兽医师猫传染病专题中文4fhv esavs katrin

ViralCausesofUpperRespiratoryTractDiseaseFeline KatrinProf.Dr.med.vet.,Dr.habil.,Dipl.ECVIM- ilians-Universität10weeksoldhistorywaspurchasedabreeder1week nextstartedsneezingandnasaldischargevaccinatedsinglecatonlyphysical veryquiet,shiveringsevereconjunctivitisright>lefteyemildserousnasal- feline -猫疱 =felines feline Chlamydophila la smaspp.(e.g.M.支原体（例如，猫支原体other

nasaldisch鼻分泌物 Lameness跛+-+++--+++-+---+-+---+- swab 拭子（结膜=>multiplexPCR(FCV,FHV,Chlamydophila多元性PCR（猫杯 ，猫疱 ，猫衣原体swab 拭子（结膜=>cytology(forChlamydophila细胞学（用于猫衣原体swab

positiveforFHVChlamydophilafeliscytology细胞=>ChlamydophilafelisinclusionEtiology病因学bigenvelopedonlyonesingle

pathogenesisonnaturalconditionsonlyrestrictivereplication(<=>replicationin"cold"noviremiaatbody自然条件下发病机制仅存在温度限制 方式（<37在“冷的” -multifocalnecrosisofepithelial-上皮细胞多灶性坏

FHV–byocularandnasaldischarge,(1to3weekperiod1-3

generallydirect,大多数情况时直接indirecttransmissionpossiblecarrier

lessstableintheenvironment(upto24hours长达24persistsin withoutshedding不发生排毒periodsofshedding(1to2weeks)after免疫抑制后（1-2周）会发生排susceptiblecatFHV-Carrier susceptiblecat携带状(mayshowclinical排毒的携带（可能表现临床症状catwithacuteFHV急性4-

e(e.g.boarding,goingtostud,catshow,epidemiologicallyimportant)goesnoevidenceself-riableperiodofriableperiodofFHV–Clinicalsneezing喷 96nasaldischarge鼻分泌 52ulcersintheoralcavitiy口腔溃 4MacLachlan&Burgess,ocular facialdermatitisChronic慢性鼻SevereTracheitis/ Keratitis角膜

OcularkeratoconjunctivitissymblepharonMD_info/md_HSK1consequenceofgeneralreplicationinthe FacialHargis&Ginn,ulcerativefacial erythematous,erosive,characterizedby

Scott&Scott&Craig,Scott&Craig,FHV–detectionofdetection cytology(inclusion细胞学（包涵体 抗原isolation(cell分离（细胞培养

notrarelytofindsensitiveandvery difficultifconcurrentFCVinfection FHVFHV–TreatmentSupportiveNutrition营appetitestimulation食欲刺diazepam0.050.25mg/kgIV(immediate 0.250.5mg/kgq12hPO(longerapplication)0.51mg/kgq12hPO(longerapplication长期运用Mirtazapine3mg/Ktz.vitamins(mucosal 维生素（黏膜重建vitaminA5000IU/kgq24hvitaminC80mg/kgq8hvitaminBcomplexq48hEsophageal食道Antiviraldrugsagainst localtreatmentsystemic

局部治疗（眼部specificantibodies(Feliserin®特定抗Antiviraldrugsagainst localtreatmentsystemic

specificantibodies(Feliserin®特定抗AntiviralEffectinFHVand -1,4-50,3-513,0-*lowIC50highefficacy高度有In-vitro-datafromdifferentstudies不同研究的离体试验数LocalOcular局部眼部治>====>>>Maggs,

pictureU.Dietrich,三氟尿trifluridine(Triflumann®eye1eyedrops1%眼滴verygoodefficacyagainstFHVin离体试验对FHV很有excellentpenetrationoftheirritationoftheeye对眼有刺expensiveonday1q1h,afterwardsq3(-4)第一天1小时一次，之后每3-4小时一碘idoxuridine0,1eyedrops0.1%眼滴0,5eyeointment0.5%眼软goodefficacyagainstFHVin离体试验对FHV效果toleratedverywellbycats猫的耐受性很relativelyinexpensive(formulatedby相对便宜（药房开具q4h每4小时一Viradabineviradabine(Vidarabin3%3eye 3%的眼软goodefficacyagainstFHVin离体试验对FHV效果很toleratedverywellby猫的耐受性q46 每4(-6)小时一cidofovir1dropof0,5cidofovirq12hreductionofsymptomsandviral减轻症状 的脱expensivescarringofthenasolacrimalduct鼻泪管 （人Cidofovir:Experimental12catswithexperimentalFHV-12只猫6catscidofovirtopical)6只运用cidofovir（局部1dropof0,5%cidofovirin1%carboxymethylcelluloseinbotheyesq12hfor10days6 6只猫给安慰clinicalsigns临床症amountofviral 脱落的数Fontenelleetal.,AntiviralDrugsagainst localtreatmentsystemic

specificantibodies(Feliserin®特定抗commerciallyavailiablee.g.asZovirax® modeofaction作用的模 核苷类似 interfereswithDNA-replicationof 干扰疱 DNA isonlyactivatedinherpesinfected只在疱 的细胞中有活Dosage剂 10mg/kgq8hSC,IV,PO(ortopicalapplication或是局部给sideeffects lowtoxicity低毒=>damageofrenal肾小管损 localirritationif如果注射有局部刺AntiviralEffectinFHVand -1,4-50,3-513,0-*lowIC50highefficacy高有效In-vitro-datafromdifferentstudies来自不同研究的体外实验数SelectivityofSelectivityof acyclovirSelectivityof acyclovir

