泛读教程第三册第四单元

Book3

ReadingCourseUnit4SmokingSection1:Pre-readingStep1:techniquereviewStep2:ABCofsmokingSection2:In-readingStep1:wordpretestStep2:readingoneSection3:Post-readingABCofSmokingA.AmericaB.EuropeC.AsiaD.Africa

A.partyingB.havingafeastC.preparingforatribalwarD.doingsomereligiousritualA.EuropeB.AmericaC.AsiaD.AfricaApr.10,1912Southampton?A.BostonB.SanFranciscoC.NewYorkD.LosAnglesA.nicotineB.tarC.COD.CO2A.TheCivilWar

B.TheIndependenceWar

C.TheWorldWarI

D.TheWorldwarII1958197820232023◆1958:Anti-smokingLaw

◆Nov2023:WHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl

◆

May2023:nationwidebaninthepublicareasA.NewYorkB.LondonC.ParisD.GenevaSmokingcancause:LungcancerCanceroftheuterusThroatcancer InfertilityCancerofthemouthPretermdeliveryCancerofthelarynxHair,naildamageKidneycancer BadbreathBladderCancer ToothdecayStomachcancerGumdiseaseEyediseasesSkindamageIn-reading

TheButtStopsHeresmoke-freesystemsecond-handrestrictionschainfatalityfatalvictimstrictsmokerhighsmokinghealth-careenvironmentinnocentdiseasediscriminativepersonnelmedicalpolicysmoke-freeenvironmentsecond-handsmokerchainsmokingfataldiseasestrictrestrictionshighfatalityhealth-caresysteminnocentvictimdiscriminativepolicymedicalpersonnelTextstudy1.Whatprobablydoes“stiffen”(Line4,Para.1)mean?A.becamemoreflexibleB.expandedC.expiredD.becamemoreharsh2.AccordingtoPara.3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.SmokingislinkedtothedeathsofnumerousAmericans.B.Smokerswasreportedlyspendingmoreonhealth-carebecausetheywerericher.C.Iwashardlyappreciativetowardsmokingasacasualpass-time.D.Smokingcanbeathreattonon-smokers.CigaretteAds?3.Afewemployees’claimthattheywerebeing“discriminatedagainst”is_____.A.reasonableB.doubtfulC.ungroundedD.shameless4.whatdoyouthinkmightbethebestintentionofthisessay?A.Toannouncetheofficialdecisionofsmoke-banatworkbythecorporation.B.Totalkaboutthehistoryofsmokingandbansagainstsmoking.C.Togivesmokersadviceonhowtogetusedtono-smokingenvironment.D.Toexplainwhythecorporationhascometothisdecision.ReadingTwoTheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesistoPreventSmoking

LegalSmokingAgeBangladesh 15Mongolia 16HongKong 18India 18Macau 18Malaysia 18Singapore 18Taiwan 18SouthKorea 19Japan 20Vocabularypreventable protestdeadly inevitableroughly loosenedupdecline specificallyoutcry globalban strategictiedup motiveinternational skepticsessential prohibition supporters fataldisincentive surgeStructure

Para.(1-3):smokingastheleadingCODPara.(4-5):thingshavebeendoneandyettobedonePara.(6-13):MPOWERwhichonemosteffective?Para.(14-15):significanceoffightingScanning

A.Smokinghasn’tbeennoticedbythepublicasa“killer”untilrecently.B.Therewasalackoffundingtopreventsmoking.C.AseriesofmeasureshastakeneffectinNY.D.Picturesofwarningsignsonsmokingcouldhelp.E.Moneyforanti-smokingprogramscouldberaisedbyincreasingtaxesontobacco.F.Thingscouldbeinvainwhenpeopletendtoacceptwhat’salreadyhappening.G.TheGatesdonated$125milliontocombatsmoking2yearsago.Text1TheMarlboroManHasFoundGreenerPastures1.Thecigarette-sellingcowboymaybeundersiegebackhomeintheUnitedStatesfromlawmakersandhealthadvocatesdeterminedtoputhimoutofbusiness,buthalfaworldawayinAsiaheisprospering,hisall-Americanmugslappeduponbillboardsandflickeringacrosstelevisionscreens.AndMarlborocigaretteshaveneverbeenmorepopular.Text1TheMarlboroManHasFoundGreenerPastures1.Thecigarette-sellingcowboymaybeundersiegebackhomeintheUnitedStatesfromlawmakersandhealthadvocatesdeterminedtoputhimoutofbusiness,buthalfaworldawayinAsiaheisprospering,hisall-Americanmugslappeduponbillboardsandflickeringacrosstelevisionscreens.AndMarlborocigaretteshaveneverbeenmorepopular.OutlineOpinion(1-10)ReasonwhyAsiaisthefuture(11-39)Reasonwhy…___________(40-75)Concernover…__________(76-end)2.Fortheworld’scigarette-makers,Asiaisthefuture.Anditisprobablytheirsavior.Industrycriticswhohopethatthemultinationtobaccocompaniesareheadedforextinctionowethemselvesastrolldownthetobacco-scentedstreetsofalmostanycityinAsia.Almosteverywhereheretheairisthickwiththeswirlinggrayhazeofcigarettesmoke,theevidenceofaboomingAsiangrowthmarketthatpromisesvastprofitsforthetobaccoindustryandadeathtollmeasuredinthetensofmillions.3.AtlunchtimeinSeoul,throngsoffashionablydressedyoungKoreanwomen

