语音学课件专题教育课件

AnIntroductiontoEnglishPhoneticsTextbookcompiler:ZhouKaocheng(2023)Lecturer:XuXuepingChapterIIntroduction

somedistinguishedphoneticians:HenrySweet(1845-1912),agreatpioneerofphoneticsinOxfordUniversity.Heregardedphoneticsas"theindispensablefoundationtothestudyoflanguage”.HisbestknownworksincludethePrimerofPhonetics,TheSoundsofEnglishandThePracticalStudyofLanguages.Hedistinguishedseparatesystemsforbroadandnarrowtranscription.DanialJones

(1881-1967)pupilofPaulPassy[Frenchphonetician,founderoftheInternationalPhoneticAssociation(IPA)],hewas,withthepossibleexceptionofHenrySweet,themostinfluentialfigureinthedevelopmentofpresent-dayphoneticsinBritain.HeisbestrememberedinternationallyforhisworksonthephoneticsofEnglish,particularlyhisOutlineofEnglishPhoneticsandEnglishPronouncingDictionary.Heestablishedthesystemofcardinalvowels.C.Gimson,pupilofDanialJones,professorofphoneticsintheUniversityofLondon.HeisfamousforhisEveryman’sEnglishPronouncingDictionary.张凤桐,pupilofA.C.Gimson,professorofphoneticsinSichuanUniversity,《英国英语语音学和音系学》（四川大学出版社）参照数目1.劳允栋.《英语语音学纲要》北京:商务印书馆.1983.

2.桂灿昆.《美国英语应用语音学》上海:上海外语教育出版社.1985.3.张凤桐.《英国英语语音学和音系学》成都:四川大学出版社.2023.1.GeneralTheoryPhonetics----thescientificstudyofspeechsounds(thenature,production,andperceptionofspeechsounds).ItincludesArticulatory,AcousticandAuditoryphonetics.

Articulatoryphonetics

studiesthehumanspeechorgans,andthewayinwhichthespeechsoundsareproduced.Acousticphonetics

studiesthephysicalpropertiesofthespeechsounds;itstudiesthesoundwavesthroughtheuseofsuchmachinesasthespectrograph.Auditory

phonetics

isthestudyofperceptionofsoundsbythehumanear,theauditorynerveandthebrain.Phonology----thestudyofthesoundsystemsofindividuallanguagesandofthenatureofsuchsystemgenerally.Themostbasicactivityinphonologyisphonemicanalysis,inwhichtheobjectiveistoestablishwhatthephonemesareandarriveatthephonemicinventoryofthelanguage.2.ReceivedpronunciationandvariantpronunciationsReceivedpronunciation(RP)----

anaccentofEnglishidentifiedbyDanielJonesascharacteristicofeducatedspeakersinthesouthofBritain.ItisreadilyandwidelyunderstoodthroughouttheEnglishspeakingcountriesandgenerallyrecommendedwhereEnglishistaughtandlearnedasaforeignlanguage.GeneralAmerican(GA)----

anaccentofthemajorityofspeakersofEnglishintheUSA,notspecifictoorstrikinglyindicativeofaparticularregion.VariantpronunciationsinRPVariantinsounds(orPhonemes)(p.4-5)Variantinstressshifted(p.6)3.Stylesofpronunciation(p.7)FormalstyleInformalstyleColloquialstyle4.PhoneticTranscriptionBroadtranscription

hassuchsymbols,eachofwhichrepresentsaphoneme.Narrowtranscription

hasdiacriticsaddedtotheone-lettersymbolstorepresentthevariantsofaphoneme.Vowelsanddiphthongs单元音

有变化

无变化

i→I

短元音

e

长元音

i:u→ʊ

æ

u:ɔ→ɒ

ә

ɔ:

ә:→ɜ:

Λ

ɑ:双元音

有变化ei→eI

әu→әʊ

iә