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acyclovirlowaffinitytocellularDNA对细胞DNA聚合酶的Valacyclovir:Experimental24SPF-cats(experimentalFHV-infection) 12catsvalacyclovir(60mg/kgPOq612只运用12cats nodifferencein“ocularsigns”对“眼部症状 不severesideeffects严重的副反-ety肾毒FamciclovirfamcicloviractivatedinFHV-infectedcells在 bythymidinkinaseof casereports

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ocularchangesn4)rhinosinusitis(n dermatitisn4皮-62,5mg/catq8–12hPO(n=125mg/catq12hPO(n=4)toleratedwellover4months 泛昔洛famciclovircasereports23catsofdifferentowners ocular,dermatologic,respiratorysigns93(70–141)mg/kgPOq814,5(7–63)17catswithmarkedimprovement74%) Thomasy&Maggs,Famciclovirshouldn‘teverycatbedosagepresumably...40mg/kgq8h(untilimprovement)（直到有改善nosideeffects(evenifgivenover没有副作用（尽管给药超过几个月Scott&Craig,humaninterferon-a,felineinterferon-antiviraleffects assemlyand cytokine,immunomodulatoryDosage huIFN-ahighdose105IU/kgq24hSQ(shortterm huIFN-alowdose1(-50)IUq24hPO(longterm feIFN-w106IU/kgSQq24hon5 Spectrum infectionssideeffects rarelyallergicreactions(huIFN-FelineIFN-ωagainstinhibitionofFHVreplicationinefficacyfelineinterferon-ω>>>humaninterferon-Siebecketal.,Interferoninvitro干扰素-离体试interferoninvitro干扰素-1–5x10^5IU/mlrhIFNαor-reducedFHV-1–titerandcytopathic减少FHV-1滴度以及细胞病理作-inhigherconcentrations高浓度IFNωSandmeyeretal.AJVR2005;66:210-216Slebecketal.AJVR2006;67:1406-141110or100IU/ml8-foldreductionoftheacyclovir– particularlywithIFNα–Weiss. 50:1672-FelineIFN-ωagainstHaidetal.,FelineIFN-ωagainstexperimentalFHVinfectionin9SPF试验造 9只5catsfelineinterferon-ω(starting2daysbefore5只用猫干扰素w（用药前2天103IU/catq12htopicallyintobotheyes203IU/catq24h4 cebo4nosignificantdifferenceinHaidetal.,FelineIFN-ωagainstexperimentalFHVinfectionin9SPF试验造 9只5catsfelineinterferon-ω(starting2daysbefore5只用猫干扰素w（用药前2天103IU/catq12htopicallyintobotheyes203IU/catq24h4 cebo4nosignificantdifferenceinclinicalscoreHaidetal.,FelineIFN-ωagainstexperimentalFHVinfectionin9SPF试验造 9只5catsfelineinterferon-ω(starting2daysbefore5只用猫干扰素w（用药前2天103IU/catq12htopicallyintobotheyes203IU/catq24h4 cebo4nosignificantdifferenceinclinicalscore Haidetal.,FelineIFN-ωagainstexperimentalFHVinfectionin9SPF试验造 9只5catsfelineinterferon-ω(starting2daysbefore5只用猫干扰素w（用药前2天103IU/catq12htopicallyintobotheyes203IU/catq24h4 cebo4nosignificantdifferenceinclinicalscore period Haidetal.,FelineIFN-ωagainstexperimentalFHVinfectionin9SPF试验造 9只5catsfelineinterferon-ω(starting2daysbefore5只用猫干扰素w（用药前2天103IU/catq12htopicallyintobotheyes203IU/catq24h4 cebo4nosignificantdifferenceinclinicalscore period significantlyhigherscoreforepithelialHaidetal.,FelineIFN-ωagainstexperimentalFHVinfectionin9SPF试验造 9只5catsfelineinterferon-ω(starting2daysbefore5只用猫干扰素w（用药前2天103IU/catq12htopicallyintobotheyes203IU/catq24h4 cebo4nosignificantdifferenceinclinicalscore period significantlyhigherscoreforepithelialidetl.207有 antiviraleffects neutralizing forprophylaxissingleinjection fortreatment3xSQ(3consecutive治疗剂量3倍（连续3天Spectrum , , sideeffects anaphylacticreactionincats 猫的过敏作用（重复使用L-Lysineaminoacid( ogueofarginine)activeinvitro(Maggsetal.,2000)离体试验有作inacuteFHVinfection在急性lesssevereclinicalsigns(Stilesetal.,inchronicFHVinfections在慢性reducedriskofreactivation(Maggsetal.2003)减少反应风nosideeffects无副反Cheap500mg/catq12hmixedwithsmallamountsofmoistL-LysineasFoodnewstudiesofefficacyinanimal在动物上作用的新研supplementwithL-lysineforcatswithenzooticcat提供给患有地方性猫noeffect无作Maggsetal.nutritionalsupplementationofL-lysineaspreventionofcatfluinanimalshelter=>noeffectRees&LubinskinutritionalsupplementationofL-lysinetotreatcatfluinanimal=>no作为治疗猫流感的营养补 无作(ratheraggravationofsymptomsandriseofviralshedding症状加重以 排毒增 缺少精氨酸Drazenovichetal.,

ckLysine赖氨efficacyinFHV-1–infected受FHV- decreasedreplicationinvitro(viaarginine离体试验 降低（同精氨酸的类似物相比clinical conjunctivitis(youngcats)结膜炎减少（幼猫shedding(adult 排毒减少（青年250/500mg–depotSIDnotcounter-productiveasfoodLactoferrin lianiron-bindingproducedbymucosalepithelialantibacterial