gatherinafast-foodrestauranttoenjoyalastcigarettebeforereturningtowork,ascenethatdrawsdistressedstaresfromolderKoreanswhorememberatimewhenitwouldhavebeenscandalousforwomenfromrespectablehomestosmoke.4.InHongKong,shoppersflockintotheSalemAttitudesboutique,pickingfromamongtheracksoftrendysportsclothesstampedwiththelogoofSalemcigarettes.InPhnomPenh,thewar-shatteredcapitalofCambodia,visitorsleavinganaudiencewithKingSihanoukaregreetedwithagiantbillboardplantedacrossthestreetfromhisgold-roofedpalace.ItadvertisesLuckyStrikes.5.AccordingtotobaccoindustryprojectionscitedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,

theAsiancigarettemarketshouldgrowbymorethanathirdduringthe1990s,withmuchofthemoneygoingtomultinationaltobaccogiantseagerforanalternativetotheshrinkingmarketintheUnitedStates.6.Americancigarettesalesareexpectedtodeclinebyabout15%bytheendofthedecade,areflectionofthemovetobansmokinginmostpublicplacesintheUnitedStates.AndsalesinWesternEuropeandotherindustrializedcountriesarealsoexpectedtodrop.7.ButnomatterhowbadthenewsisintheWest,thetobaccocompaniescanfindcomfortinAsiaandthroughoutthethirdworld,marketssohugeandsopromisingthattheymaketheonceall-importantAmericanmarketseeminsignificant.BeyondAsia,cigaretteconsumptionisalsoexpectedtogrowinAfrica,LatinAmerica,EasternEuropeandinthenationsoftheformerSovietUnion.

8.SmokingisnotonlytoleratedinmostofAsia,itisstillfashionable.Andformillionsofsmokershere,nothingconfersgreaterstatusthanapackofAmericanorEuropean-brandcigarettes.NogiftismoreappreciatedinVietnamthanBritish-made‘555’cigarettes.InChina,thechoiceisMarlboro.AmongthegentryofThailand,itisDunhill.9.Statusappearstomatterfarmorethantaste.“Thereisnotagreatdealofevidencetosuggestthatsmokerscantasteanydifferencebetweenthemoreexpensiveforeignbrandsandthehome-madecigarettes,”saidSimonChapman,aspecialistincommunitymedicineattheUniversityofSydney,inAUSTRALIA.“Thedifferenceappearstobeinthepackaging,theadvertising.”10.Hesaidthatresearchershadbeenunabletodeterminewhethertheforeigntobaccocompanieshadadjustedthelevelsoftar,nicotineandotherchemicalsforcigarettessoldintheAsianmarket.“Thetobaccoindustryfightstoothandnailtokeepconsumersawayfromthekindofinformation,”hesaid.Pre-readingtasksWhyhadanti-smokingcampaignslostthebattletocigarettecompanies?

11.MostgovernmentsinAsiahavelaunchedanti-smokingcampaigns,buttheireffortstendtobeoverwhelmedbytheMadisonAvenueglitzunlashedbythecigarettegiants.Severaltobaccocompaniesoftenfindwaysaroundthebansthroughindirectpromotionsthatskirtthelaw—sportsevents,glossyadvertisementsforclothingbrandsortravelagenciesthatbearthatnameandlogoofacigarettebrand.

