大学英语新理念综合教程unit1

大学英语新理念综合教程BookI教研室：大学英语教研室教师姓名：课程名称大学英语授课专业和班级10级授课内容UnitOneCollegeLife授课学时8教1.Getthemeaningsofsomenewwordsandexpressions.2.Graspthemainideaofthetexts学3.SpotlightonGrammar:KnowtheEnglishvowelsandverbtenses..目4.AppliedWriting:WriteaNotice（通知）的1.Expresstheirfeelingsofcollegelife.2.Describethecampusandtheactivitiesatcollege.教学3.Someimportantwordandphrases.重点教学Student-orientedcommunicativeteaching,freediscussionandinteraction.方法SectionI教Lead-in(2hours)AWatching&ListeningBSpeakingSectionIIReadingTextA&B(4hours)SectionIIIPracticalWriting(1/2hour)SectionIVExercises(1.5hour)学过程作Assignhomework:1.RetelltextA.2.Translationandafter-classreading.3.综合业实训第一单元练习辅助手段Taperecorder/Computer1SectionILead-inWatching/Speaking/ListeningCinemaTime(Orlistentothetape)LegallyBlondeLegallyBlondeisa2001AmericancomedyfilmdirectedbyRobertLuketic,writtenbyKarenMcCullahLutzandKirstenSmith,andproducedbyMarcE.Platt.ItstarsReeseWitherspoonasabubbly,outgoingsororitygirlwhostrugglestowinbackherex-boyfriendbyprovingthatsheis"serious"enoughtoearnalawdegree,alongwithLukeWilsonasayoungattorneyshemeetsduringherstudies,MatthewDavisastheex-boyfriend,andSelmaBlairashisnewfiancée.ThescreenplayisbasedonthenovelofthesamenamebyAmandaBrown.Lutzbasedthefilm'ssorority([美][səˈrɔrɪti,-ˈrɑr-]妇女联谊会,女学生联谊会)cultureonherownexperiencesatJamesMadisonUniversity.ThefilmwasreleasedonJuly13,2001andreceivedgenerallypositivereviews.ItwasnominatedforaGoldenGlobeAwardforBestMotionPicture:MusicalorComedy[2])andranks29thonBravo's2007listof"100Funniest(最佳音乐/喜剧片Movies".Forherperformance,WitherspoonwasnominatedforBestActress–MotionPictureMusicalorComedyandthe2002MTVMovieAwardforBestFemalePerformance.Thefilm'sbox-officesuccessledtoa2003sequel,LegallyBlonde2:Red,White&Blonde,anda2009direct-to-DVDspin-off,LegallyBlondes.PlotInhersenioryearasaSouthernCaliforniacollegestudent,girlishsororitypresidentElleWoods(Witherspoon)majorsinfashionmerchandisingandisseriouslyinlovewithherboyfriend,WarnerHuntingtonIII(Davis),whowillattendHarvardLawSchoolnextyear.Sheexcitedlyexpectshimtoaskhertomarryhim,butinsteadhebreaksupwithher,sayingheneedsamore"serious"girlfriendforhislegalandpoliticalcareer.DesperatetowinWarnerback,Ellestudiesforandpassesthelaw-schoolentranceexam,appliestoHarvard,andisaccepted.AtHarvard,herfellowstudentslookdownonherandWarnerisengagedtoanotherstudent,VivianKensington(Blair).TheonlyfriendEllemakesisPaulette(Coolidge),herdivorcedmanicurist.