初高中衔接直接引语与间接引语

直接引语和间接引语(何凡蒂)①时态的变化①时态的变化②指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化③直接引语是陈述句时的变化④直接引语是一般疑问句时的变化⑤直接引语是特殊疑问句时的变化引述别人的话有两种方式:一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内,这叫作直接引语(DirectSpeech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，这叫作间接引语(IndirectSpeech)。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。MrBlacksaid,“Iwanttohaveatalkwithmysonfacetoface.”（直接引语）布莱克先生说:“我想和我的儿子面对面地交流。”Mrblacksaidthathewantedtohaveatalkwithhissonfacetoface.（间接引语）布莱克先生说他想和他的儿子面对面地交流。直接引语一般现在一般将来一般过去现在进行现在完成过去完成现在完成进行时间接引语一般过去过去将来过去完成过去进行过去完成过去完成过去完成进行时1.主句为过去时态,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态要发生变化误区警示下列情况下,直接引语变为间接引语时时态不变①直接引语如果陈述的是客观事实、真理、谚语、名言警句、习惯性动作，当其变为间接引语时，不管主句用什么时态，间接引语的时态都不变。②直接引语中有明确的表示过去时间的状语(如in2017等)，变为间接引语时,时态不变。③主句的时态是各种现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变。

2.人称在间接引语中的变化直接引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时,也要有相应的变化。一般遵循“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”的原则。直接引语间接引语例句引述内容中与主句主语的人Hesays,"JlikeEnglishverymuch."—Hesaysthat的第一人称称保持一致helikesEnglishverymuch.引述内容中与主句宾语的人HesaidtoMary,“Youmustgetupearly.”的第二人称称保持一致-HetoldMarythatshemustgetupearly.引述内容中的第三人称保持不变Shesaidtome,"Theywanttohelphim."-Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim1.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词在间接引语中的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语today/nowthatday/thenthismoming/aftemoon/evening,etc.thatmorning/afternoon/evening,etcyesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'timenextweek/month/year,etc.thenextweek/month/year,etc.thefollowingweek/month/year,etc.lastweek/month/year,etctheweek/month/year,etc.beforethepreviousweek/month/year,etc.twoweeks/months/years,etc.agotwoweeks/months/years,etc.before地点状语here-there动词come-gobring-take误区警示若在当地转述,here不必改为there,come不必改为go；若在当天转述,today、yesterday、tomorrow等也不必改变。4.句子结构的变化⑴直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(由己1在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语做相应变化。“I'lltalkwithhimfacetofacethisevening,“shesaidtome.ShetoldmethatshewouldtalkwithhimfacetofacethateveningMrBlacksaid,"Ipackedmysuitcaseyesterdayafternoon.””-MrBlacksaid(that)hehadpackedhissuitcasethepreviousafternoon.学法指导当直接引语是陈述句时，变间接引语的口诀:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用whether或if引导，疑问语序为陈述语序,同时人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语做相应变化。谓语say/said通常变为ask/asked。没有间接宾语的,可以根据情况加上。SheaskedTom,"Areyougoingtoeatoutdoorstoday?-SheaskedTomwhetherhewasgoingtoeatoutdoorsthatday.Heaskedus,"CanJstayhereforanothertwodays?Heaskedusifhecouldstaythereforanothertwodays学法指导当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的口诀:去掉引号加if/whether,陈述语序要记住。时态、人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。(3)直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导,疑问语序变为陈述语序,同时人称、,时态时间状语、地点状语做相应变化。Maryaskedme,"Whereareyougoingtomorrow?-Maryaskedmewhere[wasgoingthenextday.“Whohasbrokenmymirror?”YuMinasked-YuMinaskedwhohadbrokenhermirror.Mymotheraskedme,"Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?-MymotheraskedmehowlongIhadbeenthere学法指导当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变间接引语的口诀:直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。小心助动词,去它最重要。.将下列句子变为间接引语“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.2.Sarahsaid,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.”.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,”DoesanyoneknowCPR?”.PeteraskedBob,"Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.”.”I'vegotaNewYearconcertticket,”Isaid..“1wanttocontinuethosedialogues,"saidMoran.2.单句语法填空Theteachertoldusthatlight（travel）travelfasterthansound.“Themoment（come）soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.-IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.-Byworkingouteveryday.Expertsbelievepeoplecanwasteless_foodby_shoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.-IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?-Yeah,butIhavenoideahedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.3.单句写作.Themandeclared（他的邻居将回来）evenstrongerthanbefore..KurtaskedJohn（他的个人成长规划是什么）.AuntaskedDede（他读过它没有）答案与解析Hesaidthatusedtobethecenteroftown.Sarahsaidthatherdadthoughtsheshouldtaketheofferthen.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedoutandaskedif/whethersomeoneknewCPR.PeteraskedBobwhether/ifhewasnewthereas/becausehehadn'tseenhimAround.Isaid(that)IhadgotaNewYearconcertticket.Ms当宾语从句陈述的是客观事实、真理、谚语、名言警句时，不管主句用了何种时态,从句都用一般现在时。iscoming根据“soon”容易判断时态应用将来时，这里是直接引语。表示“来、去、动身、启程”这类动词经常用进行时表示将来。how根据答语“Byworkingouteveryday."”可知,空格处用how