中考英语二轮复习介词的用法

介词的用法一.时间介词I的用法辨析1.时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析・叵］介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：Inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inMay/October,in1992,inSpring/Summer/Autumn/Winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天，()thedaytimethestreetsarecrowded拥挤的butnighttheyarequiet.A.At,inB.For,byC.By,forD.In,at()Springthetreesturngreenandtheflowersstarttocomeout.・同介词on用来表示具体某一天，星期几，节日；或者指明具体某一天的上午，下午，晚上。如：OnDecemberFl;onMondaymorning;onthenightofOctober22";onarainy/fineday,onacoldmorning,onTeachers'Dy;0nChristmasDay.1()Atsunami海啸happenedinsomesoughernAsiancountries2()1wasborn July2,andmygirthdayiscomingsoon.3()-WhendidyoucomebackfromBeijing?-themorningofApril18，h.•臼介词at用来表示时间点，特定的时间、节日、年龄等。atnoon,atnight,atmidnight在午夜，atsixo'clock,athalfpastfive,atthebgginningof一开始，attheendof结束时，attheageof在 岁数时，atlast最终()Ithedaytimethestreetsarecrowded拥挤butnighttheyarequiet.A.At,inB.For,byC.By,forD.In,at填词：Tonyusuallygetsupatseveno'clockonweekends..Attheageoffive,helivedwithhisgrandparentsinavillage.• 介词by不迟于，到 时为止；如：by2o'clock,bynow到现在（为止），bythen到那时（以来）'renotallowedtoshoutothers另lj人public.TheyarrivedBeijingyesterdayafternoon.Godownthestreet沿着这条街道走，turnrightatthethirdcrossing,在第三拐角处向右拐，then然后gostraight照直走untilyouarriveabridge,youwi11seeabanknextalibrary.Keeping time守时isveryimportantforeverybodyinSwitzerland瑞士-Howdoyougettowork?-Igettoworkfoot.-Igettoworkfoot.17.Onhiswayschool,Jackmetanoldfriendofhisfatehrs,18.-MayItry17.Onhiswayschool,Jackmetanoldfriendofhisfatehrs,18.-MayItry18.-MayItrythegreycoat?18.-MayItrythegreycoat?-Sure,hereisthefittingroomoh,itlooksnice you.-Sure,hereisthefittingroomoh,itlooksnice you.19.TonyistalkingthephonewithhisfriendJenny.19.TonyistalkingthephonewithhisfriendJenny.20.Theprice价格20.Theprice价格oftheapplesdepend取决于howmanykilosyouwanttobuy.-WheredoyouwanttohaveatripthisNationalDay?-MyfamilydecidedCanadaatlast.-MyfamilydecidedCanadaatlast.YoushoulddrivetherightinChina,butinEnglandyouaresupposedtodrivetheleft.stoocoldoutside,pleaseputyousweater.stoocoldoutside,pleaseputyousweater.It'stoohotoutside,pleasetakeyourcoat.It'stoohotoutside,pleasetakeyourcoat.24.Thestudentsarelisteningtheteachercarefullynow.24.Thestudentsarelisteningtheteachercarefullynow.25.Imissyouverymuch,pleasewritemesoon.26.Beforegoingbed,Tomusuallyspendsabout15miutesnewspaeres.26.Beforegoingbed,Tomusuallyspendsabout15miutesnewspaeres.27.-Whosedictionaryisthis?-ItmustbelongJim,thereishisnameonit.-ItmustbelongJim,thereishisnameonit.28.Theteacherwasveryangry Jenny,becauseshewaslateforclassagain.28.Theteacherwasveryangry Jenny,becauseshewaslateforclassagain.29.Atthispoint在这一点上，hedoesn,tagreehisfather.30.Nowdays29.Atthispoint在这一点上，hedoesn,tagreehisfather.30.Nowdaysmanyteenagers青少年disagreetheirparents.31.-Excuseme,CouldyouhelpmemyEnglishstudy?31.-Excuseme,CouldyouhelpmemyEnglishstudy?-Sure,I'dloveto.32.Jacksonalwayshelpshismotherhouseworkathome.-Sure,I'dloveto.32.Jacksonalwayshelpshismotherhouseworkathome..Couldyouhelpmeswimming/sports?.Howdoyougetonyourfamily?-Igetonwellwithmyfamily.'sthematterwithyou?你怎么了？-Iargued myparents,whatshouldIdo?Myfatherisbusyhisworkallday.Couldyoutellmehowtodealthisproblem?如何处理问题ThemanwhoistalkingmyfatherismyPhysicsteacher.Hecamewithagoodidea/planfinally最终，他想出一个好主意/计划TheweatherinAustraliaisverydifferentthatinChina.Myhaircut发型isdifferentyours.IhavethesamehaircutXiaoMingdoes.TonyisthesameageTom.Heisnotastallhisdeskmates.IcomeJapan,IcanspeakJapanese,Ilive Xiamennow.Thepostofficeisacrossthesupermarket.Thepayphoneislibraryandthehotel.Theboysittingnext_meismyyoungerbrother.-Whatdoyouthink Chinesefood?-Ithinkit'sgreat.CouldyougototheairporttomeetmyfriendLaowanginsteadme?HecanspeakChineseofEnglish.Helikesplayingbaseballofbasketball.Pleasedon'tworryyourmother,sheisOknow.Iwasworriedmypetcat,becauseit'snotwell.Theyaretalkinganimals.Couldyoutellmesomethingyourfamily?Jennypaidlotsofmoneyhernewcomputer.ThetrainisleavingShanghaiat6pm.Pleasedon'tbelateclass,it'snotgoodforyourstudy.Tonywasalwayslateschoolbefore,butnowheisnevrlate.Takingawalkafterdinner饭后散步isgoodforyourhealth.Themanmaybelatework,hewalksoquickly.-Whatareyoulooking?-1'mlookingmylostpen,butIcan'tfindit.Themotherlookedhissoneverywhere至处,shelookedworried.Heprefers ,他更喜欢牛奶而不是茶。Heprefersstayingathome watchingmovieswithfriendsonweekends.Pleasedon'tuseyourmobilephoneinclass,ortheteacherwilltakeit.MyteachertookmymobilephonewhenIuseditinclass.Whenyouleavehome,pleasedon'tforgettoturnthelight.Pleasedon'tgivehopewhenyoumeettrouble遇上困境。Pleasehelpmeputthepictureonthewall.Mylittlesisterissleeping,pleaseturn themusic.Iwanttohearthemusictogetherwithyou,couldyouturnitalittle?Heisakindandgenerousman,hegiveslotsofmoneytothehopeproject捐钱给希望工程。Hefixed修理thebikesandgavethemtothekids.MyEnglishteacherisveykind,sheregardsusstudentshiskids.Iusedtobeafraidthebigdog,butnowI'mnotafraidatall.Thefanners农民aregettingreadythenextyear.-Howfarisityourhometoschool?-It'salittlefarhere.离这儿有点远。-It?squitefarhere.离这儿相当远。Theyarewaitingabusatthebusstation.Heiswaitingyouatthegate在门边now.Heiscomingbackthreehours.三小时后他要回来。Ihavebeenhere alongtime.LaoWanghasbeenlivinginXiamen(twoyears/ twoyearsago).Lastnighthedidn'tgotobed12o'clock.studyEnglishmakingflashingandwatchingEnglishmovies.Tomisthetallest最高thefour.'sveryimportantmetoeatmorefruits.Heworkedadoctorinahospital.Iboughtsomeflowersapresent作为礼物Teachers?Day.Englishisspoken被说asecondlanguage作为第二门夕卜语inmanycountries在许多国家-CanIhelpyou,please?-I'dliketobuyasweaterthis.'smumisworriedherson"seyesight视力as由于heplaysonlinegamestoomuch.HelikeswatchingsoccerTV.Theboyislookinghiswallet钱包everywhere至tl处。Man人类willnotlive生存sunshine阳关andwater.yourhelp.Icouldn,tdoitbetter.thehelpofhim在他的帮助下,Ifinishedthejob time.中考常用|介词词组1|.atfirst首先；begoodat擅长；atthebeginningof-1开始;notatall一点也不；atwork在上班;atdinner在吃饭;atthesametime在同口寸； Sitatthetable在饭桌旁（吃饭）;stayathome呆在家；atthebackof在 后面；Laughatsb取笑某人;agree/disagreewithsb（不）同意 的看法agree/disagreewithsb（不）同意 的看法atleast至少；knockatthedoor敲门；斗bytheway顺便说（问）一下；bycar/taxi坐车Byhand用手;bythetime到 时候；区.inaword总而言之；stayinbed卧病在床;inpublic在公共场合；Infact事实上;inthestreet在街道上；inspace在太空；intheday在白天；beinterestedin对 感兴趣；dowellin做得好;takepartin参力「；.ontime准时；ontheleft在左边；onone,swayto在 路上；Outofwork失业；tryon试穿；dependon依赖，依靠；puton穿上 目・toone'ssurpriseit惊讶的是;listento听 belongto属于；6（.beangrywithsb生 的气；Catchupwith赶上；talkwith/tosb同 交谈；shoutatsb对着 大叫；lookat瞧，看一看bybike骑自行车;bytheendof到 结束时;Daybyday一天又一天；inEnglish用英语；Beillinhospital生病住院；beintrouble处于困境inahurry匆忙地inthisway用这种方法；intheend最终;arrivein/at至达bebornin出生于；handin上交；onfoot步行；Ontheright在右边onduty在值日；decideon决定；Passonmessage传递口信；talkonthephone用电话交谈getto到达；Gotobed/sleep去睡觉；writetosb写信给 playwithsth玩弄 ；Getalong/onwith与 相处;helpsbwithsth帮某人做某事;dealwith处理,对付；togetherwithhelpsbwithsth帮某人做某事;dealwith处理,对付；togetherwith与 一起；bebusywith(work)忙于 bedifferentfrom不同于；Beawayfrom远离；Acrossfrom在对过；8|.thinkof/about认为,觉得；bemadeof由 制成；insteadof代替，而不是；withthehelpof 在 的帮助下;9|.worryabout担心，为 焦虑；Talkabout谈论关于 llol.payforsth付钱，买 ；sth寻找comeupwith想出主意，提出看法arguewithsb与 吵架;befriendlywithsb对 很友好hearfrom收到来信,听到消息；comefrom来自于；takecareof照料；Hearof听说；becauseof因为beafaidof害怕 beworriedabout担心,焦虑thinkabout认为，考虑，觉得asksbforhelp向请求帮助；lookforWaitforsb等候某某;leavefor出发去某地；goforawalk去散步；间leavefor出发去某地；goforawalk去散步；间.Thanksto多亏,由于；saygoodbyetosb告别 gotothecinema去电影院；prefersth tosth 更喜欢 而不是theanswertothequestion问题的答案；preferdoingsthtodoingsth更喜欢做1|.looklike看起来像;lookaround向四周看Takeoff脱下(鞋帽，衣物)，飞机起飞；getreadyfor为 作准备；sayhellotosb问候某某；Gotomovies去看电影；accordingto根据;Nextto挨着，靠着；Thekeytothedoor门上的钥匙； 而不是做 takeaway取走，拿走；putaway收拾,整理；turnon/off打开/关上；Puup张贴，举起来；TOC\o"1-5"\h\zGoalongtheroad/street沿着 走;Giveup放弃Thesameas与 样regardas把 当做；notuntil直至Ll才giveaway捐赠(not)as—as与 (不)一样Bytheendoflastmonth到上个月末为止，Wehadlearnedmorethan不止300Englishsongs.Byhegotoutside到他来到外面为止，thebushadalready已经left离开.TheworkmustbefinishedbyFriday。工作必须在星期五之前完成•in与after时间介词in与after的用法*介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。如：l.We'11gotoschoolintwoweeks.两周后2()Mymotheriscomingbackthreedays我妈三天后要回来3.Therewillbe*介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。如：()Mymothercamehomehalfanhour,半小时后()Theheadmaster校长willcometoourclasstwoo'clock.3()1'11callyou4o'.We'11gooutforawalkaftersupper.晚饭后•Since与for时间介词for与since的用法辨析*介词for表示一段时间，fortwomonths有两个月，forthreedays有两天，forafewhour有好几个小时,foralongtime有一段时间,1.Ihavebeenlivingherefor10years.有十年2()-Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?/-twentyyears.3()Thedoctorworkedfivehoursarest.A.for,withB.on,withoutC.about,havingD.for,without*介词since表示从过去某一时间以来,如：1()Ihavebeenlivinghere2000.2()Whatbadweatherwehave!Ithasrainedthedaybeforeyesterday.3.Thefactoryhasbeentheresince1989.5.IhavenJtseenherforyears,我有好几年没见到他了•during时间介词during(在…期间)1.Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.在夏天期I、司2()Theyoungmanhadworkedinthesmallvillagetheyearof1972.•until/till直到…为止；not…until…直到…才…，不到…不…,*till/until前谓语动词为延续性动词；*not…until…，(until)前谓语动词为短暂性动词，1.Iwillwaittill(until)seveno'clock.()Tomdidn，tcomebackmidnight..Ididn'tgotobedmymothercameback.・不用介词表达时间的几种情况.当表示时间的词前有this,that时，其前面不用介词，如：thismorning.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如：nextSunday.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如：lastSunday.当表示时间的词前有one,any,each,every,some或all时，其前面不用介词Youcancomeanyday任何一天.2.Couldyoucometomyhouseevening?二.方位介词与地点7丽的用法辨析・方位介词on,over,above的用法辨析*介词。n表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：Thebookisonthetable.Therewasacarpet地毯onthefloor在地板上.*介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：1.Isthereanybridgeovertheriver?桥在河流之上吗？*介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：.Therewasanelectricclock电子钟abovehisbed..Thereisalight灯・方位介词under与below的用法辨析*介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如：1.Theywereseenunderthetree.*介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：1.Theylivebelowus.他们住在我们下面（楼下）•方位介词across,、through>over,用法辨析*介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。Shewentacrossthestreet穿越街道todosomeshoppng.MrWangplannedtoswimtheChangJiangRivernextmonth.Thewentthedesert沙漠lastyear.*介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内部穿过。.Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow..Theywenttheforest森林tofindthewaytothePalace.*介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：Hefailedtogooverthemountain穿越大山；hehadtogoroundit.•方位介词in>on、at的用法辨析*介词in表示“在-一内”，“排、行、组”，如：WeareinTeamOne.Heputshishandsinhispockets口袋*介词。n表示“在左、右”，在上面，如：1.LiPingisonmyleft/right在右边,在左边.*at“在旁边”1.Theywereeatingatthetablenow在饭桌旁吃饭*at后接小地方，in后接大地方词汇：athome在家，atthebusstation在车站，atscholl,atwork在上班，attheendof在 尽头，atthebeginningof——开始 ；inChina,inBeijing,intheworld在这个世界，intheopenair在户外，intheend最终，stayinbed卧床睡觉，()Whendidyouarrivethetrainstation?A.inB.atC.onD.infront3填词：MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon,shewillarriveParisthemorningofJuly9.4()Wewaitedagesforataxi,Wegaveup放弃andwalkedhome.A.atthebeginningB.intheendC.atfirstC.atleast*in表示在某地范围之内；to表示在某地范围之外；on表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：Shanghaiis/liesin位于theeastofChina.上海在中国的东部。BeijingisinthenorthofChina.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东面。FranceliestothesouthofEngland.Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.蒙古国位于中国北边。CanadaliesonthenorthoftheU.S.•方位介词to、for的用法辨析*介词to表示目的地或去的目的，“fromto”从 到 ,如：illyoutakeatraintoTianjian?2.填词：-Howfarisityourhometoschool>一It'sabouthalfanhour'sbusride.3,填词:MyfatherworksinafactoryMondaySaturday.*介词for表示目的，动身去某地等，如：1.HegotonatrainforShanghai.3.填词：Hereisaletteryou。这是给你的信件Iboughtsomeflowersas作为apresent礼物Teachers?Day.三.|其他易混介词|的用法辨析・原因介词because、as>for的用法辨析*介词because表示“因为；由于”指直接的，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。1.Theboydidn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.*介词as表示“由于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。1.Shestayedathomeasshehadnocar.*介词for表示“因为，由于”指一种间接原因，1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadiswet路面湿滑.•材料介词of和from的用法*bemadeof“由 制成”，用于成品与材料的性质不变时，Thedeskismadeofwood.课桌由木头制成。Thesocksaremadeofsilk.袜子有丝绸制成。*bemadefrom“由 制成”，用于成品与材料的性质已变时，Wineismadefromgrapes.酒由葡萄制成。Paperismadefromwood.纸由木头制成。・表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析*介词in表示“用材料、声音，语言”介词with表示“用工具、某物”介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”1.CanyousayitinEnglish?用英语说.Thegirlma•介词between与among的用法辨析*介词between表示“在两者之间”介词among表示“在…当中（三者或以上）之间l・Don'tsitbetweenthetwogirls..Thereisahotelbetweenthebankandthepayphone..Theylivedamongthemountains群山之I'可inthepast..Thebadnewsspread传播amongthestudents在学生间quickly.•介词besides与except的用法辨析*介词besides表示“除…之外（全部包括在内）”介词except表示“除…之外（不计算在内）.WehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang..WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass..Thirtystudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影。（他和另外30人都去了）.Heisinterestedintennisbesides（=aswellas）football.除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。.Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）.AllthevisitorsareJapaneseexcepthim.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）•表示计量的介词：at,for,by*at表示“以……速度””以……价格”For表示具体价格，by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。Itflies飞atabout900kilometersahour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。Isoldmycaratahighprice.我以高价出售了我的汽车。Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.他以五百元把车卖了。Theypaidhimbymonth.他们按月给他计酬。Hereeggsaresold被卖byweight.在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。•表示工具或手段的介词：by,with,on*by用某种方式，多用于交通。如bybus乘公共汽车，bye-mail.通过电子邮件。（注：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词）1.Iwentthere（bybus/inabus）.我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。*with表示“用某种工具”。1.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。*on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。Theytalkedonthetelephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。Heenjoyswatchingso