([美][ˈmænɪˌkjʊrɪst]指甲修饰师)WhenViviantricksElleintoattendingapartyinaPlayboyBunnycostume,EllehasadiscussionwithWarnerandfinallyrealizeshewillneverrespecther.Nowdeterminedtosucceedonherown,EllestudieshardandwinsaninternshipwithProfessorCallahan(Garber),asdoWarnerandVivian.TheywillworkwithCallahanandanassociate,attorneyEmmettRichmond(Wilson),todefendBrookeTaylor-Wyndham(Larter),afamousfitnessinstructor2accusedofmurderingherbillionairehusband,HayworthWyndham.BrookewasonceElle'sfitnessinstructorandamemberofhersorority.EllebelievesBrookeisinnocent,butBrooke’sstepdaughter,Chutney(Cardellini),andthehousehold"cabanaboy",Enrique(Serano),claimthattheysawBrookestandingoverWyndham'sdeadbody,coveredinhisblood.Brookerefusestoprovideanalibi([美][ˈæləˌbaɪ]某人在别处的证据),butwhenEllevisitsherinprison,sheadmitsthatshehadliposuction([美][ˈlɪpoˌsʌkʃən,ˈlaɪpo-]脂肪抽吸[术)onthedayofthemurder.PublicknowledgeofthiswouldruinBrooke'sreputationasafitnessinstructor,soElleagreestokeepitsecretandrefusestotellCallahanaboutit.Impressedbyherintegrity,VivianstartstobefriendElle.ThecaseagainstBrookebeginstoweakenwhenEnriquecorrectlyidentifiesElle'sshoestyle.Ellededucesthatheisgay,andEmmetttrickshimintoidentifyinghisboyfriendincourt,provingthathistestimonyabouthavinganaffairwithBrookewasalie.Impressedbyherperformance,CallahandiscussesElle'sfuturewithher,buthemakessexualadvancesonher,whichsherejects.VivianlashesoutatElleafterseeingCallahan'sattemptbutnotElle'srejection,convincingEllethatshewillneverbetakenseriously.Elledecidestoquitlawschool,butafemaleteacher,ProfessorStromwell(Taylor),encourageshertocontinue.EmmettexplainsElle'sencounterwithCallahantoVivianandBrooke,andBrookefiresCallahan,hiringElleashernewattorneywithEmmettsupervising.Incross-examination,Chutneyclaimstohavebeentakingashowerandwashingherhairatthetimeofthemurder,withthenoisedrowningoutthegunshot,butshealsosaysshehadherhairpermedearlierthatday.WhenEllepointsoutthatwashingherhairshortlyafterthepermwouldhaveruinedChutney'scurls,whicharestillintact,ChutneyfinallyadmitstoaccidentallyshootingHayworthbecauseshethoughthewasBrooke,whomshehatedformarryinghimatsuchayoungage.Brookeisexonerated(得获……宽免)andChutneyisarrested.Afterthetrial,Warnertriestoreconcilewith(使和解;使和好如初)Elle,butsherejectshim,explainingthatsheneedsaboyfriendwhoislessofa"bonehead"(傻瓜,笨蛋)inhernewcareer.Intheepilogue(戏剧等的)收场诗,收场白,Ellehasgraduatedwithhighhonors,istheclass-electedspeakerattheceremony,andhasbeeninvitedintooneofBoston'sbestlawfirms;VivianisnowElle'sbestfriendandhascalledoffherengagementwithWarner,whograduatedwithouthonorsandwithnojoboffers;Emmetthasstartedhisownpractice,isnowElle'sboyfriend,andwillproposedeliveryman送货员toherthatnight;andfinally,PaulettehasmarriedherandisexpectingababygirltobenamedafterElle.31.Askstudentstoseeafilmorlistentothetape.2.Dosomelisteningandspeakingexercises.SectionIIReadingTextA&relatedexercises1.Abriefintroduction(backgroundinformation)TypesofCollegesintheU.S.Ifyou’replanningtostudyintheU.S.,youhaveanumberofchoiceswhenitcomestopickyourcollege.Therearemanytypesofschools,eachhavingitsownmissionandpurposewithinAmericaneducation.Two-yearcollegesTwo-yearinstitutions,whicharetypicallyreferredtoascommunityorjuniorcolleges,awardtheassociatedegree—AssociateofArts(A.A.)orAssociateofScience(A.S.)—followingsuccessfulcompletionofatwo-year,full-timeprogram.Therearetwobasictypesofprogramsatcommunityandjuniorcolleges.Someprogramsarestrictlyacademicanddesignedtopreparestudentstotransfertofour-yearinstitutionswithbachelor'sdegreeprograms.Othersaremorepracticalorappliedandprovidecareertraininginspecificareas.Thissecondtypeofschooldoesnotusuallypreparestudentsfortransfertoafour-yearinstitution,thoughsomeofthecreditsearnedmaystillbeacceptedbyafour-yearinstitution.Asmallnumberoftwo-yearcollegesofferthefinaltwoyearsoftheundergraduateprogramonly,awardingthebachelor’sdegreeratherthantheassociatedegree.Mostcommunityandjuniorcollegesarepubliclysupportedbythestateandlocalcommunities,althoughsomeareprivate.Someprivatetwo-yearcollegesareproprietaryorrunforaprofit.Four-yearcollegesanduniversitiesThecollegeoruniversity(sometimescalledaninstitutewhenitemphasizesengineeringorothertechnicalcourses)awardsthebachelor'sdegree.TheBachelorofArts(B.A.)orBachelorofScience(B.S.)degreesarethemostcommon,butavarietyofbachelor'sdegreesbyothernamesarealsogranted.Bachelor'sdegreesaretypicallyawardedfollowingsuccessfulcompletionofafour-year,full-timeprogram.Programsinsomefieldsofstudyoratsomeinstitutionscanbelongerthanfouryears.TherearebothpublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStates,andsomehaveanaffiliationwithareligiousdenomination.PublicversusprivatePubliclysupportedschoolsaregenerallystatecollegesoruniversitiesortwo-yearcommunitycolleges.Theseinstitutionsreceivemostoftheirfundingfromthestatesinwhichtheyarelocated.Privateschoolsgenerallyhavehighercostsbecausetheydonotreceivethesameprimaryfundingfromthestateandfederalgovernment.Collegesanduniversitieswithreligiousaffiliationsareprivate.MostofthemareChristian(RomanCatholicandProtestant),althoughthereareasmallnumberofJewishandIslamicinstitutions.Inmostcases,youdonotneedtobeamemberofaparticularchurchorreligiousgrouptoattendareligiouslyaffiliatedcollegeandenrollmentintheseinstitutionswillnotusuallyinterferewithyourownreligiousviews.4

PrivatelyownedcollegesProprietaryinstitutionsaredifferentfromothertypesofschoolsinthattheyareprivatelyownedandrunforaprofit.Theyare"educationalbusinesses"thatofferservicesandcoursessimilartothoseatotherinstitutions,butyouneedtobeverycarefulandresearchtheiraccreditationstatus.Theirprogramstendtobetechnicalandpre-professionalcoursesofstudy.AlmostallthecollegesintheUnitedStatesarenowcoeducational,whichmeansthatbothmenandwomenattend.Therearealsoasmallnumberofsingle-sexschools,someformenandsomeforwomen.Faculty,administration,andstaffmemberswilllikelybeofbothsexesatanycollege.WordsandExpressionswish:语气较弱，多指难于实现或不可能实现的愿望。IwishIknewhisaddress.要是我知道他的地址就好了。hope:指对愿望实现有一定信心的希望。Ihopeyou'reready.