2020上海徐汇区高三英语二模试卷

//////////////////////////////////2019学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2020.5Thewomanisgoingtoholdapartytomorrow.Themanasksthewomannottoattendtheparty.Thewomandoesn,tknowhowtogettotheparty.Thewomanisgoingtoholdapartytomorrow.Themanasksthewomannottoattendtheparty.Thewomandoesn,tknowhowtogettotheparty.Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.B.Tofixthedoorbell.D.Toaskforinstructions.B.Inarestaurant.D.Atthehotelreception.B.Shelostsomemoneylastyear.D.Sheishavinghealthproblems.B.Downloadingimages.D.Paintingpictures.B.Removethepowerplug.D.Startthecarengine.B.Thebeachresortisabetterchoice.D.Themanshoulddevelopatasteforart.I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Toanswerthedoor.C.Togetajob.A.Attheairport.C.Inabookingoffice.A.Shehaslostalotofweight.C.Shespentalotoncosmeticsurgery.A.Takingphotographs.C.Fixingcameras.A.Tokyoisacitywithashorthistory.Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.Hecanshowthewomanaroundthecity.HehaslivedinTokyoforalongtime.A.Shewillmeetthemaninhisoffice.Shehasanappointmentwiththeman.Shehadatrafficaccidentthatmorning.Shecan,tfinishmakingthejambefore9.A.Playsomemusic.C.Repairthesoundbox.A.Shecan,tstandthehotweather.C.Sheenjoysvisitingtheartmuseums.A.Heissatisfiedwithhisnewjob.B.Hewantshisworkloadtobeshared.C.Hedoesn,tlikehisnewoffice. D.Hegetspressurefromhisnewposition.徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第1页

/////////////////SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Apromotionofoutdoorclothes.B.AnintroductionofWestVirginia.C.Aweekendvacationtoafamousresort.D.Afreetriptoanunknowndestination.A.Regretful.B.Frustrating.C.Worthwhile.D.Comfortable.A.Mysterytrips.B.Outdooradventures.C.Socialmedia.D.Traveldestinations.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Goodsarescarceandhardtogetforordinaryconsumers.Peopleaimforsocialdistinctionthroughwhattheyown.Manufacturersmakemoremoneybymassproduction.Growthofconsumerismisrestrictedbyartificialproducts.A.Tocutdownonlabourcostsbyreducingworkinghours.Tomakecustomersfeeltheyownsomethingrare.Toincreasetheircoffeepricewithoutlosingcustomers.Tofocusmoreonqualityandcustomersatisfaction.A.Consumerawareness. B.Socialdistinction.C.Artificialscarcity. D.Massproduction.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Inthegym.B.Atabookstore.A.Waitforamonth.A.Inthegym.B.Atabookstore.A.Waitforamonth.C.Markonthebook.A.Themandoesn,tneedthebooknow.C.Thebookcoststoomuchforhim.A.Bargainwiththewoman.C.Wraphisbook.Atthelibrary.D.Intheclassroom.B.Keepthereceipt.D.Acceptadiscount.He,safraidhemightdamagethebook.Hepreferstheeditionwithfootnotes.B.Gotoanotherbookstore.D.SurftheInternet.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DiscoveringaLostBrotherKieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanelderbrothernamedVincent.Hisadoptionpapers,(21)徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第2页/////////////////(sign)whenhewasthreemonthsold,listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname.ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingaboutVincent,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.ThatchangedinDecember2017,whenKieron,sadoptiveparentsgavehimanDNAtestasaChristmasgift.Whenhisresultscameback,hewassurprised(22)(find)hehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatit(23)(label)“closefamily.”HisnamewasVincentGhant.KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.Whentheyconnected,itwas(24)theyhadknowneachothertheirwholelives.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother.(25)(surprisingly),theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects.VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandrememberscaringforhisbabybrother.Buttimesweretough,andShawn,whoworked15-plushoursadayasanurse,decidedthat(26)(place)Kieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed.“Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime,tothepoint(27)itwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened,”Vincentsays.Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek.OneofVincent,sconcernswasthatKieron(28)hatehisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption.HewasrelievedKierondidn,t,and(29)he,dgrownupinalovingfamily.Afterthatfirstmeeting,thebrothersplayedfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies.“We/llkeepgrowingourrelationship(30)it,stimetoleavethisplanet,”saysVincent.Thatshouldn'tbehard.AsKieronsays,“We'vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon.”SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.motive B.deliberately C.convinced D.injurious E.alertsF.desperately G.swept H.accounts I.unconscious J.preservingK.chargingWhyHumpbackWhales(座头鲸)ProtectOtherSpeciesfromKillerWhalesRobertPitman,amarineecologist,describesanencounterhewitnessedinAntarcticain2009.AgroupofkillerwhaleswereattackingaWeddellseal.Thesealswam31towardapairofhumpbacksthathadinsertedthemselvesintotheaction.Oneofthehumpbacksrolledoveronitsback,andthesealwas32ontoitschest,betweenthewhale,smassiveflipper(鳍).“Thatincident33me,”hesays.“Thosehumpbacksweredoingsomethingwecouldn,texplain.”Pitmanstartedaskingotherresearchersandwhalewatcherstosendhimsimilar34.Soonhewasreadingthroughobservationsof115encountersbetweenhumpbacksandkillerwhales,recordedover62years.“Therearesomeprettyastonishingvideosofhumpbacks_35killerwhales,”hesays.徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第3页/////////////////Ina2016articleinMarineMammalScience,afamousscientificjournal,Pitmanandhisco-authorsdescribethisbehaviourandconfirmthatsuchactsofdo-goodingarewidespread.Butknowingthatsomethingishappeningandunderstandingwhyit,shappeningaretwodifferentthings.Pitmanandhisco-authorsopenlyreflectedonthemeaningoftheseencounters.“Why,”theywrote,“wouldhumpbacks36interferewithattackingkillerwhales,spendingtimeandenergyonapotentially37activity,especiallywhenthekillerwhales…wereattackingotherspeciesofprey?”Interestingly,humpbacksdon,tjusthitonkiller-whaleattacks.Theyracetowardthemlikefirefightersintoburningbuildings.Andlikethoserescueworkers,humpbacksdon,tknowwhoisindangeruntiltheygetthere.That,sbecausethesoundthat38themtoanattackisn,tthesadvoiceofthevictim.It'stheexcitedcallsofthekillerwhales.Pitmanbelieveshumpbackshaveonesimpleinstruction:“Whenyouhearkillerwhalesattacking,gobreakitup.”Iwonderwhathumpbackwhalescaredeeplyenoughabouttoactivelyswimintobattlewithkillerwhales.WhenIaskPitman,hetellsmethat,itstillcomesdowntoselfishly39theirownkind.Hebelievesthattheiroccasionalrescuesofhumpbackcalves（后代）createastrongenough40forthemtorushintohelp,evenifitmeanstheyendupsavingsunfish,sealions,dolphinseverynowandthen.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thetruepurposeofabusiness,PeterDruckersaid,istocreateandkeeDcustomers.