2020嘉定一中高三下4月周考卷

2020嘉定一中高三下英语周测□.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Shouldweallowmodernbuilding(21)(build)nexttoolderonesinahistoricalareasofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexamine(22)peoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons,forexample,economicreasons(23)theyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.24)shouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstyle(25)existperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesign26)(place)verysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.(27)thebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominateitssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilttheareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimply(28)peoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange.Althoughwehavetorespectpeople,sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagain6t29)(copy)previousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,(30)thatmightbethemoreriskychoice.SectionB(10points)Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.preferencesB.evaluatesC.benefitD.fortunatelyE.confidenceF.organizationsG.unsurprisinglyH.conductedI.purchasingJ.rankedK.ethicalTheAustralianstateofVictoriaisinvestinginaprogramtoidentifynewopportunitiesforitsfoodandagricultureindustries.Aspartofthisinitiativethegovernment31extensiveresearchtoidentifywhichattributesofagoodproductaremostimportanttoconsumers.Asincomelevelsriseandeducationlevelsimprove,consumersacrosstheworldarebecominginterestedinmorethanjustthepriceandqualityofthefoodtheyeat.Indeed,someconsumersarenowwillingtopayextramoneyforfoodwithaspecialnutritionalorhealth32.Inaddition,someconsumersarealsochoosingfoodbasedonhowitwasproduced,includingtheenvironmentaland33impactofproduction.Victoria,sDepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesdesignedandresearchedareportthatanalyzes34forfoodproductswith“trust”attributes,specificallyfoodsafety,cleanfood,greenfood,animalwelfareandethicalfoodproduction.Thereportalso1/9determinestherelativeimportanceofthefivenominated“trust''attributesand35theirimportanceinrelationtonon-trustattribute,ssuchaspriceandquality.“Consumersarebecomingincreasinglyinsightfulwhenmaking36decisions,andVictoria,sabilitytodemonstratethetrustworthinessoffoodproductswillbevitaltomaintainconsumer37inpriorityexportmarkets,“thereportsays.BetweenFebruaryandJune2004,theDPIinterviewed280foodindustryshareholders,includingretailers,wholesalers,foodservicemanagers,importersdistributorsandrepresentativesofgovernment,industrybodiesandnongovernment38,in21ofVictoria,smajorfoodmarkets,includingFrance,Japan,theUKandtheUS.Theresearchfound,perhaps39,thatprice,qualityandfoodsafetywerethemostimportantfactorsforconsumers,witheachfactor40asthemostimportantby18-20%ofrespondents.Infourthplace,8%ofrespondentsfeltflavorwasthemostimportantattributeofafoodproductforcustomerswhile6%thoughtfreshnesswasmostimportant,and3%thoughttheappearancepackagingwasmostimportant.Healthnutrition,brandimage,andcleanchemicalfreewereeachconsideredmostimportantbyjust1-2%ofinterviewees.□.ReadingComprehension(15points)Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.FromOxford,squadstoHarvardYardandmanyasteelandglasspalaceofhighereducationinbetween,examsaregivenwaytoholidays.Asstudentsconsiderlifeaftergraduation,universitiesare41questionsabouttheirownfuture.Thehigher-educationmodeloflecturing,crammingandexaminationhasbarely 42forcenturiesNow,threedisruptivewavesarethreateningtoshakeestablishedwaysofteachingandlearning.Ononefront,afunding43hascreatedashortageoffundthattheuniversitiesbrightestbrainsarestrugglingtosolve.Institutions,costsarerising,44priceyinvestmentsintechnology,teachers,salariesandincreasingadministrativecosts.Thatcomesasgovernmentsconcludethattheycannolongeraffordtosubsidize(补贴)universitiesas45astheyusedto.Americancolleges,inparticular,areunderpressure:someanalystspredictmassbankruptcieswithintwodecades.Atthesametime,a(n)46revolutionischallenginghighereducation'sbusinessmodel.A(n)47inonlinelearning,muchofitfree,meansthattheknowledgeoncealuckyfewhadexcesstohasbeenreleasedtoanyonewithasmartphoneorlaptop.These48andtechnologicaldisruptionscoincidewithathirdgreatchange:whereasuniversitiesusedtoeducateonlyatinyelite,theyarenow49trainingandretrainingworkersthroughouttheircareers.Howwillthey50thisstorm-andwhatwillemergeintheirplaceiftheydon,t?Theuniversitiesleastlikelytoloseouttoonlinecompetitorsareeliteinstitutionswithestablishedreputationsandlowstudent-to-tutorratios.Thatis51newsfortheIvyLeague,whichoffernetworkingopportunitiestostudentsalongsideadegree.Thosecollegesmightprofitfromexpandingtheratioofonlinelearningtoclassroomteaching,loweringtheircostswhilestillofferingtheprizeofacollegeeducationconductedpartlyoncampus.Themostvulnerable,accordingtoJimLermanofKeanUniversityinNewJersey,arethe“middle-tierinstitutions,whichproduceAmerica,steachers,middlemanagersandadministrators”Theycouldbe52ingreaterpartbyonlinecourses,hesuggests.Somightweakercommunitycolleges,althoughthosewhichcultivateconnectionstolocalemployersmightyetproveresilient（有弹力的）.Sincethefirstwaveofmassiveonlinecourseslaunchedin2012,anoppositionhasfocusedontheir53andcommercialuncertainties.YetifcriticsthinktheyareimmunetothemarchoftheMOOC,theyarealmostcertainlywrong.Whereasonlinecoursescanquickly 54theircontentanddeliverymechanisms,universitiesareupagainstseriouscostandefficiencyproblems,withlittlechancesoftakingmorefromthepublicpurse.Withoutthepersonaltouch,highereducationcouldbecome“anicebound,petrified（石化的）cast-ironuniversity.”Thatiswhatthenewwaveofhigh-techcoursesshouldnotbecome.Butasa（n）55toanoverstretched,expensivemodelofhighereducation,theyaremorelikelytoprosperthanfade.41.A.answeringB.facingC.settlingD.guessing42.A.reviewedB.existedC.substitutedD.changed43.A.situationB.trendC.crisis D.relief44.A.owingtoB.apartfromC.exceptfor D.ratherthan45.A.patientlyB.generouslyC.naturally D.ignorantly46.A.technologicalB.professionalC.educationalD.geographical47.A.differenceB.emphasisC.harmony D.explosion48.A.fundamentalB.administrativeC.financial D.psychological49.A.responsibleforB.eagerforC.curiousaboutD.enthusiasticabout50.A.observeB.chaseC.witnessD.survive51.A.shockingB.goodC.annoying D.neutral52.A.promotedB.replacedC.maintainedD.marketed53.A.failureB.projectsC.innovation D.progress54.A.resistB.releaseC.adjust D.resemble55.A.objectB.relationC.implicationD.alternativeDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.ABuffalocharterschool（特许学校）,runbyafor-profitcompany,received$7.2millionintaxpayermoneylastyeartoeducateabout500elementaryandmiddleschoolstudents.Butattheendoftheyear,theaudit（审计）itsubmittedtothestateonlylisteditsexpensesroughly,including$1.3millioninrentforabuildingthecompanyowned,$976,000forexecutiveadministrationand$361,000inprofessionalfees.OfficialsfromtheNewYorkStateteachers,unionraisedthecaseoftheschool,BuffaloUnited,asanexampleofwhatitsaidwaswrongwiththeoversightofcharterschoolsthroughoutthestate.Theunionsaidthecasesupporteditsviewthatnonewcharterschoolsshouldbepermittedunlessoversightisstrengthened.“Howmuchisprofit?”askedAndrewPallotta,theexecutivevicepresidentofNewYorkStateUnitedTeachers.“Thereistrulytoomuchwedon,tknowandcan,tknow.”Theunion,sconcernsfellonmostlyfriendlyearsattheall-dayhearing,whichhadbeencalledbySenatorBillPerkinsofHarlem,anoutspokencriticofthecharterschoolmovement.Teachers,unionshavegenerallyopposedcharterschools,whichtendnottobeunionized.OnThursday,thestateunionlistedclaimsagainstcharterschoolsthatincludedconflictofinterestandstealing.BrooklynCharterSchoolinBedford-Stuyvesant,itsaid,hadacquired,asasubsidiary(子公司)，ashoplinkedtothepresidentoftheschool,sboard.AnauditofasecondBuffalocharterschool,WesternNewYorkMaritime,foundthatbig-screentelevisionsandcomputerequipmenthadbeensenttothepersonaladdressesofemployees,theunionsaid.“ThecorruptionandthepoliticizationaretheAchilles’heelofthemovement,”Mr.Perkinssaid.Officialsresponsibleforauthorizingandoverseeingcharterschoolssaidtherewasroomformoreaccountabilityandtransparencyfromcharterschools,buttheysaidthatthecontrolswerealreadyhealthy.“Itisgoodthatthebadactorshavecometolight,”saidJohnB.KingJr.,theseniordeputycommissionerofthestateEducationDepartment.“Iactuallythinkthatthereisalotofcommongroundhere,andifwecreatetherightconversation,thereisroomtobothimprovechartersandincreasethenumber.”Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?Mostcharterschoolsarerunbyfor-profitcompanies.ABuffalocharterschoolover-spentlastyear.Charterschoolshouldbemonitoredovereducationquality.Theexpense-listofacharterschoolwasnottransparent.Theterm“Achilles'heel”inparagraph5canbereplacedby“”.A.weakspotB.characteristicC.inevitableproblemD.peakWhatissaidaboutofficialsresponsibleforauthorizationandoverseeingcharterschool?Theyweredeterminedtosupervisecharterschoolsstrictly.Theirwordsandbehavioroncharterschoolswereaparadox.Theythoughttheyputagoodcontroloncharterschools.Theirsupervisiononcharterschoolswasnottransparentenough.WhatisJohnB.KingJr.,sattitudetowardsauthorizingmorecharterschools?A.opposed B.concernedC.approving D.indifferentScholarshipApplicationTipsin2015forcollegestudents.*BeforeyouapplyWorkhardtogetgoodgrades.Don,sweataboutonebadgrade,butalwaysstrivetodoyourbest.Getinvolved,andstayinvolved,inout-of-classactivities.Sports,clubs,drama,bandsandorchestras-theseoftencounttowardastudenfsoverallscholarshipapplicationevaluation.Thesamegoesforpaid(orunpaid)workexperience.Beginyourscholarshipresearchearly-byyoursophomore(大学/中学二年级学生)orjunioryearofhighschool,ifpossible.Makespecialnoteofapplicationdeadlines,astheycanvaryfrom4/9latesummertolatespring.ApplyfOrasmanyscholarshipsasyouareeligible(符合条件的)fOr—severalsmallerscholarshipscanadduptoalotofmoney.*DuringtheapplicationprocessReadthesupplementarymaterialsthatcomewithscholarshipapplicationformstobetterunderstandtheprogram,sfocus(communityservice,subjectinterest).Trytoanswerthequestionswiththefocusareainmind.Answerquestionsastheyareasked.Don,tgoofftopic.Ifthereisafinancialsectiontotheapplication,makesureyougetaccurateandcompleteinformationfromallappropriatesourcestoensureyoureligibility.Takeyourtime.Writedowneverythingyoucanthinkofforeachquestion,thensettheapplicationasideforadaysoyoucanlookeverythingoveragainbeforeyousenditoff.Don,twaituntilthelastminutetocompleteyourapplication,especiallyifyouareapplyingonline.Computersystemscangetblockedwiththelargevolumeofapplicantshopingtosubmittheirqualificationsduringthelastfewdaysandhoursbeforeadeadline.Ifathirdpartyhastocompletepartofyourapplication,suchasprovidingaletterofrecommendation,makesureyouaskthemearlyonandremindthemasoftenasnecessarytoensuretheyprovideyouwiththenecessarymaterials.Lastbutnotleast,reviewyourapplicationwithyourparentstomakesureyouhaven,tleftoutanyimportantdetails.Beforeyouapplyforascholarship,it,sbestto.A.paymoreattentiontogradesthantoout-of-classactivitiesfocusononlyonescholarshipapplicationgetasmuchworkexperienceaspossiblebeginyourpreparationasearlyaspossibleWhenyouareansweringquestionsontheapplicationform,youshould.A.focusonthesubjectyouareinterestedinB.answertothepointC.listyouradvantages D.proveyourabilitiesTheauthorsuggeststhatapplicantsshould.submittheapplicationinthefewdaysdouble-checktheirapplicationwiththeirparentscompleteandsubmittheapplicationinonedayavoidsubmittingtheapplicationonline(C)AsimplepieceofropehangsbetweensomeenvironmentallyfriendlyAmericansandtheirneighbors.Ononesidestandthosewhohavebeguntoseeclothesdryersasawastefulconsumersofenergy(upto6%oftotalelectricity)andpowerfulemittersofcarbondioxide(uptoatonofCO2perhouseholdeveryyear).Asanalternative,theyareturningtoclotheslinesaspartofwhatAlexanderLee,anenvironmentalist,calls“what-I-can-doenvironmentalism.”ButOntheothersidearepeoplewhoopposeair-dryinglaundryoutsideonvisualgrounds.Increasingly,theyhavepersuadedcommunityandhomeownersassociations(HOAs)accesstheU.S.tobanoutdoorclotheslines,whichtheysaynotonlylookunattractivebutalsolowersurrounding5/9propertyvalues.Thoseactions,inturn,haveledtoaright-to-drymovementthatispressingformakinglawstoprotectthechoicetouseclotheslines.Onlythreestates-Florida,HawaiiandUtah—havelawswrittenbroadlyenoughtoprotectclotheslines.Right-to-dryadvocatesarguethatthereshouldbemore.MattReckisthekindofeco-consciousguywhofeedshistreeswithbathwaterandrecyclescondensationdrops（冷凝水）fromhisairconditionerstowaterplants.Hisfamilyalsousesaclothesline.ButOttoHagen,presidentofReck,sHOAinWakeForest,N.C.,notifiedhimthataneighborhadcomplainedabouthisline.TheRecksignoredthewarningandstilldrytheirclothesonaropeintheyard.“Manypeopleclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlybutdon,ttakemattersintotheirownhands,”saysReck.HOAsHagenhasdecidedtoholdofftakingaction.’Tmnotgoingtogocrazy,”hesays.“ButifMattkeepshislineandmoreneighborscomplains,I,llhavetoaddressitagain.”NorthCarolinalawmakerstriedandfailedearlierthisyeartoinsertlanguageintoanenergybillthatwouldexpresslypreventHOAsfromregulatingclotheslines.ButtheissueremainsatouchyonewithHOAsandrealestateagents.“Mostvisualrestrictionsarerooted,toadegree,inthebeliefthathomogenous（统一协调的）externalappearancearesupportiveofpropertyvalue”saysSaraStubbins,executivedirectoroftheCommunityAssociationInstitute,sNorth.Carolinachapter.Inotherwords,associationsworrythathousingpriceswillfallifprospectivebuyersthinktheirwould-beneighborsaretoopoortoafforddryers.AlexanderLeedismissesthenotionthatclotheslinesdevaluepropertyadvocatingthattheidea“needstochangeinlightofglobalwarming”“Weallhavetodoatleastsomethingtodecreaseourcarbonfootprint,”AlexanderLeesays.WhatisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageofusingclothesdryers?A.Electricityconsumption. B.Airpollution.C.Wasteofenergy. D.Uglylooking.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?Opposersthinkair-dryinglaundrywoulddevaluesurroundingproperty.Opposersconsidertheoutdoorclotheslineasaneyesoretothescenery.Right-to-drymovementsledtothepassofwrittenlawstoprotectclotheslinesinAmerica.MostofstatesintheUShavenowrittenlawstoprotectclotheslines.InthelastparagraphAlexanderLeerecommendsthat.clotheslinesshouldbebannedinthecommunity.clotheslineswouldn,tlessenthepropertyvalues.theglobewouldbecomewarmerandwarmer.weshouldprotecttheenvironmentinthecommunity.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe.OpinionsonEnvironmentalProtection.OpinionsonAir-dryingLaundry.What-I-Can-DoEnvironmentalism.RestrictionsonClotheslines.SectionC（8points）Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Astothepossibilityofgettingthedropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasgloomy.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19%.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,butaccordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthesewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.Withtheinternationalfinancialcrisesgoingfrombadtoworse,moreandmoredropoutsarehappytoresumetheirdoctoratestudies.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Attrition（流失）atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.67Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.TuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiatedbecauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.68SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.69Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD,sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.70Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.□.SummaryWritingDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.LearnfrommistakesThebestwaytolearnsomethingistomakemistakesfirst.ThomasEdison,whoinventedthelightbulb,toldhiscolleagues:“Ofthe200lightbulbsthatdidn,twork,everyfailuretoldmesomethingIwasabletoincorporateintothenextattempt.”BenjaminFranklin,theUSstatesmanandscientistoncesaid：”Ihaven,tfailed.Ihavehad10,000ideasthatdidn,twork.”7/9

Boththesepeopleunderstoodthatfailuresandfalsestartsaretheconditionofsuccess.Infact,asurprisingnumberofeverydayobjectshadtheirbeginningsinamistakeoramisunderstanding.Post-itnotes,packetsofcrispsandevenbreadareallunexpectedinventions.In2600BC,atiredEgyptianslaveinventedbreadwhenthedoughroseduringhissleep.AndcrispswerefirstcookedbyachefintheUSAwhenacustomercomplainedthathisfriedpotatoeswerenotthinenough.In1968SpencerSilverwastryingtodevelopastrongadhesivewhenheaccidentallyinventedaveryweakglueinstead.Hiscolleague,ArtFry,decidedtouseitsixyearslater,in1974,toholdhisbookmarksinhisbooksandthepost-itnotewasinvented.Successfulbusinesspeoplehaveoftenmadebig,expensivemistakesintheirpast.WhenanemployeeofIBMmadeamistakethatcostthecompany$600,000.ThomasWatson,thechairman,wasaskedifhewouldfiret