我希望你已经准备好了。expect:通常指有很大程度的把，握但仍含有预料之意，或预计某事或某行动的发生。want:一般指所想要的东西是切望得到的东西，能弥补实际需要。Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter这场灾难过後，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。long:语气强，指极殷切地盼望着，这种盼望侧重于很难或不可能得到的东西。有时也指一般愿望，但含一定感情色彩。ShelongedtobebackinChina.她渴望回到中国。,阶段Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.那孩子正经历困难的阶段。【词义辨析】phase,aspect,side,angle这些名词均有“方面”之意。phase:指可以对事物进行观察或描述或考虑的任何方面。aspect:着重以特定观点对事物进行观察或考虑。side:可与aspect和phase换用，但更着重构成事物全貌的一个或多个方面。angle:专指从某一角度去观察、考虑事物的某个方面。4.supportoneself通过做某一种工作养活自己Shesupportedherselfbymakingsoil.她靠种地为生。5.adjust:适应,调节CouldIadjusttoChineselifeat72?７２岁的我能适应中国的生活吗？AfterNigellefthisacademicpostandwentintobusiness,ittookhimquiteawhileto5adjusttotheratrace.奈杰尔弃学从商后，过了很长时间他才适应那种竞争激烈的环境。Astronautsinflightmustadjusttoweightlessness.宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。6.standonone’sownfeet:自立，依靠自己Weshouldlearntostandonourownfeet.我们要学习依靠自己。Youshouldlearntostandonyourownfeetfromnowon.从现在起，你应该学着自立了。Thisexpressedtheirdeterminationtostandontheirownfeet.这表达了他们自立更生的决心。7.hardship:n.astateofmisfortuneoraffliction艰难,困苦Astrongmanwillbearhardshipwithoutcomplaining.一个坚强的人会忍受困苦而不抱怨。Mountaineeringisattractiveespeciallytoyoungpeoplebecauseitisaccompaniedwithhardshipandadventure.登山很吸引人，特别是对年轻人来说，因为它伴随着艰难险阻。Hardshipdisposesmantomeetadversity.艰苦能让人适应逆境。【词义辨析】difficulty,hardship这两个名词都表示“困难”之意。difficulty:指需大量思考和技巧或努力才能克服的任何困难。Shehasdifficultybreathing.她呼吸有困难。hardship:侧重指生活上令人难以承受的艰难困苦，如疾病、贫穷等磨难。8.challenge:n.挑战；v.向...挑战Thiscareeroffersachallenge.这份职业具有挑战性。Thetimewasripeforachallengetothepowerofthegovernment.时机已经成熟，可以向政府权力提出挑战了。Nowadaysnoonewillchallengethefactthattheearthisround.现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。【语法用法】challenged同challenging都为形容词，前者表示“受到挑战的”，后者表示“挑战性的，激发人们思考或行动的”。要表示“向某人挑战，和某人比试”时，用challengesbtosth,这里介词to不改为with。Hechallengedmetoadebate.他向我挑战，要和我比试辩论。错句举例与错句分析：错句:Theteachergaveusachallengedassignment.订正:Theteachergaveusachallengingassignment.翻译:老师给了我们一个具挑战性的任务。分析:这里应是要表示“具挑战性的任务”，不是“受到挑战的任务”，用challenging。9.inone’sfavor对某人有利Thatmightbeinyourfavor.那可能对你有利。infavorof赞成Areyouinfavorofhisopinion?你会赞成他的意见吗？dosb.afavor帮忙Sandy,domeafavor.桑迪，给我帮个忙Canyoudomeafavor?可以请你帮点忙吗？10.peer:n.apersonwhoisofequalstandingwithanotherinagroup同等的人；同辈Theopinionsofhispeersaremoreimportanttohimthanhisparents'ideas.在他看来，他同辈人的观点比他父母的观点更为重要。11.takeon:acceptasachallenge承担,接受Theideaneverreallytookon.这一观念一向不太得人心。Wecan‘ttakeonanymorework，we’refullystretched(i．e．workingtotheutmostofourpowers)atthemoment.我们不能再接受更多的工作了－目前已经全力以赴了.12.counton依靠,指望6Youcancountonme.你可以指望我。Great,I'llcountonit!好极了，我就指望它了YoucanalwayscountonJim.你可以永远相信吉姆。13.faceup:dealwith(somethingunpleasant)headon,正视!Hewon'tfaceuptothefactthatheistoooldforthejob.他年岁太大不宜做这项工作，他却不愿面对这一现实。Hemustfaceuptothefactthatheisnolongeryoung.