中西酒文化差异英语专业论文

浙江越秀外国语学院课程论文（学术论文写作） DifferentOriginsofWineTheOriginofWineinChinaAbouttheoriginofwine,Chineseclaimsthatwineisbrewedwithmanykindsoftechnologybypeople,whilethewesternersthinkwineisoriginallycreatedbygod.InChinesehistory,itisoflongstanding,andtheoldsayingsaboutthebornofwinearealot.However,generallyspeaking,peopleprefertoconsiderthesayingofDuKangbrewingwineiscorrect.ItissaidthatDuKangwasashepherd,whenhewasingrazing;helostavesselmadefrombamboothatcontainedmilletcongee.Severaldaysafter,hegotitbackandhefoundthemilletcongeefermentedintotangymellownectar.Fromthenon,DuKangabandonedgrazingandstartedtomakeandsellwine.Asaconsequence,DuKangbecamethefamoussageofwine.Then,DuKangnotonlyreferredtotheperson’sname,butalsothewine’sname.Therefore,DuKangbecametheforefatherofwine—making.TheOriginofWineinTheWestTherearealsoalotoforiginsinthewest,butmostlythoughtthatwineiscreatedbygod,anditisthegiftforhumangivenbygod.TheancientEgyptianthinkwineismadebyOsiriswhoprotectsthedead,andGreecepeoplethinkwineisbroughtbythegodofwinenamedDionysus,itisnotonlythegiftgivenbythegodofwine,butalsothesymbolofpeople’sharvest.Accordingtothelegend,DionysuswasthesonofZeusandtheprincessofThebesnamedHimmler.HegrewupinAsiaMinorThraceandGreece,andtaughtpeoplegrowinggrapesandthetechnologyofmakingwineeverywhere.ThenthewinebecamegraduallyprevailinginEurope.Thegodofwinewithhisfollowersstrollshereandthere,sowheretheywanderedwherehadthefragranceofwine.BriefSummaryIncontrast,althoughChinesehasthewordssuchas"winegod"or"wineimmortal",thesewordsactuallyrefertoheavydrinkersorthelaudatorynamesofthedrinkers.Bothofthemhavenothingtodowithmyth,andofcoursetheyaredifferentwithDionysusinthewesternculture.Inthecurrentcross-culturalcommunication,itisneedtobedistinguished.Andbeyondthemyth,archaeologicalstudiesshowedthatinthelateneolithic,EasternAsiaandChina(YellowRiverbasinandYangtzeRiverbasin)andWesternAsiaandNorthAfrica(tworiverbasinsandtheNileriverbasin)hadbegunfarmingrevolution.Whileintheearlystagesoftheimpergium,theancientsoftheeastandthewest浙江越秀外国语学院课程论文（学术论文写作） DifferentPreferencesofWineDifferentPreferencesofWineInChinesetraditionalviews,peopleprefertochoosefoodasrawmaterialtomakewhiteandyellowwineasdrinksinformaloccasions.Forexample,whentheChinesegovernmentfetestheforeignguests,theflagshipdrinksisthetop-gradewhitewinesuchasChineseMaotaiandWuliangyeYibin.inrecentyears,beeraremoreandmoreimportantintheChinesemarket,andpeoplealwayschoosebeertoadjustatmosphereintheparties,butintheformaloccasions,peoplewillmakethesamechoiceofwhitewinetoperformancethisfunction.Forinstance,intheweddingday,inordertoadapttotheneedsofdifferentgroups,thetablesseatbytheguestsusuallyhavewhitewine,beeranddrinks;whilethetoastwineusedbythenewcoupleisalwayswhitewinethatalsocalledliquor.Inthewest,thereisnodoubtthatthegrapewineandbrandyarereallypopular.Whateveradjustingtheatmosphereordrivingawaythecold,whateverintheformalorinformalparties,theywouldhappentocoincidetochoosegrapewine.Winehasbecomeanindispensablespiceintheirdailylife.Inthebeginning,peoplehavenotendencyforwineselection.Peoplecouldtakeanythingstomakewine.Grapewine,justasitsnameimplies,madebygrapes.Chineseliquor(whitewine)oryellowwineismadebyriceorothercrops.Becausethereissomethingtodowiththenaturalandculturalenvironment,wineandliquorappearandgraduallybecometheindispensablepartofhumanlife.Inancienttimes,ChinesepeopleliveinYellowRiverbasinwhichisthetemperatecontinentalclimate,andthisclimatesuitsthegrowthofgraincropssuchassorghumandwheat.ItisgrantedthatChinesechoosecropsaswine-makingrawmaterials.Onthecontrary,inEurope,especiallyonthecoastofwesternMediterraneanandintheMediterraneanclimatezone,theclimateandtopographyareverysuitableforgrapegrowing.Afteralongtime,peopleformedapreferenceforwineselection.Naturalgeographicalenvironmentandculturalinheritance,namelynaturalandculturalenvironmentandsocialculturalenvironmentcontributedtothedifferentpreferencesbetween浙江越秀外国语学院课程论文（学术论文写作） DifferencesofDrinkingVesselsDifferencesofDrinkingVesselsWhateverinChinaorthewest,peopletakedrinkingvesselsseriously.Theelegantandsuitableextantofdrinkingvesselsarerelatedtopeople’sdegreeofattentionandlove.Thedrinkingvessels’cultureasanimportantpartofwineculturealsohasalonghistory,beautifulandisworthforustostudycarefully.Withtheeconomicandsocialdevelopment,thematerials,manufacturaltechnology,shapeandfunctionofdrinkingvesselsareincontinuouschange.Accordingtoanarticle’sintroduction,inancientChina,drinkingvesselsgenerallycalled“zun”.Usingasapropernoun,“zun”isakindofcontainerswithhighneck,ringfootandanimalmotifs.Inaddition,therearevariousdrinkingvesselssuchas“pot”,“jue”,“jiao”,“xian”and“cup”,“light”,“zhong”and“wei”,“yi”,“ru”,“qing”and“ji”.Eachvesselhasitsownfunctionandshape.Accordingtosomepeople’sresearch,drinkingvessel’sshapeandwine’sflavorhavegreatrelevance.Becausedifferentshapeswouldmakewineandthecontactareaofdynamictongueisdifferent,andthecapacityinthemouthwouldbeaffected,theflavorofwinealsohassomethingtodowiththedrinkingvessel’sshape.Thisiswhywesternerschoosevesselswithdifferentshapesandmakingmaterialtofilldifferentwine.ThereisnodoubtthatthewesternerspayattentiontothedrinkingvesselsnolessthanChinese.ThereissomethingdifferentwithChina:Chinesedrinkingvessels’typesarevariousnotjustbecauseofthedevelopmentofthesocialproductivity,butalsobecauseofthefeudalhierarchicalneed,whichisthroughdifferentvesselstorepresentthedifferentstatus.Drinkingvesselsaredividedintodifferentlevelsjustastheancientrobes.Differentpeopleusedifferentdrinkingvessels,theexistenceofdrinkingvesselsiscompletetodistinguishandstandoutthedrinker’sidentity.浙江越秀外国语学院课程论文（学术论文写作） DrinkingEtiquetteDrinkingEtiquetteChinaandwesterncountrieshaveabigdifferenceonthedrinkingetiquette.Maybethebiggestdifferenceindrinkingetiquetteistourgepeopletodrinkatabanquet.AgroupofChinesedrinktogetherisabiggerscenedefinitelythanagroupofwesternersgettogether.BecausetheChinesearegoodaturgeotherstodrink,theywoulddotheirbesttoforceotherstodrink.ThisnotonlysymbolizesthehospitalityofChinesepeople,butalsohastheverybigrelationswithChinesegroupthink.UrgingotherstodrinkasaspecialwaytotoastisakindofChinesecustomthatformedinthethousandsofyears.ThecustomisonekindofChinesetraditionalculturewhichcannotseeinthewesterncountriesandcannotbeunderstoodinthewest.Westernpeoplestressdemocracyandfreedom,andtheyneverinterfereandforceotherstodothings.Theydrinkandmealallbyfreeandindependent,iftheywanttodrinkandthendrink,theywanthowmuchtodrinkandthendrinkhowmuch,theyneednottobepoliteandformal.