“Customervalue”hasseveraldefinitions.Iusethe41tomeanthetotallifetimevalueofacompany'scustomerbase.Companiescanincreasethisvalueby42morecustomers,earningmorebusinessfromexistingones,keepingthemlonger,makingtheirexperiencesimplerthroughdigitalimprovementsandsoon.43leadershavelongunderstoodtheimportanceofconcentratingoncustomervalueratherthanpursuingshort-termprofitsorquarterlyearnings,andthey,vebecomeenduringcustomerloyaltyleadersintheprocess.It,sworthnotingthatanumberofloyalty-leadingcompaniesareableto44shareholderpressure,oravoiditaltogether,becausetheyarefounder-led,customer-owned,ornotpubliclytraded.Companiescan45customervalueinavarietyofways:Toincrease46,enterprisesoftwarecompaniessometimeschargecorporatecustomerschangefeesthatcanraisethetotalcostofownershiptoasmuchasthreetimestheoriginalprice.Toreduceoperatingcosts,restaurantchainssometimes47frozenandprecookedingredientsinplaceoffreshandmade-to-orderfood.Theresultingprofitsmaylookgoodontheincomestatement.Suchstrategiesmayevenleadtoshort-termearningsgrowth.Buttheyalso48potentialcustomersandencouragedisloyalty.Giventheimportanceofcustomervalue,leadersshouldtrackitasmuchastheytrackother徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第4页/////////////////keyassets(资产),suchasbuildings,machinery,andmarketablesecurities.Theyalsoshouldrevealitintheirquarterlyandannualearningsreleasessothatinvestorscanmake49judgmentsaboutcompanyperformanceandhowitcompareswiththatofindustrypeers.Butmostcompanies50believethatmeasuringcustomervalueistoodifficultorcostly.Theycontinuetorelyonacenturies-oldaccountingtraditionthatemphasizesphysicalandfinancialassets,andneitherincomestatementsnorbalancesheetsoffermuch51intothevalueofacompany,scustomers.Asinvestorswakeuptotheimportanceofcustomervalue,however,manygrowth-stagecompaniesnowdirectinvestors,attentionto52ingrowingthevalueoftheircustomerbase.Somepubliccompaniesincreasinglyreportvarioustypesofcustomervaluemetrics(指标).OneoftheUK,stopenergysuppliersE.ON,53,reportsyear-over-yearcustomercountsinitsfinancialreport.“Asacustomer-focusedcompany,”E.ONnoted,“weseecustomervalueascrucialtooursuccess.”Thisisastart,butbecausetherearenocustomer-valuereportingstandardsorrequirements,investorsstillhavea(n)54picture.Theminorityofcompaniesthatdoprovidecustomervalueinformationdecideforthemselveswhattodisclose.55,firmsmaycalculatecustomermetricsdifferentlyorchangethemtotelladesiredstory,orsimplystopreportingthemiftheyfailtogowiththecompany/spreferrednarrative.41.A.itemB.versionC.termD.definition42.A.persuadingB.consultingC.acquiringD.inspecting43.A.ConsiderateB.VisionaryC.DeterminedD.Powerful44.A.resistB.relieveC.intensifyD.maintain45.A.raiseB.adoptC.calculateD.destroy46.A.incomeB.experienceC.productivityD.demand47.A.separateB.substituteC.forbidD.combine48.A.appealtoB.relyonC.putdownD.scareoff49.A.informedB.subjectiveC.definitiveD.independent50.A.fullyB.hardlyC.readilyD.wrongly51.A.suspicionB.extensionC.literacyD.visibility52.A.sacrificeB.successC.prejudiceD.expense53.A.asaresultB.forexampleC.onthecontraryD.ingeneral54.A.incompleteB.depressingC.convincingD.vivid55.A.InsteadB.FurtherC.OtherwiseD.ThereforeSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Aristotlethoughtthefacewasawindowontoaperson/smind.Ciceroagreed.Twothousandyearspassed,andfacialexpressionsarestillcommonlythoughttobeauniversallyvalidwayto徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第5页/////////////////judgeotherpeople'fseelingsirrespectivofage,sexandcultureAraisedeyebrowsuggestsconfusion.Asmileindicateshappiness.Ordothey?Ananalysiofhundredsofresearchpapersthatexaminedtherelationshipbetweenfacialexpressionsandunderlyingemotionshasuncoveredasurprisingconclusion:thereisnogoodscientifevidencetosuggestthattherearesuchthingsasrecognizablfacialexpressionforbasicemotionswhichareuniversaacrossculturesJustbecauseapersonisnotsmiling,theresearchersfound,doesnotmeanthatpersonisunhappy.Thismayraisequestionsabouttheeffortsofinformation-technologycompaniestodevelopartificial-intelligenneithms£法)whichcanrecognizefaciaexpressionsindworkoutaperson'underlyin理motionalstateMicrosoftforexample,claimsits“EmotioiAPI”isabletodetectwhatpeoplearefeelingbyexaminingvideofootageofthem.tAnotheryosauthors,however,expressedcepticismAleixMartinez,acomputerengineeratOhioStateUniversity,saidthatcompaniesattemptingtoobtainemotionsfromimagesoffaceshavefailedtounderstandtheimportanceofcontext.Forastart,facialexpressionisbutoneofanumberofijoauvhrhalbwaysposture,thatpeopleusetocommunicatewitheachother.Machinerecognitionofemotionneedstotakeaccountoftheseaswell.Butcontextcanreachfurtherthanthat.DrMartinezmentionedanexperimentinwhichparticipantswereshownupcpdctureofaman'sface,whichwasbrightredwithhismouthopeninascream.Basedonthisalone,mostparticipantaidthemanwasextremelyangry.Thenthewholepicturewasshown.Itwasafootbalplayerwithhisarmsoutstretched,celebratingagoal.Hisangry-lookingfacewas,infact,ashowofpurejoy.Giventhatpeoplecannotguesseachother'semotionalstatesmostofthetime,DrMartinezseesnoreasoncomputerswouldbeablgTherearecompaniesrightnowclaimingtobeabletodothatandapplythistoplacesIfindreallyscaryanddangerous,forexample,inhiringpeoplesays.“Somecompaniesrequireyoutopresentavideoresume,whichisanalyzedbyamachine-learningsystem.Anddependingonyourfacialexpressions,theyhireyouornot,whichIfindreallyshocking.”56.Wecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthat.facialexpressionsareuniversalacrossculturesitishardtorecognizesomefacialexpressionsemotionsandfacialexpressionsmaynotberelatedcommonfacialexpressionsconveysimilarmeaningsInthepassage,thewscdptici施(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.similarinteresB.fierceangerC.strongsupportD.greatdoubtTheexperimentmentionedbyDrMartinezmayprovethat.facialexpressionisanimportantwaytocommunicatemachinerecognitionofemotionisnotreliableatallfacialexpressionisnottheonlywaytodetectfeelingspeoplemaymisreadfacialexpressionsforlackofcontext59.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?Facialexpressionsareamongthemostuniversalformsofbodylanguage.徐汇区高三英语本卷共n页第6页/////////////////Computerscandetectpeople,smindbyanalyzingtheirfacialexpressions.Facialexpressionsmaynotbethereliablereflectionofaperson,semotions.Companiescandependonmachinerecognitionofemotiontohirepeople.（B）IMPROVEYOURWRITING WRITINGINSPIRATIONGETPUBLISHEDRESOURCESFoundedin1887,TheWriteraimstoexpandandsupporttheworkofprofessionalwriterswithastraightforwardpresentationofindustryinformation,writinginstructionandprofessionalandpersonalmotivation.Ifyou,repassionateaboutbooks,authors,andwriting,you,llfindeverythingyouneedwithinourpages12timesayear.Oureditorsareinterestedinqueryletters（投稿信）onconcretetopicswrittenbyemergingandexperiencedwriters.Wearelookingforcleartakeawayforourreaders:Whatcantheylearntoimprovetheirwritingoradvancetheircareers?Whatspecifichow-totipsandstrategieswillaccomplishthis?Inadditiontoafleshed-outoutlineofyourstoryideaandanestimatedwordcount,queriesshouldincludeabriefdescriptionofyourbackground.Forpersonalessays,wepreferwriterstoattachorpastethefinishedpieceintheirqueryemail.Wedonotacceptmaterialthathasbeenpreviouslypublishedinanyforminprintoronline.Queriesshouldbesentbye-mailtotweditorial@.Allqueriessenttoanyotheraddresswillbedeleted.Unfortunately,wereceivehundredsofletterseveryweekandcannotrespondtoallofthem.Ifyouhaven/theardfromusintwoweeks,pleasefeelfreetomoveyoursubmission（投稿）toanotherpublication.Ifyou/reunfamiliarwithourmagazine,werecommendreadingafewissues,subscribing,oratleastsigningupforournewslettertogetafeelforthekindofworkwepublish.Articlelengthsvarywidelyfrom300to3,000words.Werecommendwritersaskthemselvesthefollowingquestionsbeforequerying.Itisn'tnecessarytoincludetheminyourquery,butwefindit'sagoodwaytohelpusunderstandhowyourpiecebestfitsinourpages:Howspecificallywillthisstoryideahelpourreadersbecomemoreinformedwriters?Whyisthisparticularideatimelyorrelevant?Whyareyoutheperfectpersontowritethispiece?Wepreferelectronicqueries.Pleasedonotmailqueries.Paymentvaries.ThankyouforconsideringasubmissiontoTheWritermagazine,thevoiceofimagination,creation,andpublicationsince1887.徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第7页/////////////////Accordingtothepassage,TheWritermagazineprovidespracticalsuggestionsonawritingcareerrespondstoallthequerylettersfromthereadersintroducessuccessfulwritersandtheirworksonlyprefershandwrittenqueriestoelectroniconesWhensendingaqueryletter,acontributormustA.answerthethreequestionsfirstC.subscribetothemagazineWhatisthispassagemainlyabout?Magazinerecommendations.C.Publishedstories.attachaprintedversionofthestoryD.includeabriefself-introductionB.Submissionguidelines.D.Subscriptioninformation.（C）Therehas,inrecentyears,beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment.Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesign,strivestoconvinceothersofitsefficacy（功效）andwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue.Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners,suchasthosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding,onhowtousethisknowledgeonapracticallevel.Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof“green”constructioninthearchitecturalindustry,abletolistenoughreasonswhybuildingsshouldbedesignedinasustainableway,nottomentionplentyofarchitecturalfirmswithexperienceingreendesign,thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing.Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;thatis,thepersonfinancingtheproject.Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant,orofsecondaryimportance,thenmorethanlikely,itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign.Thecommissioning（委任）processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants,intermsofdesign,costsandrisk.Atthepredesignstage,theowner,sobjectivesandexpectationsarediscussedanddocumented.Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas.Ownerswhoskipthecommissioningprocess,orfailtotake“green”issuesintoaccountwhendoingso,oftencomeacropperoncetheirbuildingisupandrunning.Materialsandequipmentareinstalledasplanned,and,atfirstglance,appeartofulfiltheirpurposeadequately.However,intime,theownerrealizesthatoperationalandmaintenancecostsarehigherthannecessary,andthattheoccupantsaredissatisfiedwiththeresults.Thesefactorsinturnleadtohigherownershipcostsaswellasincreasedenvironmentalimpact.Insomecases,anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign.However,firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthattheclientalreadyhasanideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe.Indeed,thisinitialinteractionbetweenownerandfirmistheidealtimeforadesignertooutlineandpromotethewaysthatgreendesigncanmeettheclient,sobjectives,thusturningaprojectoriginallynotdestinedforgreendesignintoapotentialcandidate.Typically,whenconsideringwhetherornottoadoptagreenapproach,anownerwillask徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第8页/////////////////aboutadditionalcostsorreturnforinvestment.Inatypicalproject,landscapearchitects,mechanicalandelectricalengineersdonotbecomeinvolveduntilamuchlaterstage.However,ingreendesign,theymustbeinvolvedfromtheoutset,sincegreendesigndemandsinteractionbetweenthesedisciplines.Thisincreasedcooperationclearlyrequiresadditionalcost.However,theremaybefinancialadvantagefortheclientinchoosingagreenerdesign.Thereareexamplesofgreendesignswhichhavedemonstratedlowercostsforlong-termoperation,ownershipandevenconstruction.Whatisthemainreasonforthelackofgreenbuildingsbeingdesignedaccordingtothepassage?Fewfirmshaveenoughexperienceindesigningandconstructinggreenbuildings.Constructioncompaniesareunawareofthebenefitsofsustainabledesigns.Firmsdonotgettodecidewhetherabuildingistobeconstructedsustainably.Firmstendtoconvinceclientsthatotherfactorsaremoreimportantthansustainability.Thephrase“comeacropper”probablymeans.A.experiencemisfortune B.changeone,smindC.noticethebenefits D.makeastartWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Mostclientshaveaclearideaofwhethertheywantagreenbuildingatthebeginning.Greenbuildingsaremostlikelytocostmoremoneythanconventionalbuildings.Thecommissioningprocessoffersagoodopportunitytobringupthesubjectofgreendesign.D.Firmsshouldavoidworkingwithclientswhorejectgreendesignsintheirbuildings.Thewriter,smainpurposeisto.explaintheimportanceofcommunicationwhenabuildingiscommissionedemphasizetheimportanceofgreenbuildingdesigninprotectingtheenvironmentexplaintobuildingownerswhyignoringgreenissuesiscostlyanddangerousD.informprofessionalshowtheycaninfluenceclientstochoosegreenerdesignsSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theculturalbreakthroughcamein2014withaveryspecificpodcast—Serial.Butifyouareacelebrity,podcastscanprovideanewbranchofbusiness.Andnow,despitethegrowthinsmartphonesofferinghigh-definitionpictures,thepopularityofpodcastsisbooming.Nowtheboominpodcastingembracesahugerangeoftalent,fromprofessionalbroadcasterstoenthusiastsofferinginsightsonanythingandeverything.Podcastsofferachancetospeaktoaverypreciseselectionofpeople.Butwheredidthistrendformakingportableaudioprogrammesbegin?徐汇区高三英语本卷共11页第9页/////////////////ThePodcast(播客)BoomDoyouprefertowatchTVorlistentotheradio?Therewasatimewhensomepeoplethoughtmovingpictureswouldspelltheendoftuningintotheradioforentertainmentandinformation.Butradiosurvivedandboomed.(67)Perhapsthegrowthinpodcastingisnotsurprising——itoffersadigitalaudiofilethatcanbedownloadedandstoredforlisteningatanytime.ItcanalsobestreamedfromtheinternetandplayedonacomputerorMP3player.Andit,snotjustbroadcasters,liketheBBC,whoareproducingpodcasts:nowcommercialbroadcasters,individualsandcompanieswithnoconnectiontobroadcastingaremakingthem.Infact,anyonewithsomethingtosay,andafewpoundstospendontheequipment,cangetinvolved.Thedigitalaudiofilesarecheaptoproduceand,thankstotheinternet,easytodistribute.(68)JournalistBenHammersleytoldtheBBCthat“twochangestransformedthemarket——oneculturalandonetechnical.”Atechnicalbreakthroughcamein2012whenAppleproducedtheiPhonepodcastapp,whichprovedapopularlibrarysystemforlisteners.Thiswasfollowedbyadramaticimprovementininexpensiverecordingproductionandeditingequipment.Finally,thedevelopmentof4Gmobilephoneconnectionsandwidespreadwi-fimeantlistenerscouldbrowse,downloadorstreamshowswhenevertheywanted.(69)ItwasapieceofinvestigativejournalismhostedbySarahKoenig,tellinganon-fictionstoryovermultipleepisode4集).Todate,thefirstandsecondseasonsoftheshowhavehadmorethan340milliondownloads.Advertiserssoonrealizedthemoney-makingpotentialofthisandothersuccessfulpodcasts.Andwheretheaudiencegoes,themoneyfollows.From2017to2018advertisingspendingonpodcastsintheUKwentfrom$10.6m(£8.5m)to$19.7m,an85%increase,accordingtoOvum.(70)Infact,asBenHammersleyexplains,podcastinghasbroughtpeopleintobroadcastingwhowo