他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。14.makethemostof充分利用Weshallmakethemostoftheopportunity.我们应充分利用这一机遇。Thesephotosmakethemostofthebeautyofthemorninginthemountains.这些照片将山中早晨的美景表现得淋漓尽致。15.acquire:eintothepossessionofsomethingconcreteorabstract获得,取得,学到Thecollectorhasacquiredafinecollectionofimpressionistpaintings.这位收藏家收集到大量印象派绘画。Hischaracteracquiredhimagoodname.他的【词义辨析】acquire,obtain,gain,get,win,earn,secure这些动词均含“获得”之意。acquire:强调通过不断的、持续的努力而某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书人品使他得到好名声。obtain:较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。gain:侧重指经过努力或get:普通用词，使用广泛，可指以win:主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得earn:侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。secure:强调要通过努力或竞争，或需要付出代价才能获得所渴望的东西。16.precious:a.ofhighworthorcost宝贵的,珍贵的有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。任何方式得到某物，也不一经过努力。胜利。定要Mytimeisprecious;Icanonlygiveyouafewminutes.我的时间很宝贵，我只能见你几分钟。Youshouldmakegooduseofeverypreciousminutetostudy.你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。Pandasarepreciouscreatures.熊猫是珍贵的动物。【词义辨析】valuable,precious这两个形容词均含“贵重的，有价值的”之意。valuable:指有相当价值，可高价出售的，或有用、有益的东西。precious:指因稀罕、不易得到而很值钱，或因本身的品质而具有极大的价值。ReadingAnalysisPartI(Para.1)MainIdea:Theintroductiontothemaincontentofthetext.PartII(Para.2~8)MainIdea:Advicetonewstudentsincollegeoruniversity.PartIII(Para.9)MainIdea:Collegeisveryimportantinpeople’slife.Summary:Hereweareatthecampus.Welcometoourcollege.Walkingaroundeverywhere,areyouexcitedaboutthenewenvironment?Areyouwell-preparedtofaceupthedifficultiesandopportunities?Afterreadingthepassage,youwillgetthetipsofhowtosurviveandhowtogothroughthecampuslifewhichservesasyourtransitiontoyourbrightfuture.Comeon,joinus.7TextBMyExperiencesatCollegeWordsandExpressions1.freshman:n.afirst-yearundergraduate大学一年级学生It'simportantforthecollegefreshmantokeephisnoseclean.对大学新生而言洁身自好是很重要的。inmyfreshmanyear我是新生那年；afreshmansenator任期未满一年的议员Theappearanceofthenewfreshmancalledawayhisattention.新同学的出现使他的注意力分散了。2.military:a.oforrelatingtoarmyandwarfare军事的n.军队Insomecountriesalltheyoungmendoayear'smilitaryservice.有些国家，所有年轻男子都要服一年兵役。Relatedphrases:militaryacademy陆军军官学校,军事学院militaryage兵役年龄militaryoperation作战;军事行动militaryfever伤寒症3.followby后面有(继之以),接下来Amiddle-agedwomancomeover,followedbyagroupofchildren.一位中年妇女走进来，后面跟着一群孩子。Cocktailswillbeservedpromptlyatsixtobefollowedbydinnerateight.6点钟准时举行鸡尾酒会，随之在8点钟举行正式的晚宴。4.makeitclear弄清楚，使人明白IwanttomakeitclearthatIhavenoprejudiceagainstyou.我要表明我对你没有偏见。ImakeitcleartohimthatIrejecthisproposal.我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。5.discipline:n.asystemofrulesofconductormethodofpractice训练,纪律,惩罚Alittledisciplinewoulddohimaworldofgood．稍微处分他一下会对他大有好处。Theteachercan'tkeepdisciplineinherclass.这位老师无法维持教室纪律。Hisarmyisaverydisciplinedforce.