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternarehere.WhenChinesedrink,theywouldsaythattheycannotdrink,butthehoststillurgesthemtodrinktoshowrespectandsincerity.Whenwesternersdrink,theywouldnotappearthiskindofcircumstance,iftheysaythattheycannotdrink,thehostwouldnoturgethemtodrinkanyway.Besides,theChineseareparticularabouttoproposeatoast.Thistoasthasacustom,too,andcan'teasilybreakit.Thefirsttoastmuststartfromthehost,andthentheguestshaverighttoreturn,thentheinterplayamongtheguests.Thehosttoastsalsohavetheorderfromtheoldtotheyoung,fromthehonourablepeopletothecommon.Thewholetoasthasaparticularregularityandstronginteractivity.Whenwesternersdrinktogethersuchasaparty,first,thehosttoaststhegueststothankthepresenceandhopethemenjoytheparty.Afterthat,othertimeisfreeforallguests;theycanfindtheirownpartnertoproposeatoastandchat.Also,becausetheinfluenceofChinesetraditionalcultureandthethinkingoftoast,everybodywouldshowhumilityandtrytomaketheirowncupstobelowerpositionthanothers.Afterthetoast,thehostshouldalsogivetheguestsfullofwinebutcannotoverflow,thefull,thebetter.Westernerspaymoreattentiononthewine-tastingwhentheyaredrinking.Commonly,theyonlypourquarterofglasssothattheycanrockthewineintheglass,anditisconvenientforobservationandsmellingthefragrance.Forwesterners,theywouldnottoshowtheirhumility.SowhentheyseetheChinesebehaviorthatdoesn’tlettheircuphigherthanothers,theyfeelsurpriseandcannotunderstand.浙江越秀外国语学院课程论文（学术论文写作） SpiritConnotationofWineSpiritConnotationofWineSinceDuKangbrewing,wineplaysanindispensableroleinChineselife,andChineseliteratusplayaspecialroleinthewineculture,thewinedeeplyinfiltratesChinesehistoricliteratus'sspirit.Chineseliteratureandculturalhistorycanbesaidwrittenwithwineandemittedthearomaofwine.6.1WineisTheirEmotionalSustenanceWineisasubstancecanacceleratehumanbody'sbloodcirculation,makethepersonmoreimpulsive,andemotionsaremorelikelytoerupt.Literatusdrinkmakesthisfunctionexpressedtoacme.Theycanmakethecommondepressiveintheheartintoflowsofideasafterdrinking.Asweallknow,LiBai,DuFu,XinQijiandLiQingzhaoareallgoodatexpressingemotionswithwine.ThegreatancientpoetLiBaioftheTangDynasty(AD618-907),whowascrownedas“theGodofPoems”and“ImmortalofWine”inChina.Manyofhisgreatmasterpieceswerecreatedwhenhewasdrunkand17percentofhispoemswereaboutdrinking.“InvitationtoWine”(QiangJinJiu)isaveryfamouspoemonwineofhim:InvitationtoWineLiBaiDoyounotseetheYellowRivercomefromthesky?Rushingintotheseaandne'ercomeback?DoyounotseethemirrorbrightinchamberhighGrieveo'eryoursnow-whitehairthatoncewassilkenback?Whenhopesarewon,oh,drinkyourfillinhighdelightAndneverleaveyourwinecupemptyinmoonlight!Heavenhasmadeustalents;we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent,morewillturnupagain.Killacow,cookasheepandletusmerrybe,Anddrinkthreehundredcupfulsofwineinhighglee!Dearfriendsofmine,Cheerup,cheerup!Iinviteyoutowine.Donotputdownyourcup!Iwillsingyouasong,pleasehear,Ohear!Lendmeawillingear!Whatdifferencewillrareandcostlydishesmake?Iwantonlytogetdrunkandne'ertowake.Howmanygreatmenwereforgottenthroughtheages?Greatdrinkersarebetterknownthansobersages.ThePrinceofPoetsfeastedinhispalaceatwill,Drankwineattenthousandcoinsacaskandlaughedhisfill.Ahostshouldnotcomplainofmoneyheisshort;Todrinktogetherwe'dsellthingsofanysort.ThefurcoatworthathousandcoinsofgoldAndflower-dappledhorsemaybothbesoldTobuygoodwinethatwemaydrownthewoesage-old6.2WineisTheirWayofReclusivenessThecelebritiesinWeiandJindynastiesarethemostfamousfortheirreclusivenessinthehistory.Celebritiesusedwineastheirwayofreclusivenesswasprevailing.RuanJi,JiKangandTaoYuanmingwhoallchosewinetoachievetheirwishthatavoidanyreal,heavyandunbearablelifeandhopetofindabrightworld.Nonetheless,theywerestillthroesinthehalfawakeandhalfdrunk,theywantedtostopbuttheycannotjustlikethepoem“Butsincewaterstillflows,thoughwecutitwithourswords,andsorrowsreturn,thoughwedrownthemwithwine”.6.3WineHasSecularUtilitarianUtilityWineisoftenusedasthesubstanceoffarewelldinnerandtoboostone’scourage.Peoplechoosewinetoexpresstheirsorrowofseparationorlookingintothefuturelifeafterseparation.“Onethousandcupsofwinearenotenoughwhenyouaredrinkingwithaclosefriend”,what’smore,“Fromcupsofjadethatglowwithwineofgrapesatnight,drinkingtopipasongs,wearesummonedtofight.Don'tlaughifweliedrunkuponthebattleground!Howmanywarriorsevercamebacksafeandsound?”Inthispoem,theutilitarianismofwineismoreobvious.6.4BriefSummaryWineasanimageofpoemcreationpossessesthemagicformulatobeingalivebeyondtimeandspace,andvariousspiritofitsculturemakesthethemesandmeaningsofpoemsgreatdifferent.Theamountandprocessofdrinking,andthenumberofpeopleinvolvedalldecidetheaestheticeffectsofpoem,thefeelingsofpoets,andtherhymeofpoem.Asfortheexpressionsofmissing,send-offscene,pastoralscenery,winedrinkinghasthecapacitytoproducinghuge-changingandmeaningfuleffects.Andforwesterners,wineisasubstancemadepersonalsensesmorecheerful.Astheychoosethedrinkingvesselforbettertasting,thatisthesame.Theydidnotputovermuchthingtowineandtheywouldnotusewinetoexpresstheiremotions.浙江越秀外国语学院课程论文（学术论文写作） ConclusionConclusionChinaisconsideredasthewinehometownoftheworld,thecontentofChinesewineculturehasthecharacteristicsofextensivenessandmultilayer.Chinesewinecultureinfluencedbytheconfucianism,soitshowsitsuniquecharacteristicsofconnotation,constraintandnostalgia,anditreflectsthatisahigh-levelmaterialneedsorspiritualneeds.Bythetextfromthisthesis,wecaneasilyfindthattherestillexistvariousdifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternwineculture.ButwiththedevelopmentofculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandthewest,alongwiththestrengtheningofcommunicationbetweenChinaandthewest,Chinahasimportedvariouskindsofwesternwine.Thesemarkanewwesternwinecultureexchangesandinfiltration.Mostofnationshaveitsowncharacteristicwineandcustomofdrinkingwine.Thecultureofdrinkingwinehasendurablevitalityandcharacter.Theresearchofdrinkingcustomwillpromotetheunityofnationsandprogressofcivilization.BycomparingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncultureofwine,wefoundthatalthoughChineseandwesternhavetheirowndistinguishingfeatureinthewineculture,people’slovetowinearethesame.Fromthesubstancepointofview,wineplaysanimportantroleinhuman