花费、需要”，take前也可用具体名词作主语。Ittakeshimthreehourstodohishomeworkeveryday.他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。Ittakes(sb.)sometime/sth.todosth.的固定句式，take意为“花费、需要”，take前也可用具体名词作主语。Ittakeshimthreehourstodohishomeworkeveryday.他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。IttakesquiteabitoftimetogetfromLondontoGlasgow.

从伦敦到格拉斯哥要花很多时间.2.Sheisproudtohavetakenpartincompetitionsandtohavebrokenarecordbyrunningtwolaps(800metres)thisyear.她很骄傲她参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录。[解释]tohavetakenpartin…为不定式的完成时，表示的动作在谓语动作前发生，意为“已经做了”。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.对不起，让你等了那么久。AIDSissaidtohavebeenthebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.据说，在过去的几年里，爱滋病已经成为那个地区男性以及女性的最大的健康隐【高考链接】1.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.（2022安徽）A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced【答案】Cbody.在电影《黑皮书》中，那个上尉无法找到一个可以理解他的朋友。3.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.接受他们的现状，并给他们予鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。[解释]…toliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.具有以下结构“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as”表示像……一样的……”[典例]MaryisasfriendlyagirlasJulie.Mary和Julie一样友好Ihavenevermetwithascleveraboyasheisbefore,whohasreallyimpressedmeagreatdeal.我从来没见过像他一样聪明的男孩,他的确给我留下了非常深刻的印象.【高考链接】Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_______accordingtohimself.[2022安徽]A.JivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas【答案】B4.Clairedidn’twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离加三周的这个期间。但是，克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。[解释]tobeharmed：动词不定式的被动语态。1)AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.所有的这些礼物必须及时邮寄，以便在圣诞节及时收到。2)ItremainstobeseenwhetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。【高考链接】Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.（09山东）A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding【答案】A考查非谓语动词的用法，由nextmonth可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。5.Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.当他转过身时，（她发现）Gladys站在那儿。[解释]therestoodGladysClaffern倒装句。在谓语为动词go,come,run,stand,live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there,here,up,down,in,out,away等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；若是代词，则不用倒装。[典例]1)Therecomestheteacherandherstudents.老师和她的学生们来了。2)Outrushedtheboys.男孩们冲了出去。6.Asimovbeganhavingstoriespublishedinsciencefictionmagazinesin年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表文章。[解释]havesth.done表示“请某人做某事”，或“遭遇到某事”(宾语与宾补为被动关系)havesb.do让某人做……havesb./sth.doing让……不停地做……[典例]1)Wehadourphototakenbyapasser-by.我们请了个过路人给我们照相。2)Becareful.It’seasytohaveyourpocketpickedinacrowdlikethis.小心点，在这样的人群中容易被偷。3)Thecoachhasusdoingthesamethingallday.It’sboring.教练让我们整天做同样的事情，真乏味4)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeoneshowyoutheway.既然你以前没去过，那我找人带你去。7.Teacrossvt.碰到(遇到,无意中发现)

She,cameacrosssomeoldphotographsinadrawer.

她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片.Incarryingouttheplanweareboundtocomeacrossdifficulties,butwearedeterminedtoovercomethemall.

我们在实行这个计划时必然会遇到困难，但我们有决心把它们一一克服。I,cameacrossanoldschoolfriendinOxfordStreetthismorn