孔子与儒家英文介绍

Confucius,

Confucianism

andChrist,

ChristianityConfucius:LatinizedspellingChinesename:KongFuzi孔夫子(MasterKong)551-479BCtitles:TheFirstHolyOne,FirstTeacher,TeacheroftheTenThousandGenerationsNeverlivedtoseehisdoctrinesputintopracticeATimeofTurmoilZhouDynasty(1122-253BC)GoldenAge->ThereignofYuWang(780BC)Feudallordsinpower,Emperorisemptytitle“Chinawasnolongeronecountrybutadozen,eachpotentiallytheenemyofanyother”JamieBuehlerIsConfucianismaphilosophy,acodeofethics,orareligion?JamieBuehlerConfucianismasasystemofethicsMoralconductisthebasisofsocialharmonyEmphasisonselfdisciplineandeducationObligationtofamilyFamilyasmicrocosmoftheuniverseStrictFathervs.NurturingParentmodelJamieBuehlerConfucianismasaphilosophy“Confucianism’srootmetaphorwasandisaconcernfortheworld”Humanity,reciprocity,empathyCollective>IndividualHumansaregood,butwestrayEducationandself-disciplineJamieBuehlerConfucianismasareligionReligion=communityofpeoplewhosharebeliefs,culturalpractices,worshipadeity/deities“somethingdonewithgreatattentiontodetail”ConfucianphilosophyofselfdisciplineConfucianismasareligionConfuciuswasnotagodoraprophetHedidnotcreatetheseideas,butmerelyrestoredthem “AstobeingaDivineSageorevenaGoodMan,farbeitfrommetomakeanysuchclaim.”“Iamnotoneofthosewhohaveinnateknowledge.Iamsimplyonewholovesthepastandwhoisdiligentininvestigatingit” ConfucianismasareligionRitualsforalloccasionsoflifeVenerationofancestorsMeditationNoinitiationormembershipHeavenisamanifestation ofGodThewordsareinterchangeableHeavenmeansgoodness.To begoodistoliveinharmony withheavenMencius“Heavendoesnot speak”Ren仁Aprincipleofmutuality,human-heartedness,andempathy.Theabilitytoempathizewithanother’sdiscomfortthatwouldpreventthemoralpersontorefrainfromactinginwaysthatwouldcausediscomfort.SimilartoChristianity’sGoldenRuleBasically…ApersondoesallactionsforthesakeofJenbecausetherespectforhumanityimpliestherighthumanwaytoact.Yi义（義

）Righteousness,moraldescriptiontodogood.Actinginawayordoingwhatneedstobedonesimplybecauseitoughttobedone,notforpersonalgainorprofit.

Basically…ApersondoesallactionforthesakeofYibecausetheyaretherightthingtodo.

Li礼（

禮

）Istheprincipleofgainorbenefit,orderorpropriety.TwomainaspectsofLi:Guidetohumanrelationshipsandrulesofproperaction.Guidetosocialorderorgeneralorderingoflife.Li礼TheFiveRelationshipsallrepresentthewaythingsshouldbedoneinasociallifeFatherandSon(lovingandreverential)OlderBrotherandYoungerBrother(gentleandrespectful)HusbandandWife(goodandlistening)OlderFriendandYoungerFriend(considerateanddifferential)RulerandSubject(benevolentandloyal)Ming命“MandateofHeaven”,fateordestiny.AccordingtoConfucius,Mingissimplythewaythingsareinthecourseofthings.Hedeclaredthathisprinciplesprevailedwereming,andiftheydidnottheywerealsoming.Confuciusbelievedthatthebestthingwecandoistodowhatweoughttodounderthecircumstances.DoctrineoftheMean中庸“MiddleWay”Avoidingallextremesineitherthoughtoraction,butapplyingaprinciplestandardofmeasurementtohisorherownmotivesandactions.FilialPiety孝Reverenceandextremerespectforparents.AhugepartofChineseculturethathasbeenadoptedintothreemainreligions:Confucianism,Buddhism,andDaoism.Variesfromtakingcareoftheparentstoburyingthemproperlyafterdeath.

“Whenyourfatherisaliveobservehisintentions.Whenheisdeceased,modelyourselfonthememoryofhisbehavior.Ifin3yearsafterhisdeath,youhavenotdeviatedfromyourfather’sways,thenyoumaybeconsideredafilialchild”-ConfuciusTheFiveClassics五经ClassicofHistoryClassicofPoetryorBookofOdesClassicofRitesBookofChangesorIChingSpringandAutumnAnnals

TheFourBooks四书AnalectsofConfuciusDoctrineoftheMeanGreatLearningMenciusErosvsAgape爱（愛

）ErosSexual,romanticloveAgapeDeepestlove,basedondoinggoodthingsforanotherpersonUnconditionalIsConfucianismEros,Agape,orneither?仁者爱人。道德仁义，非礼不成；TheThreeUniversalVirtuesLove 仁

Wisdom知

Courage勇Tobeusedthrougheducation,self-discipline,andtheacceptanceofshame--LoveForAll--

FamilyAndSocietyRespectStartsintheFamilyOnecanthenbranchofftoSocietyConductoneselfwiththoughttowardfamilyandothers.EducationConfucianismemphasizeseducationShouldonlybedonefortheadvancementofone’sknowledgeNotforfame,wealth,admiration.“Ignoranceisthenightofthemind,butanightwithoutmoonandstar.”-ConfuciusGoldenRuleLikemostreligionsHumansneedtorespectandtreatothersastheythemselveswouldwishtobetreatedIndividualSelf-InterestFrowneduponCollectiveWell-BeingRememberRenandYi?TheVirtuousPerson“DoingforNothing”WorkasaSocietyThe‘virtuousperson’actsinwaysonlybecauseitshouldbedoneasopposedtoactinginwaysforprofitorotherpersonalbenefits.ChristianityandConfucianismChristianityandConfucianism“TheGoldenRule”ChristianityandConfucianismOthersimilarities….Bibleand