高三英语阅读理解之细节理解课件(共18张)

ReadingComprehension-阅读理解Readingcomprehension主旨和要义（主旨大意题）理解文章的基本结构（逻辑结构题）理解文中具体信息（细节理解题）根据文中信息做出判断和推理(推理判断题)猜词义题理解作者的意图，观点和态度Step1Revisiongoals(复习目标）1.让学生理解细节理解题正确选项和错误选项的设置方法。2.通过练习，让学生掌握细节理解题的解题技巧。Step2Interpretationoftestpoints(考点解读）

细节理解题在15道阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，以选择题的形式呈现。

Step3专题整合

&（和）Step4Practicerelatedtotheimportantpoints

（考题讲练）

第一讲细节理解题解题策略题型概述细节理解题解直接信息型语义理解型图文转换型是非辨别型事实排序型数字计算型[典例1]

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇)...Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic－likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironment－friendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.解析B根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”及关键词“expect”与最后一句中“hope”的呼应，可直接定位到最后一句话“该团队希望在不久的将来，将智能键盘推向市场”。故选B。1.定位对比破解直接信息题解题指导：审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文→比对选项与文中细节，得出答案。1[典例2]

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇)...SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.

23．Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A．JobsforYouth.B．SummerCompany.C．StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D．SummerEmploymentOpportunities.

解析D根据题干中的关键词“thedisabled(残疾人)”可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的“personswithadisability”两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D。2.同义互释破解间接信息题解题指导审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换(同义或近义词语)→逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。[典例3]

(2018·江苏高考·A篇)...Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊)onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult....56．Howmuchmaytheypayifan11­year­oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A．$12. B．$37.C．$50. D．$62.解析C根据题干关键词Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。3.整合推算破解数字计算题解题指导审读题干，提取关键信息→定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落→运用数学公式进行推算，得出答案。[典例4]

Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.

Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按压)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“She'salittlestar，”saidDebbie,“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.

What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstopped.A．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②解析通过速读原文我们可知第一件事是Colm'sheartstopped，而最后一件事是IzzykickedColm，故答案为B项。

4.首尾定位破解细节排序题解题指导审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。PracticeAnewly-publishedstudyhasshownthatlonelinesscanspreadfromonepersontoanother,likeadisease.ResearchersusedinformationfromtheFraminghamStudy,whichbeganin1948.TheFraminghamStudygathersinformationaboutphysicalandmentalhealth,personalbehavioranddiet.Atfirst,thestudyinvolvedabout5,000peopleintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Now,morethan12,000individualsaretakingpart.InformationfromtheFraminghamStudyshowedearlierthathappinesscanspreadfrompersontoperson.Socanbehaviorslikelitteringandtheabilitytostopsmoking.UniversityofChicagopsychologistJohnCacioppoledtherecentstudy….1.WhatistrueabouttheFraminghamStudy?Itwasonlyconductedin1948.Itinvolvesmorethan12,000participants.C.ItwasledbyJohnCacioppo.D.Itshowedthatanybehaviorcouldspread.★偷梁换柱张冠李戴扩大化UniversityofChicagopsychologistJohnCacioppoledtherecentstudy.Heandotherresearchersattemptedtoshowhowoftenpeoplefeltlonely.Theyfoundthatthefeelingoflonelinessspreadthroughsocialgroups.Havingasocialconnectionwithalonelypersonincreasedthechancesthatanotherindividualwouldfeellonely.Infact,afriendofalonelypersonwas52%morelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Afriendofthatpersonwas25%morelikely.Theresearcherssaythisshowsthatapersoncouldindirectlybeaffectedbysomeone’sloneliness.2.Ifyouareafriendofalonelyperson,youmay____be52%morelikelytohaveotherlonelyfriends.be25%morelikelytohavesocialconnectionwithothers.onlyhavelonelyfriends.beaffectedandfeellonelymoreeasily.★偷梁换柱偷梁换柱绝对化Theeffectwasstrongestamongfriends.Neighborswerethesecondmostaffectedgroup.Theeffectwasweakeronhusbandsandwives,andbrothersandsisters.Theresearchersalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.TheNewYorkTimesnewspaperreportsthat,onaverage,peopleexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessabout48daysayear.Italsofoundthateveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbyaboutf