医学术语专业知识专家讲座

醫學術語

潘德樑高雄榮總97.06.08医学术语专业知识专家讲座第1页內容大綱學習目标醫學術語組合常見縮寫病歷範例應用實例簡易解剖圖解結語医学术语专业知识专家讲座第2页學習目标醫學術語是醫護、醫療管理相互間溝通專業語言幫助學習者發展對醫療語言閱讀與了解能力進一步應用於實務作業医学术语专业知识专家讲座第3页醫學術語組合字根法(WordRoot)字尾法(Suffix)字首法(Prefix)多重組合(Multiplecombination)聯結母音(a,e,i,o,u)医学术语专业知识专家讲座第4页字根法(Root)Cardi/o=heart心臟Hepat/o=liver肝臟Pneum/o=lung肺臟Nephr/o=kidney腎臟Ren/o=kidney腎臟Arthr/o=joint關節Cerebr/o=cerebrum腦医学术语专业知识专家讲座第5页字根法(Root)Gastr/o=stomach胃Enter/o=intestine腸Derm/a=skin皮膚Psych/o=mental精神Hemat/o=blood血液Oste/o=bone骨頭Pancreat/o=pancreose胰臟Splen/o=spleen脾臟医学术语专业知识专家讲座第6页字尾法(Suffix)Endoscopy=endo+scopyin+examination內部+鏡檢(法、術)Gastritis=gastr+itisstomach+inflammation胃+發炎Nephrotomy=nephro+tomykidney+incision腎+切開医学术语专业知识专家讲座第7页字尾法(Suffix)Splenomegaly=spleen+megalyspleen+enlargement脾臟+腫大

Arthrodesis=arthro+desisjoint+fixation關節+固定Rhinoplasty=rhino+plastynose+plastic鼻+整形術医学术语专业知识专家讲座第8页字尾法(Suffix)Cystocele=cyst+celebladder+hernia,protrusion膀胱+突出Adenoma=aden+omagland+tumor腺體+腫瘤Leukemia=leuk+emiawhite+blood白血病医学术语专业知识专家讲座第9页字尾法(Suffix)Dysentery=dys+enterypain+intestine疼痛+腸道(痢疾)Tonsillectomy=tonsil+ectomytonsil+excision扁桃腺+切除Pyuria=py+uriapus+urine膿+小便医学术语专业知识专家讲座第10页字首法(Prefix)Antipyretic=anti+pyreticgainst+fever對抗+發燒Antepartum=ante+partumbefore+labor在…之前+生產Polyarteritis=poly+arteritismany+arteritis多處+動脈炎医学术语专业知识专家讲座第11页字首法(Prefix)Hemiplegia=hemi+plegiahalf+paralysis二分之一+麻痺Hypertension=hyper+tensionabove+pressure高+壓力(血壓)Bradycardia=brady+cardiaslow+heart心跳過慢医学术语专业知识专家讲座第12页字首法(Prefix)Tackycardia=tacky+cardiarapid+heart快+心臟Polyneuralgia=poly+neuralgiamultiple+neverpain多+神經痛Subcutaneous=sub+cutaneousunder+skin皮下医学术语专业知识专家讲座第13页字首法(Prefix)Dysphasia=dys+phasiaimpairment+speech障礙+言語Dysuria=dys+uriapainful+urine疼痛+小便医学术语专业知识专家讲座第14页多重組合

(Multiplecombination)electro

cardiogram字根 字根字尾電 心圖salpingo-oophor

ectomy字根字根字尾輸卵管卵巢切除医学术语专业知识专家讲座第15页多重組合

(Multiplecombination)gastro

entero

stomy字根字根字尾胃 腸造口Esophago

gastro

duodenoscopy字根字根字根字尾食道胃十二指腸鏡檢医学术语专业知识专家讲座第16页聯結母音

(Combiningvowel)NephropathyCardiomegalyOsteotomy医学术语专业知识专家讲座第17页聯結母音

(Combiningvowel)GastrectomyCystitis

字尾開頭即為母音Hepatoma

故不需另加其它母音医学术语专业知识专家讲座第18页字尾及其組合元素實例cele:hernia,tumor,protrusioncystocele:herniaofthebladdergastrocele:herniaofthestomachHydrocele:seroustumorofthetestis医学术语专业知识专家讲座第19页字尾及其組合元素實例emia:bloodhyperglycemia:abnormallyhighbloodsugaritis:inflammationgastritis:inflammationofthestomachnephritis:inflammationofthekidney医学术语专业知识专家讲座第20页字尾及其組合元素實例malacia:softeningosteomalacia:softeningofthebonesplenomalacia:softeningofthespleenpathy:diseaseneuropathy:anydiseaseofnervemyopahty:any

diseaseofmuscle

医学术语专业知识专家讲座第21页字字尾及其組合元素實例尾及其組合元素實例centesis:puncturethoracentesis:punctureandaspirationofthepleuralcavity医学术语专业知识专家讲座第22页字尾及其組合元素實例ectomy:excision,removetonsillectomy:removaloftonsilsoophorectomy:removalofovaryplasty:surgicalcorrection,plastyrepairofhernioplasty:plastyrepairofherniaproctoplasty:surgicalrepairofrectum医学术语专业知识专家讲座第23页字尾及其組合元素實例scopy:inspection,examinationbronchoscopy:examinationofthebronchiwithanendoscopecystoscopy:examinationofthebladderwithanendoscope医学术语专业知识专家讲座第24页字尾及其組合元素實例stomy:creationofanopeningcolostomy:creationofanopeningintothecolonthroughtheabdominalwallgastroduodenostomy:creationofanopeningbetweenstomachandduodenum

医学术语专业知识专家讲座第25页字尾及其組合元素實例osis:increase,conditionarteriosclerosis:hardeningofthearterieslymphocytosis:increaseinnumberoflymphcells医学术语专业知识专家讲座第26页字尾及其組合元素實例penia:deficiency,decreaseleukopenia:decreaseofleukocytesinthebloodangio:bloodvesselangiotomy:dissectionofbloodvessel医学术语专业知识专家讲座第27页字根及其組合元素實例crani:skullcraniotomy:surgicalopeningofskullcyt:cellerythrocyte:redbloodcell医学术语专业知识专家讲座第28页字根及其組合元素實例derm:skindermatitis:inflammationofskinenter:intestineenteritis:inflammationoftheintestine医学术语专业知识专家讲座第29页字根及其組合元素實例hematemesis:vomitingofbloodhematoma:abloodtumorhyster:uterushysterectomy:excisionoftheuturus

医学术语专业知识专家讲座第30页字首及其組合元素實例ante:beforeantenatal:beforebirthepi:uponepidermis:outerlayeroftheskinhemi:halfhemiplegia:paralysisofone-halfthebody医学术语专业知识专家讲座第31页字首及其組合元素實例hyper:above,beyond,excessivehypertension:highbloodpressureendo:withinendocarditis:inflammationoftheendocardiumperi:aroundpericarditis:inflammationofthepericardium

医学术语专业知识专家讲座第32页

英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Adenocarcinoma Adenoca腺癌Atrialfibrillation Af心房纖維顫動Alpha-fetoprotein AFPα-胎兒蛋白Acuteglomerulonephritis AGN急性腎絲球腎炎Acquiredimmune AIDS後天免疫缺乏症候群deficiencysyndrome 常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第33页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Appendicitis APP闌尾炎Abdomino-perinealresection APR腹會陰切除Adultrespiratorydistress ARDS成人呼吸窘症候群syndromeAcuterenalfailure ARF急性腎衰竭Atrialseptaldefect ASD心房中膈缺損AtheroscleroticheartdiseaseASHD粥樣硬化性心臟病常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第34页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名AbdominaltotalhysterectomyATH腹式全子宮切除Aorticvalvereplacement AVR 主動脈瓣置換術Arterio-venousshunt A-Vshunt動靜脈分流術Acutepyelonephritis APN急性腎盂腎炎Backgrounddiabetic BDR背景性糖尿病視網膜病變retinopahty常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第35页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Twiceaday(bisindie) b.i.d.一天二次Bilateral BIL 雙側Basalmetabolicrate BMR基礎代謝率Bloodpressure BP血壓Benignprostatic BPH良性前列腺肥大hyperplasia常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第36页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Bilateralpelviclymph BPLND雙側骨盆腔淋巴結摘除nodesdissectiotn Benignparoxysssmal BPPV良性陣發生位置性眩暈positionvertigo Bilateralsaplingo- BSO雙側卵巢輸卵管切除oophorectomyBibiarytractinfection BTI膽道感染常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第37页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Bloodureanitrogen BUN 血中尿素氮Biopsy bx切片Carcinoma CA 癌症Continuousambulatory CAPD連續性攜帶式腹膜透析peritonealdialysisComputed(axial)tomographyCATscan