12.With1.2billionpeopleandtheworld’sfastest-growingeconomy,Chinaisthemostcovetedtargetofthemultinationaltobaccocompanies.Cigaretteconsumption,calculatedasthenumberofcigarettessmokedperadult,hasincreasedby7percenteachyearoverthelastdecadeinChina.Thereare300millionsmokersinChina,morepeoplethantheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStates,andtheybuy1.6trillioncigarettesayear.13.Competinginmanycaseswithdomesticallyproducedbrands,themultinationaltobaccocompaniesaremovingquicklytogettheircigarettesintoChinaandemergingmarketsintherestofthedevelopingworld.TheircampaignhasbeenbolsteredbytheeffortsofAmericanGovernmenttradenegotiatorstoforceopentobaccomarketsoverseas.14.Sincethemid-1980’s,Japan,SouthKorea,ChineseTaiwanandThailandhaveallsuccumbedtopressureformWashingtonandallowedthesaleofforeign-brandcigarettes.Foreigncigarettes,shutoutofJapanin1980,nowmakeupnearly20percentofthemarket.15.Anti-smokinggroupsinAsia,oftencriticaloftheBushAdministrationforitsaggressivepursuitofthetobaccoindustry’sagendaabroad,sayitistooearlytojudgetheClintonAdministrationontheissue.16.R.J.ReynoldsTobaccohasmanufactureditsCamelandWinstoncigarettesinChinesefactoriessincethelate1980’s.Lastyear,theAmericancompanyalsoopenedplantsinPolandandTurkeyandtookstatesintwostate-ownedtobaccocompaniesinUkraine.“World-widehundredsofmillionsofsmokerspreferAmerican-blendcigarettes,”JamesW.Johnston.ChairmanofReynoldsTobaccoWorldwide,wroteinhiscompany’s1993annualreport.‘Today,Reynoldshasaccessto90percentoftheworld’smarket;adecadeago,only40percent.Opportunitieshaveneverbeenbetter.”Lastyear,PhilipMorris,thecompanybehindtheMarlboroMan,signedanagreementwithChinaNationalTobaccoCorporationtomakeMarlborosandotherPhilipMorrisbrandsinChina.Thecompany’sforeignmarketsgrewlastyearbymorethan16percent,withforeignoperatingprofitsupnearly17percent.OperatingprofitsinthedomesticAmericanmarketfellbynearlyhalf.Hugeneed“Flexible”marketingstrategyAmericangovernmentbackedthem◆CamelandWinstoninChinesefactoriessincethelate1980’s◆Accessto90%worldmarket(1993)◆Marlboro’sentryofChinaandriseofoperatingprofit17.PhysicianssaythehealthimplicationsofthetobaccoboominAsiaarenothinglessthanterrifying,andtherearefrequentlycomparisonsheretotheOpiumWarofthemid-19thCentury,whentheBritishwenttowartoforcetheChinesetoacceptimportsofadangerousaddictivedrug—opium,animportantcashcropforBritishmerchants.RichardPeto,andOxfordUniversityepidemiologist,hasestimatedthatbecauseofincreasingtobaccoconsumptioninAsia,theannualworldwidedeathtollfromtobacco-relatedillnesseswillmorethantripleoverthenexttwoorthreedecades,fromabout3millionayearto10millionayear.18.“Ifyoulookatthenumberofdeaths,thetobaccoprobleminAsiaisgoingtodwarftuberculosis,it’sgoingtodwarfmalariaandit’sgoingtodwarfAIDS,yetit’sbeingtotallyignored,”saidJudithMackay,aBritishphysicianwhoisaconsultanttotheChineseGovernmentindevelopingananti-smokingprogram.TheexplosionoftheAsiantobaccomarketisresultbothoftheincreasingprosperityoflargeAsiannationsandashiftinsocialcustoms.InMay,Asiancountries,smokingwasoncetabooforwomen.Now,itisseenasasignoftheiremancipation.

19.Inexplainingtheboomintobaccosaleshere,physiciansandresearchersalsopointtothecigarettecompanies’multimillion-dollarmarketingcampaigns.“Now,justassoonasyoulandattheairportit’sabombardment,anabsolutevisualdisgrace,withsignseverywhereforMARLBORO,Kent,allofthem.Onthestreets,they’vegotahugeseriesofneonsignsandbillboards.Almostverytelephonekioskhasacigaretteadvertisement.”Summary

LawmakersandhealthadvocatesintheUSAaredeterminedtoputcigarette-makersoutofbusiness.Buttheir___isinAsia.Themostapparent____isthetobacco-scentedstreetsallacrossmostAsiannations.Whilesalesdeclineathome,thereremainsahugepromisingmarketinAsia.Becausesmokingisconsidered______andstatus-implyingtoAsianconsumers.BesidescountrieslikeChinahastheworld’sfastest______economyandahugenumberofsmokers.futureevidencegrowingfashionableWhilelocalgovernmentshavelaunchedanti-smoking_____,thecigarette-makersalwaysmanagetofindwaysaroundbans.What’smore,theireffortsofentering