2023年-初级翻译资格考试试题

第页2023初级翻译资格考试试题初级翻译资格考试试题

MiltonFriedman,FreeMarketsTheorist,Diesat94.

MiltonFriedman,thegrandmasteroffree-marketeconomictheoryinthepostwareraandaprimeforceinthemovementofnationstowardlessgovernmentandgreaterrelianceonindividualresponsibility,diedtodayinSanFrancisco,wherehelived.Hewas94.

ConservativeandliberalcolleaguesalikeviewedMr.Friedman,aNobelprizelaureate,asoneofthe20thcentury’sleadingeconomicscholars,onaparwithgiantslikeJohnMaynardKeynesandPaulSamuelson.

Flyingtheflagofeconomicconservatism,Mr.FriedmanledthepostwarchallengetothehallowedtheoriesofLordKeynes,theBritisheconomistwhomaintainedthatgovernmentshadadutytohelpcapitalisticeconomiesthroughperiodsofrecessionandtopreventboomtimesfromexplodingintohighinflation.

InProfessorFriedman’sview,governmenthadtheoppositeobligation:tokeepitshandsofftheeconomy,toletthefreemarketdoitswork.

TheonlyeconomicleverthatMr.Friedmanwouldallowgovernmenttousewastheonethatcontrolledthesupplyofmoney—amonetaristviewthathadgoneoutoffavorwhenheembraceditinthe1950s.Hewentontorecordasignalachievement,predictingtheunprecedentedcombinationofrisingunemploymentandrisinginflationthatcametobecalledstagflation.HisworkearnedhimtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencein1976.

Rarely,hiscolleaguessaid,didanyonehavesuchimpactonbothhisownprofessionandongovernment.Thoughheneverservedofficiallyinthehallsofpower,hewasalwaysaroundthem,asanadviserandtheorist.

“Amongeconomicscholars,MiltonFriedmanhadnopeer,〞BenS.Bernanke,theFederalReservechairman,saidtoday.“Thedirectandindirectinfluencesofhisthinkingoncontemporarymonetaryeconomicswouldbedifficulttooverstate.〞

AlanGreenspan,theformerFederalReservechairman,saidofMr.FriedmaninaninterviewonTuesday.“Fromalonger-termpointofview,it’shisacademicachievementswhichwillhavelastingimport.ButIwouldnotdismisstheprofoundimpacthehasalreadyhadontheAmericanpublic’sview.〞

Mr.Friedmanhadagiftforcommunicatingcomplicatedideasinsimpleandlucidways,anditservedhimwellastheauthororco-authorofmorethanadozenbooks,asacolumnistforNewsweekfrom1966to1983andevenasthestarofapublictelevisionseries.

试题

Panamagoestopollsonupgradeforcanal

PANAMACITY:VoterswereexpectedSundaytoapprovethelargestmodernizationprojectinthe92-yearhistoryofthePanamaCanal,a$5.25billionplantoexpandthewaterwaytoallowforlargershipswhilealleviatingtrafficproblems.

ThegovernmentofPresidentMartínTorrijoshasbilledthereferendumashistoric,sayingtheworkwoulddoublethecapacityofacanalalreadyonpacetogenerateabout$1.4billioninrevenuethisyear.Criticsclaimtheexpansionwouldbenefitthecanal'scustomersmorethanPanamanians,andworrythatcostscouldballoon,forcingthisdebt-riddencountrytoborrowevenmore.

TheprojectwouldbuildathirdsetoflocksonthePacificandAtlanticendsofthecanalby2023,allowingittohandlemoderncontainerships,cruiselinersandtankerstoolargeforitslocks,whichare33meters,or108feet,wide.

ThePanamaCanalAuthority,theautonomousgovernmentagencythatrunsthecanal,saystheprojectwouldbepaidforbyincreasingtollsandwouldgenerate$6billioninrevenueby2025.

ThereisnothingPanamaniansaremorepassionateaboutthanthecanal.

"It'sincomparableinthehemisphere,"saidSamuelLewisNavarro,thecountry'svicepresidentandforeignsecretary."It'sinourheart,partofoursoul."

Publicopinionpollsindicatethattheplanwouldbeapprovedoverwhelmingly.Greenandwhitesignsthroughoutthecountryread"Yesforourchildren,"whiletensofthousandsofbillboardsandbumperstickerstrumpetnewjobs.

"Thecanalneedsyou,"televisionandradioadsimplore.

"Itwillmeanmoreboats,andthatmeansmorejobs,"saidDamascoPolanco,whowasherdingcowsonhorsebackinNuevoProvedencia,onthebanksofLakeGatún,anartificialreservoirthatsupplieswatertothecanal.

Thecanalemploys8,000workersandtheexpansionisexpectedtogenerateasmanyas40,000newjobs.UnemploymentinPanamais9.5percent,and40percentofthecountrylivesinpoverty.

Butcriticsfearthattheexpansioncouldcostnearlydoublethegovernment'sestimate,aswellasstokecorruptionanduncontrolleddebt.

"Thepoorcontinuetosufferwhiletherichgetricher,"saidJoséFelixCastillo,62,ahighschoolteacherwhowasoneofabout3,000supporterswhotooktoPanamaCity'sstreetstoprotestthemeasureonFriday.

LewisNavarronotedthataportionoftherevenuegeneratedby