電腦斷層攝影常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第38页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Commonbileduct CBD 總膽管CongenitalheartdiseaseCHD先天性心臟病CongestiveheartfailureCHF充血性心臟衰竭CarcinomainsituCIS原位癌ChronicobstructivepulmonaryCOPD慢性阻塞性肺疾diseaseChronicparanasalsinusitisCPS慢性副鼻竇炎常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第39页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Cesareansection C/S 剖腹產Chestx-ray CXR胸部X光CerebrovascularaccidentCVA腦血管意外DiabetesmellitusDM糖尿病Ear,nose,andthroatENT耳鼻喉EndstagerenaldiseaseESRD末期腎疾病常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第40页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Hepatocellularcarcinoma HCC 肝細胞癌Intensivecareunit ICU加護中心Insulindependentdiabetes IDDM胰島素依賴型糖尿病mellitusMagneticresonanceimagingMRI核磁共振攝影Nothingbymouth NPO禁食(nullaperos)

常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第41页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名Redbloodcell(corpuscle) RBC紅血球redbloodcount SystemiclupuserythematosusSLE系統性紅斑性狼瘡Shortnessofbreath SOB呼吸短促Tuberculosis TB結核病Totalhipreplacement THR全髖關節置換術常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第42页英文診斷疾病全名 英文縮寫 汉字全名TotalkneereplacementTKR全膝關節置換術UpperrespiratorytractURI上呼吸道感染infection UrinarytractinfectionUTI沁尿道感染VentricularseptaldefectVSD心室中膈缺損Whitebloodcell; WBC白血球whitebloodcount常見縮寫医学术语专业知识专家讲座第43页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第44页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第45页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第46页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第47页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第48页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第49页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第50页医学术语专业知识专家讲座第51页病歷範例This46-years-oldwomanwasavictimofinvasiveductalcarcinomaofleftbreastwithbonemetastasis,shehadreceivedsurgeryandradiotherapyduetoaxillarylymphnodeandbone(L-spine)metastasis.Thistimeshewasadmittedforsetupport–Aplacementandchemotherapy医学术语专业知识专家讲座第52页Thispatientwasadmittedbecauseofsuddenonsetofvomitingofbrightredbloodduetoacutegastriculcer.Hishemoglobinwas7.8gm/dl,whichrevealedanemiaduetobloodloss.Areterigraphywasperformedtodeterminethesiteofthebleeding,andhemostasiswasachievedbytranscatheterembolization病歷範例医学术语专业知识专家讲座第53页Thepatientcomplainedofchestpainanddyspneaoffandonfor3months.Thediagnosiswerecongestiveheartfailureandunstableangina,theanginawastreatedwithnitrate,andIVLasixwasadministeredtomanagetheheartfailure.Bothconditionsimproved,andthepatientwasdischargedtobefollowedonanout-patientbasis.病歷範例医学术语专业知识专家讲座第54页Thispatienthadreceivedabelow–kneeamputationsixyearsagoforgangreneofhislegduetobothdiabetesandarteriosclerosis.Thepatienthadreceivedanabove-kneeamputationofthestumpbecauseoffurthergangrenechangeatthisadmission.病歷範例医学术语专业知识专家讲座第55页應用實例（以Chronicrenalfailure為例）医学术语专业知识专家讲座第56页EssentialofDiagnosis1.1.Progressiveazotemiaoverweeksormonths2.Isosthenuriaiscommon3.Hypertentioninthemajority4.Bilateralsmallkidneysonultrasoundaredianostic5.Radiologicevidenceofrenalosteodystrophyconfirmsthediagnosis

医学术语专业知识专家讲座第57页GeneralConsiderationsThesymptomsofchronicrenalfailure(CRF)dependontheseverityandrapidityoftheunderlyingrenaldisorder.WhenCRFdevelopslowly,mostindividualsremainasymptomaticuntiltherenalfailureisfar-advanced(GFR＜10-15mL/min).医学术语专业知识专家讲座第58页

Complicationofchronicrenal failure＆theirmanagementHyperkalemiaAcid-basedisorderC.Cardiovascularcomplication1.Hypertention2.Pericarditis3.CongestiveheartfailureD.Hematologiccomplication1.Anemia2.Coagulopathy

医学术语专业知识专家讲座第59页E.NeurologiccomplicationF.Disorderofmineralmetabolism:RenalosteodystrophyG.MetabolicandendocrinedisturbancesH.Gastrointestinaltractcomplication医学术语专业知识专家讲座第60页TreatmentofChronicrenalfailureA.Diaterymanagement1.Proteinrestriction2.Saltandwaterrestriction3.Potassiumrestriction4.Phosphorusrestriction5.MagnesiumrestrictionB.Dialysis1.Hemodialysis2.PeritonealdialysisC.Kidneytransplantation医学术语专业知识专家讲座第61页一個病人實例

主訴:Drycoughoffandonforabout1.5month病史：