他的军队是一支训练有素的队伍。Thechildrenarehappyattheschool,buttheylackdiscipline.孩子们在学校里很快活，但很散漫。【词义辨析】drill,exercise,practice,training,discipline这些名词都有“练习、训练、锻炼”之意。drill:侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。YoushouldfinishyourEnglishgrammardrillsintheclass.你应该在课堂上完成语法练习。exercise:主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。practice:指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。practice在英式英语中只作名词，动词为practise，而在美式英语中，practice可作名词或动词，practise很少见；practice作名词，前面有形容词时，冠词a可加可不加。Itis(a)goodpracticetogetupearly.早起是一个好习惯。practicepracticepracticepractice时，可直接用，或(up)on，也可以作动词表示“练习（乐器）”at，例如practicethepiano，practice(up)onthepiano，practiceatthepiano；practice后面跟动名词，而不跟不定式。YoumustpracticespeakingEnglish.你必须要练习说英语。training:普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。Everymorninghespenttwohourstrainingfortherace.他每天早小时练习赛跑。discipline:既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行约束。晨花两个8exercise【语法用法】作名词统指“运动”时，前面加冠词特指“某项运动”。Wetakeexerciseeverymorning.Walkingisagoodexercise.\exercise作名词指Englishgrammar（英语语法习题），anexerciseon/intheconstructionofconditionalsentences（条件句结构的习题）；takeexercise和exercise作不及物动词指“运动”或“体操”，而不是普通的练习。“习题”时，后面跟in和科目名称，或on/in和科目的部分的名称，如anexercisein“锻炼”时，是不可数名词。8.reliant:adj.relyingonanotherforsupport有信心的,自力更生的,靠自己的Ourcountryshouldnotbesoreliantontheoilitproduces.我国不应如此依赖自产的石油。Raisingself-reliantchildrenrequiresparentsattimestoleadwiththeirheadsandnottheirhearts.培养有自立能力的孩子要求家长们不时地用理智而不是用感情来引导孩子。9.mature:a.havingreachedfullnaturalgrowthordevelopment成熟的,到期的,充分发育的,考虑周到的Hischaracterhasgreatlymaturedintheyears.这些年他的性格已大大成熟。Afullygrown,matureorganism.成体,完全发育成熟的有机体Oh,growup!(i.e.Behaveinamorematureway.)噢,别那么不懂事了（表现得成熟些吧）!【词义辨析】adult,grown-up,mature这些形容词均有“成年的，成熟的”之意。adult:一般指生理上的童年期已结束，达到法定年龄。grown-up:多用于口语，含义与adult基本相同，但更侧重脱离儿童阶段，已成大人，与childish意思相反。mature:用于生物时，指完全长好了。用于人时，指达到了生命的黄金时期，但所暗示的青少年和成年之间的界限不明显。10.extremely:ad.toahighdegreeorextent;favorablyorwithmuchrespect极其,非常Thistaskisextremelydifficult.这项任务极其困难。Heisanextremelyfrankperson.他是个极其老实的人。Therewardofthiscompanyisextremelybountiful.这家公司的奖金是非常慷慨的。11.easy-goinga.amiable随和的Somepeopleareveryeasy-going.一些人非常宽厚。"He'sverygoodnaturedandeasy-going.““它的性情十分温顺乖巧。"12.payoff有回报,成功Ifyouworkhard,itwillpayoffeventually.如果你努力的话，最终会有回报的。Didyourplanpayoff?你的计划成功了吗？13.engrave:v.carve,cut,oretchintoamaterialorsurface铭记,雕刻Theterriblescenewasengravedonhismemory.那可怕的情景铭记在他的记忆里。9Hismemorialwasengravedonthestone.纪念他的碑文刻在石碑上。14.recall:v.toremember;totakeback回想起,召回,恢复Thedangerrecalledhimtoasenseofduty.这危险的事唤起了他的责任感。Icanrecallthemen'sfeatures.我回忆得起这个人的容貌。Ican'trecallhowlongithasbeen.我回忆不起来多长时间了。recallrecall【语法用法】作为动词时，其后一般接动名词，不接不定式。Imeetingrecallhimsomewhere.我回想起合他在哪见过。有时表示“从回忆中重述”，Letmerecallacasewithinmyrecentexperience.让我从近期的经验中，回忆重述一个场recallrecall景。还可表示为”退回，取回“，等同于“callback”，结